{ "_meta": { "name": "Embr Exposure Ledger", "version": "1.5", "license": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "license_name": "CC BY 4.0", "built_at": "2026-08-15", "git_sha": "228d8475d82aa1dc75fbbd3506c36bbbb5fb04d4", "git_short": "228d8475", "description": "A compound-keyed join of public-exposure datasets against the Embr Bedroom Chemistry Atlas and proprietary Verdict Layer. For each chemical: where it is detected in the environment (EPA drinking-water data), what body burden it carries (CDC biomonitoring), how it is regulated (California Prop 65), what reduces exposure (curated, evidence-tiered interventions), and — when loaded — what is modeled in ambient air (EPA AirToxScreen).", "active_spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "air", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count_max": 10, "spokes": { "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, cycles 1–5 (2001–2025)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule" }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/" }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list" }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "source_url": null }, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen" }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data" }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate" }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present" }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables" }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/" } }, "integrity": "Every value is copied from a public dataset joined via atlas_resolver; nothing is invented. A null spoke means no data for that compound in that dataset, stated honestly.", "citation": "Embr Exposure Ledger v1.5, embrsleep.com — reuse permitted with attribution and a link to embrsleep.com.", "counts": { "compounds_total": 268, "by_spoke_count": { "9": 5, "8": 16, "7": 17, "6": 29, "5": 28, "4": 30, "3": 50, "2": 43, "1": 50 }, "complete_records": 0 } }, "index": { "complete_records": [], "by_spoke_count": { "9": [ "arsenic", "benzene", "benzo-a-pyrene", "formaldehyde", "naphthalene" ], "8": [ "1-4-dioxane", "acetaldehyde", "cadmium", "chloroform", "cobalt", "copper", "dehp", "ethylbenzene", "lead", "methylene-chloride", "nickel", "o-toluidine", "pyrene", "styrene", "toluene", "trichloroethylene" ], "7": [ "1-3-butadiene", "1-4-dichlorobenzene", "bbp", "chromium", "chrysene", "dbp", "fluoranthene", "genx", "manganese", "mercury", "perchloroethylene", "pfoa", "phenol", "quinoline", "selenium", "tdcpp", "xylenes" ], "6": [ "2-methoxyethanol", "acenaphthene", "acrolein", "acrylamide", "aniline", "anthracene", "barium", "benz-a-anthracene", "bpa", "carbon-tetrachloride", "diazinon", "dibenz-ah-anthracene", "dnop", "ethylene-oxide", "fluorene", "hexachlorobenzene", "indeno-123-cd-pyrene", "isopropanol", "lithium", "methyl-ethyl-ketone", "methyl-methacrylate", "n-hexane", "p-phenylenediamine", "pentachlorophenol", "pfhxs", "pfna", "pfos", "phenanthrene", "silver-nanoparticles" ], "5": [ "2-4-d", "4-aminobiphenyl", "acetone", "benzidine", "carbon-monoxide", "chloromethane", "chromium-6", "dep", "dimethylformamide", "dinp", "fluoride", "formamide", "hydrogen-cyanide", "mda", "ndma", "nicotine", "nitrate", "pfba", "pfbs", "pfda", "pfhxa", "propoxur", "propylene-oxide", "tcpp", "tdi", "toxaphene", "uranium", "vinyl-chloride" ], "4": [ "2-butoxyethanol", "4-tert-octylphenol", "aldrin", "asbestos", "atrazine", "bde-209", "bde-47", "bde-99", "bis-chloromethyl-ether", "chlordane", "chlorpyrifos", "dibp", "didp", "dioxins-furans", "heptachlor", "hexachlorobutadiene", "hhcb", "limonene", "lindane", "mdi", "mercaptobenzothiazole", "methylparaben", "nonylphenol", "permethrin", "resorcinol", "short-chain-chlorinated-paraffins", "tcep", "thiuram", "toluene-2-5-diamine", "tributyl-phosphate" ], "3": [ "alpha-pinene", "antimony-trioxide", "badge", "bha", "bht", "bifenthrin", "boric-acid", "bpaf", "bps", "butylparaben", "carbaryl", "carbon-black", "cinnamal", "citral", "cotinine", "coumarin", "d4-octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane", "ddt", "decanal", "deha", "dieldrin", "dmp", "endrin", "eugenol", "geraniol", "glyoxal", "glyphosate", "guaiacol", "hexanal", "isoeugenol", "methylisothiazolinone", "mirex", "ndela", "nonanal", "octanal", "ozone", "pentachlorobenzene", "pfhpa", "pfpea", "phenoxyethanol", "piperonyl-butoxide", "propylene-glycol", "propylparaben", "tbbpa", "tbph", "tphp", "tributyltin", "triclosan", "tricresyl-phosphate", "zinc-pyrithione" ], "2": [ "1-ohp", "2-ethylhexanoic-acid", "2-ethylhexanol", "5-fu", "6-2-fts", "bde-100", "bronopol", "citronellol", "crystalline-silica", "d5-decamethylcyclopentasiloxane", "d6-dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane", "dbdpe", "dechlorane-plus", "deet", "deltamethrin", "dimethyl-fumarate", "dmea", "ethylparaben", "fipronil", "hexabromobiphenyl", "hydroxycitronellal", "imidacloprid", "isobutylparaben", "linalool", "melamine", "methylchloroisothiazolinone", "methyleugenol", "musk-ketone", "nitrite", "nitrogen-dioxide", "nnal", "nnk", "nnn", "oxybenzone", "pbdes", "perchlorate", "pfpra", "pm25", "tbb", "tboep", "teda", "tfa", "triclocarban" ], "1": [ "11cl-pf3ouds", "8-2-ftoh", "8-2-fts", "9cl-pf3ons", "adona", "ahtn", "aluminum-chlorohydrate", "avobenzone", "bdmaee", "bpf", "carboplatin", "chloramine", "chlordecone", "cisplatin", "cyclophosphamide", "cypermethrin", "dehydroabietic-acid", "dha-self-tanner", "diazolidinyl-urea", "dicofol", "disperse-blue-1", "dmdheu", "dmdm-hydantoin", "ehdpp", "endosulfan", "etoposide", "geranyl-acetone", "haloacetic-acids", "hbcd", "heptabromodiphenyl-ether", "hexabromodiphenyl-ether", "homosalate", "ifosfamide", "iptpp", "levoglucosan", "mehp", "methoxychlor", "microcystin", "musk-xylene", "octinoxate", "octisalate", "octocrylene", "otne", "pcbs", "pfosa", "polychlorinated-naphthalenes", "quaternium-15", "stannous-octoate", "trihalomethanes", "uv-328" ] } }, "compounds": { "arsenic": { "slug": "arsenic", "name": "Arsenic", "cas": "7440-38-2", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/arsenic", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "Depends on your source", "why": "Arsenic occurs naturally in groundwater and is a genuine, well-documented health risk at elevated levels — but public systems test and treat for it. The people actually exposed are usually on private wells in certain geologies.", "matters": "on a private well? Test for arsenic — nobody does it for you. On city water, it's already monitored.", "tiers": [ "peer-reviewed", "regulatory" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Total Arsenic (2011 - 2018)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg As/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 6.32, "p95": 61.5, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "arsenic (total)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "14251", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "arsenic (total)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/arsenic-canadians.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 3 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H331", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes ~90–99% of PFAS (long- and short-chain) plus most dissolved metals, nitrate and fluoride — the broadest single fix.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research; NSF/ANSI 58", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.137709, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "850,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 850000, "reported_name": "Arsenic", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "850,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 850000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "700,000 – <850,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 700000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "5,000,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "5,000,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Arsenic", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 51, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1995", "1997", "1999", "2002", "2017", "2018", "2019" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.000693, "weight_percent_max": 0.2746, "measurements": 51 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0002, "weight_percent_median": 0.0002, "weight_percent_max": 0.0002, "measurements": 1 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 154, "draft_profiles": 5, "test_years": [ "1988", "1988-1997", "1995", "1995-2001", "1997", "1997, 1998, 2001", "1998", "1998, 2001", "2001", "2003", "2021" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.000155, "weight_percent_max": 0.0173, "measurements": 154 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0, "weight_percent_max": 0.0, "measurements": 5 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 760667.942, "facilities": 55, "states": 30, "reported_name": "Arsenic", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 3685432.493, "facilities": 993, "provinces": 13, "reported_name": "Arsenic (and its compounds)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Arsenic, Inorganic", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 1.5e-05, "inhalation_rfc_source": "Cal EPA", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.00065, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0003, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.052, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 75, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Belgium", "France", "Germany", "Ireland", "Italy", "Spain", "Sweden", "The Netherlands", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0760/07", "year": "2007", "week": "30", "date": "03/08/2007", "notifying_country": "Belgium", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Party Pack Face Colour", "brand": "KAI XIN", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market by the importer/distributorDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "een paint: 31795 mg/kg Lead, 16427 mg/kg Chromium, 49 mg/kg Arsenic, 765 mg/kg Antimony, 7160 mg/kg Barium. The presence of the", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0630/09", "year": "2009", "week": "18", "date": "15/05/2009", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Talcum powder - Spring fresh line / Wild Orchid perfume", "brand": "BURTON", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Seizure of the products ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market by the importer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Orchid perfume The product poses a chemical risk because it contains arsenic at a level of 15.2 ± 3.2 mg/kg. This could lead to absorpti", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0754/09", "year": "2009", "week": "22", "date": "12/06/2009", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfumed talcum powder - Fragrant talc parfumé - Lavender", "brand": "Spring Fresh", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market.Seizure of the products ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "umé - Lavender The product poses a chemical risk because it contains arsenic at a level of 18.8 (± 3.7) mg/kg. This could be absorbed wi", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0463/12", "year": "2012", "week": "11", "date": "16/03/2012", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink \"Medium Brown\"", "brand": "Intenze", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "sults in permanent contact with a sensitising allergen. The arsenic level detected in the sample also exceeds the level of 2 mg/kg re", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1193/12", "year": "2012", "week": "32", "date": "10/08/2012", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink", "brand": "Lilo M", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "sults in permanent contact with a sensitising allergen. The arsenic level detected in the sample also exceeds the level of 2 mg/kg re", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1198/13", "year": "2013", "week": "36", "date": "13/09/2013", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink", "brand": "Eternal Ink", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 04/07/2013", "evidence_phrase": "specified in the EU Resolution Res AP (2008) 1.Finally, the arsenic level detected in the sample exceeds the level of 2 mg/kg recomme", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "air", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 9 }, "benzene": { "slug": "benzene", "name": "Benzene", "cas": "71-43-2", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/benzene", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "Real — but it's your garage and your smoke", "why": "Benzene is a known cause of leukaemia (IARC Group 1) with no established safe level, so the compound itself is not in doubt. But in a bedroom the dominant sources are not the mattress — they're tobacco smoke and exhaust drifting in from an attached garage.", "matters": "Never idle a car in an attached garage, and don't smoke indoors. Fix the source and the bedroom number takes care of itself.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json", "hazard": "Known human carcinogen (IARC 1)", "persistence": "Volatile; moderate", "evidence": "Strong" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Benzene (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "whole blood", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 0.263, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Benzene", "matrix": "Whole blood", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "0.037", "p95": "0.20", "detection_pct": "74.5", "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2014–2015", "total_n": "7529", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "trans,trans-muconic acid (t,t-MA)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/fifth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-6.html#s15-1" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "05" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "05", "substance_name": "Benzene", "cas": "71-43-2", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/7c8cf4ac-baf9-a05a-2cc7-c9bca4a9d5b7", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 2", "Carc. 1A", "Muta. 1B", "Asp. Tox. 1", "STOT RE 1", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 2", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "2", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "Carc. 1A", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1A", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 1B", "class": "Muta.", "category": "1B", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "Asp. Tox. 1", "class": "Asp. Tox.", "category": "1", "plain": "aspiration hazard" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H225", "H304", "H315", "H319", "H340", "H350", "H372" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1A", "mutagen": "1B", "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Portable HEPA air cleaner, run continuously during a smoke episode", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Cut indoor PM2.5 by 48-78% in seven homes during a 2020 wildfire episode; a systematic review of landscape-fire interventions puts portable air cleaners at 54-92% for PM2.5.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Upgrade central HVAC filtration to MERV 13", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Mechanical ventilation with MERV 5/8 filters reduced landscape-fire PM2.5 indoors by 18-58%; MERV 12/13 achieved up to 87%.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Goodman N et al. (2025). Interventions for reducing exposure to air pollution from landscape fires in a changing environment: A systematic review. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178621" }, { "action": "Ventilation + source control (air out new products)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Fresh-air exchange and airing out new foam/pressed-wood items lowers the VOC and formaldehyde concentration you breathe.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "VOC emission decays with ventilation and time; see the off-gassing article", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/articles/off-gassing" }, { "action": "Certified granular activated carbon (GAC) filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Good for long-chain PFAS (PFOA/PFOS) and for disinfection byproducts and VOCs — but short-chain PFAS break through quickly.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "DIY box fan with a MERV 13 filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In a wildfire-season field study, DIY units were associated with a 7-11% reduction in indoor PM2.5 against 18.3% for a commercial unit; bench testing shows they remove 1-2.5 um particles well but fall off as particle size drops.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Prathibha P et al. (2024). Usage and Impact of a Do-It-Yourself Air Cleaner on Residential PM2.5 in a Smoke-Impacted Community. Atmospheric Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120650" }, { "action": "Staying indoors with the windows closed, and nothing else", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Measured smoke infiltration into homes ran 0.33-0.76, so between a third and three quarters of outdoor PM2.5 was still present indoors. The authors state plainly that staying indoors is insufficient on its own.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Activated-carbon air filter (gas-phase)", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Adsorbs some VOCs and formaldehyde, but saturates and must be replaced; not a permanent fix.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Adsorption behavior of gas-phase carbon media", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/atlas/formaldehyde" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 1.547746, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "15,000,000,000 – <20,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 15000000000, "reported_name": "Benzene", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "15,000,000,000 – <20,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 15000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "15,000,000,000 – <20,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 15000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "15,000,000,000 – <20,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 15000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Benzene", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 1.98298, "weight_percent_median": 1.98298, "weight_percent_max": 1.98298, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 25, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010", "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.169296, "weight_percent_median": 1.441429, "weight_percent_max": 2.706713, "measurements": 25 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 9, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2004", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.597657, "weight_percent_median": 1.649784, "weight_percent_max": 4.710519, "measurements": 9 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "NMHC": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1986" ], "weight_percent_min": 6.99, "weight_percent_median": 6.99, "weight_percent_max": 6.99, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 15, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 1.933378, "weight_percent_median": 5.792448, "weight_percent_max": 12.425908, "measurements": 15 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 10.680779, "weight_percent_median": 25.203343, "weight_percent_max": 33.673469, "measurements": 4 }, "unspecified": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 18.91, "weight_percent_median": 18.91, "weight_percent_max": 18.91, "measurements": 1 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 1.787142, "weight_percent_median": 1.787142, "weight_percent_max": 1.787142, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 4023483.038, "facilities": 1090, "states": 53, "reported_name": "Benzene", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 35602806.057, "facilities": 1307, "provinces": 10, "reported_name": "Benzene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Benzene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.03, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.36, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.004, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.46, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 92, "sleep_related_alerts": 1, "countries": [ "Germany", "Greece", "Italy", "Lithuania", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Spain", "The Netherlands" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0488/05", "year": "2005", "week": "36", "date": "09/09/2005", "notifying_country": "The Netherlands", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from distribution.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "risk. The rubber solution contains excessive quantities of benzene (95%) instead of the maximum permitted level in consumer pr", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0281/06", "year": "2006", "week": "20", "date": "26/05/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": null, "brand": "“Work-it”", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market ordered by the authority.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "mers because the rubber solution contains approximately 90% benzene which is classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic and toxic.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0441/06", "year": "2006", "week": "28", "date": "21/07/2006", "notifying_country": "The Netherlands", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": null, "brand": "r solution “Work-it”", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market by the importer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "oduct poses a chemical risk because it contains 1.5-6.7% of benzene. Benzene is classified as carcinogenic category I and mutag", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0450/06", "year": "2006", "week": "29", "date": "27/07/2006", "notifying_country": "The Netherlands", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "sk to consumers because the rubber solution contains 64.9 % benzene and 14.4 % toluene.Benzene is classified as carcinogenic ca", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0737/06", "year": "2006", "week": "46", "date": "24/11/2006", "notifying_country": "The Netherlands", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tyre repair kit", "brand": "Jin Shong Che. Ind. Co., Ltd.", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Tyre repair kit The maximum permitted level of benzene in consumer products is 0.1%.The product poses a carcinogen", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0851/06", "year": "2006", "week": "50", "date": "22/12/2006", "notifying_country": "Slovenia", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "PAX rubber cement", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban ordered by the authorityDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "risk because the rubber solution contains approximately 90% benzene. Benzene is classified as carcinogenic (category 1), mutage", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "air", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 9 }, "benzo-a-pyrene": { "slug": "benzo-a-pyrene", "name": "Benzo[a]pyrene", "cas": "50-32-8", "family": "pah", "atlas_url": "/atlas/benzo-a-pyrene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.0, "detection_year": "2014–2015", "total_n": "7103", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-people.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.0, "detection_year": "2014–2015", "total_n": "7103", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-people.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "50", "50a" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "50", "substance_name": "Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)", "cas": "50-32-8", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/4f099937-658f-8b86-2f62-5e767fab4d6e", "conditions_text": null }, { "entry_no": "50a", "substance_name": "Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)", "cas": "50-32-8", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/2b2f0a5d-a75d-7aa4-fc01-6208b17a52ce", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "carcinogenic", "mutagenic", "toxic for reproduction", "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)", "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "Carcinogenic (Article 57a)", "Mutagenic (Article 57b)", "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)", "PBT (Article 57d)", "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "20-Jun-2016", "first_listed_iso": "2016-06-20", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B", "Muta. 1B", "Repr. 1B", "Skin Sens. 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 1B", "class": "Muta.", "category": "1B", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H317", "H340", "H350", "H360FD", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": "1B", "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Portable HEPA air cleaner, run continuously during a smoke episode", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Cut indoor PM2.5 by 48-78% in seven homes during a 2020 wildfire episode; a systematic review of landscape-fire interventions puts portable air cleaners at 54-92% for PM2.5.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Upgrade central HVAC filtration to MERV 13", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Mechanical ventilation with MERV 5/8 filters reduced landscape-fire PM2.5 indoors by 18-58%; MERV 12/13 achieved up to 87%.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Goodman N et al. (2025). Interventions for reducing exposure to air pollution from landscape fires in a changing environment: A systematic review. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178621" }, { "action": "Launder textiles with a long presoak and a high detergent concentration", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "A 12-hour presoak at a 90:10 water-to-detergent ratio removed 97% of low-molecular-weight PAHs and 78% of high-molecular-weight PAHs from contaminated firefighter fabric, against 11% HMW removal at the 99:1 ratio.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Hossain MT et al. (2024). Assessing the Impact of Pre-Soaking to Enhance Laundering Efficacy of Firefighter Turnout Gear. Toxics.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12080544" }, { "action": "DIY box fan with a MERV 13 filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In a wildfire-season field study, DIY units were associated with a 7-11% reduction in indoor PM2.5 against 18.3% for a commercial unit; bench testing shows they remove 1-2.5 um particles well but fall off as particle size drops.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Prathibha P et al. (2024). Usage and Impact of a Do-It-Yourself Air Cleaner on Residential PM2.5 in a Smoke-Impacted Community. Atmospheric Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120650" }, { "action": "Staying indoors with the windows closed, and nothing else", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Measured smoke infiltration into homes ran 0.33-0.76, so between a third and three quarters of outdoor PM2.5 was still present indoors. The authors state plainly that staying indoors is insufficient on its own.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Normal laundering at the detergent dose on the bottle", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Even at multiples of the manufacturer-recommended surfactant concentration, only about 40% of high-molecular-weight PAHs came out of heavily contaminated fabric. In firefighter uniforms sampled before and after laundering, PAHs fell significantly in only 3 of 16 sampled areas, and flame retardants (OPFRs, PBDEs) showed no significant reduction at all.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Banks APW et al. (2020). Assessing decontamination and laundering processes for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and flame retardants from firefighting uniforms. Environmental Research.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110616" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.07212, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,082,933", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1082933, "reported_name": "Benzo[a]pyrene", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,082,933", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1082933 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "901,772", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 901772 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,291,534", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1291534 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,051,280", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1051280 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Benzo[a]pyrene (or BaP)", "source_categories": [ "residential_wood" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 10, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.000687, "weight_percent_median": 0.027038, "weight_percent_max": 0.093194, "measurements": 10 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.020768, "weight_percent_median": 0.034869, "weight_percent_max": 0.052225, "measurements": 4 }, "unspecified": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.9, "weight_percent_median": 0.9, "weight_percent_max": 0.9, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "2000-2024", "total_releases_kg": 170128.302, "facilities": 350, "provinces": 11, "reported_name": "Benzo[a]pyrene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Benzo[a]pyrene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 2e-06, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.0017, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0003, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.025, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 33, "sleep_related_alerts": 2, "countries": [ "Cyprus", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "Luxembourg", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "1276/11", "year": "2011", "week": "46", "date": "18/11/2011", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink \"Zuper Black tattoo ink\"", "brand": "Zuper Black", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "lycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is 56.6 mg/kg and the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) content is 0.2 mg/kg. The Federal Institute for Risk", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1277/11", "year": "2011", "week": "46", "date": "18/11/2011", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink \"Intenze Lining Black\"", "brand": "Intenze", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "lycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is 55.6 mg/kg and the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) content is 0.3 mg/kg. The Federal Institute for Risk", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1348/11", "year": "2011", "week": "48", "date": "02/12/2011", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink \"Makkuro Sumi Dark Gray Tone black tatt", "brand": "Makkuro Sumi", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "ic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content is 17.9 mg/kg and the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) content is 0.2 mg/kg. The Federal Institute for Risk", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0045/13", "year": "2013", "week": "2", "date": "18/01/2013", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink", "brand": "Dragonhawk Tattoo", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (0.71 mg/kg), with a benzo[a]pyrene content of 0.01 mg/kg, which is classified as carcinogenic.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0064/13", "year": "2013", "week": "3", "date": "25/01/2013", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo Ink", "brand": "Kuro Sumi", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "olycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (20.13 mg/kg), with a benzo[a]pyrene content of 0.34 mg/kg, which is classified as carcinogenic.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0084/13", "year": "2013", "week": "4", "date": "01/02/2013", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo Ink", "brand": "Tattoooo", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "lycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (5.04 mg/kg), of which benzo[a]pyrene at a level of 0.10 mg/kg which is classified as carcinogeni", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "air", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 9 }, "formaldehyde": { "slug": "formaldehyde", "name": "Formaldehyde", "cas": "50-00-0", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/formaldehyde", "verdict": { "verdict": "real", "label": "Real — and worst when it's new", "why": "A known human carcinogen (IARC Group 1) and the sharp smell in new pressed-wood furniture, some foams, and wrinkle-free bedding. The honest part: emissions are highest when a product is new and fall off over weeks — this is a curve, not a constant.", "matters": "Air out new furniture and mattresses before they enter the bedroom, and ventilate. Time and fresh air do most of the work; no filter beats not sleeping next to it while it's off-gassing hardest.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json", "hazard": "Known human carcinogen (IARC 1)", "persistence": "Not persistent (off-gasses, decays)", "evidence": "Strong" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Formaldehyde (2013 - 2014)", "matrix": "hemoglobin adduct", "units": "nmol/g hemoglobin", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": 135.0, "p95": 167.0, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "77" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "77", "substance_name": "Formaldehyde", "cas": "50-00-0", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/1046d94e-f527-0bbb-7435-ad9eb040bea7", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B", "Muta. 2", "Acute Tox. 2", "Acute Tox. 4", "Skin Corr. 1B", "Skin Sens. 1A" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 2", "class": "Muta.", "category": "2", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 2", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "2", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Corr. 1B", "class": "Skin Corr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "skin corrosion" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1A", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1A", "plain": "skin sensitisation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H314", "H317", "H330", "H341", "H350" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": "2", "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Portable HEPA air cleaner, run continuously during a smoke episode", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Cut indoor PM2.5 by 48-78% in seven homes during a 2020 wildfire episode; a systematic review of landscape-fire interventions puts portable air cleaners at 54-92% for PM2.5.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Upgrade central HVAC filtration to MERV 13", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Mechanical ventilation with MERV 5/8 filters reduced landscape-fire PM2.5 indoors by 18-58%; MERV 12/13 achieved up to 87%.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Goodman N et al. (2025). Interventions for reducing exposure to air pollution from landscape fires in a changing environment: A systematic review. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178621" }, { "action": "Ventilation + source control (air out new products)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Fresh-air exchange and airing out new foam/pressed-wood items lowers the VOC and formaldehyde concentration you breathe.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "VOC emission decays with ventilation and time; see the off-gassing article", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/articles/off-gassing" }, { "action": "DIY box fan with a MERV 13 filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In a wildfire-season field study, DIY units were associated with a 7-11% reduction in indoor PM2.5 against 18.3% for a commercial unit; bench testing shows they remove 1-2.5 um particles well but fall off as particle size drops.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Prathibha P et al. (2024). Usage and Impact of a Do-It-Yourself Air Cleaner on Residential PM2.5 in a Smoke-Impacted Community. Atmospheric Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120650" }, { "action": "Staying indoors with the windows closed, and nothing else", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Measured smoke infiltration into homes ran 0.33-0.76, so between a third and three quarters of outdoor PM2.5 was still present indoors. The authors state plainly that staying indoors is insufficient on its own.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Activated-carbon air filter (gas-phase)", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Adsorbs some VOCs and formaldehyde, but saturates and must be replaced; not a permanent fix.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Adsorption behavior of gas-phase carbon media", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/atlas/formaldehyde" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 19.413817, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000, "reported_name": "Formaldehyde", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Formaldehyde", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 6.56039, "weight_percent_median": 6.56039, "weight_percent_max": 6.56039, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 25, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010", "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.837495, "weight_percent_median": 5.642078, "weight_percent_max": 8.782492, "measurements": 25 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 7, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 3.041891, "weight_percent_median": 4.452546, "weight_percent_max": 8.325985, "measurements": 7 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.962053, "weight_percent_median": 1.144875, "weight_percent_max": 6.116957, "measurements": 5 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 8.050184, "weight_percent_median": 10.083895, "weight_percent_max": 12.117607, "measurements": 2 }, "unspecified": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.66, "weight_percent_median": 0.66, "weight_percent_max": 0.66, "measurements": 1 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.613053, "weight_percent_median": 0.613053, "weight_percent_max": 0.613053, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 9058375.94, "facilities": 635, "states": 46, "reported_name": "Formaldehyde", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 52464736.772, "facilities": 918, "provinces": 11, "reported_name": "Formaldehyde", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Formaldehyde", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.007, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.14, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.2, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.22, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 118, "sleep_related_alerts": 9, "countries": [ "Bulgaria", "Czechia", "Finland", "Germany", "Ireland", "Poland", "Portugal", "Slovakia" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0038/05", "year": "2005", "week": "5", "date": "04/02/2005", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical, Suffocation", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from distribution.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "dards. In addition plywood contains excessive quantities of formaldehyde.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0538/06", "year": "2006", "week": "33", "date": "25/08/2006", "notifying_country": "Slovakia", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market and warning of consumers ordered by the authorityDate of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary recall by the distributorDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ine 3,3-dimethoxybenzidine (measured value 144 mg.kg-1) and formaldehyde (measured value 23.5 mg.kg-1).", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0774/06", "year": "2006", "week": "47", "date": "01/12/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Wooden jigsaw puzzles (lion)", "brand": "Free & Easy", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary recall from consumers by the distributor.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "puzzles (lion) The product poses a chemical risk because it contains formaldehyde which can cause mucous membrane irritation and cancer. The", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0771/06", "year": "2006", "week": "47", "date": "01/12/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "a) Wooden jigsaw puzzle (eagle) b) Wooden jigsaw puzzle (penguins)", "brand": "Ronald A/S", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary recall of the products from consumers by the distributor.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "guins) These toys pose a serious chemical risk because they contain formaldehyde:- a) total amount released 1133 mg formaldehyde;- b) total", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0042/06", "year": "2006", "week": "5", "date": "10/02/2006", "notifying_country": "Bulgaria", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Placing of the product on the market prohibited, withdrawal from the market and obligation to inform consumers ordered by authority.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "An increased content of formaldehyde is established - 322.4 mg/kg (allowed 150 mg/kg). Formaldeh", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0400/07", "year": "2007", "week": "18", "date": "11/05/2007", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Wooden jigsaw puzzle – Farm theme with clock", "brand": "Pfennigpfeiffer", "risk_type": "Chemical, Choking", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and destructionDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "hoke.In addition, this toy poses a chemical risk because it contains formaldehyde and lead in green and red paints which exceeds the permissi", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "air", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 9 }, "naphthalene": { "slug": "naphthalene", "name": "Naphthalene", "cas": "91-20-3", "family": "pah", "atlas_url": "/atlas/naphthalene", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "Real if you still use mothballs", "why": "Naphthalene is a possible human carcinogen, and the concentrated bedroom source is mothballs and some deodorant blocks — where people deliberately put it in closets and drawers near where they sleep. Without those products, ambient exposure is low.", "matters": "Stop using mothballs and naphthalene deodoriser blocks in enclosed spaces — cedar or airtight storage does the same job. If you smell that distinctive mothball odour in a bedroom, ventilate and find the source.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "1-Hydroxynaphthalene", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "4 (2014–2015)", "geo_mean": "0.97", "p95": "13", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2014–2015", "total_n": "7490", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "2-hydroxynaphthalene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-people.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "1-Hydroxynaphthalene", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "4 (2014–2015)", "geo_mean": "0.97", "p95": "13", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2014–2015", "total_n": "7490", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "2-hydroxynaphthalene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-people.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 2002, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "50a" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "50a", "substance_name": "Naphthalene", "cas": "91-20-3", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/2b2f0a5d-a75d-7aa4-fc01-6208b17a52ce", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H351", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Portable HEPA air cleaner, run continuously during a smoke episode", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Cut indoor PM2.5 by 48-78% in seven homes during a 2020 wildfire episode; a systematic review of landscape-fire interventions puts portable air cleaners at 54-92% for PM2.5.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Upgrade central HVAC filtration to MERV 13", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Mechanical ventilation with MERV 5/8 filters reduced landscape-fire PM2.5 indoors by 18-58%; MERV 12/13 achieved up to 87%.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Goodman N et al. (2025). Interventions for reducing exposure to air pollution from landscape fires in a changing environment: A systematic review. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178621" }, { "action": "Launder textiles with a long presoak and a high detergent concentration", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "A 12-hour presoak at a 90:10 water-to-detergent ratio removed 97% of low-molecular-weight PAHs and 78% of high-molecular-weight PAHs from contaminated firefighter fabric, against 11% HMW removal at the 99:1 ratio.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Hossain MT et al. (2024). Assessing the Impact of Pre-Soaking to Enhance Laundering Efficacy of Firefighter Turnout Gear. Toxics.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12080544" }, { "action": "DIY box fan with a MERV 13 filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In a wildfire-season field study, DIY units were associated with a 7-11% reduction in indoor PM2.5 against 18.3% for a commercial unit; bench testing shows they remove 1-2.5 um particles well but fall off as particle size drops.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Prathibha P et al. (2024). Usage and Impact of a Do-It-Yourself Air Cleaner on Residential PM2.5 in a Smoke-Impacted Community. Atmospheric Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120650" }, { "action": "Staying indoors with the windows closed, and nothing else", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Measured smoke infiltration into homes ran 0.33-0.76, so between a third and three quarters of outdoor PM2.5 was still present indoors. The authors state plainly that staying indoors is insufficient on its own.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Normal laundering at the detergent dose on the bottle", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Even at multiples of the manufacturer-recommended surfactant concentration, only about 40% of high-molecular-weight PAHs came out of heavily contaminated fabric. In firefighter uniforms sampled before and after laundering, PAHs fell significantly in only 3 of 16 sampled areas, and flame retardants (OPFRs, PBDEs) showed no significant reduction at all.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Banks APW et al. (2020). Assessing decontamination and laundering processes for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and flame retardants from firefighting uniforms. Environmental Research.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110616" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 1.398952, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "500,000,000 – <1,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 500000000, "reported_name": "Naphthalene", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "500,000,000 – <1,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 500000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <5,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Naphthalene", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.273658, "weight_percent_median": 0.273658, "weight_percent_max": 0.273658, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 22, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010", "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.017346, "weight_percent_median": 0.293063, "weight_percent_max": 0.818721, "measurements": 22 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.647462, "weight_percent_median": 0.674648, "weight_percent_max": 0.701025, "measurements": 4 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.109924, "weight_percent_median": 0.338302, "weight_percent_max": 1.191888, "measurements": 5 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 1.563628, "weight_percent_median": 3.819035, "weight_percent_max": 15.986395, "measurements": 4 }, "unspecified": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 43.65, "weight_percent_median": 43.65, "weight_percent_max": 43.65, "measurements": 1 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.152334, "weight_percent_median": 0.152334, "weight_percent_max": 0.152334, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 1007681.654, "facilities": 1134, "states": 53, "reported_name": "Naphthalene", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 3411080.971, "facilities": 453, "provinces": 10, "reported_name": "Naphthalene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Naphthalene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.003, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.083, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.02, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.12, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 43, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Bulgaria", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "Romania", "Sweden", "The Netherlands" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0417/08", "year": "2008", "week": "15", "date": "18/04/2008", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Toy binoculars", "brand": "NEW STYLE TELESCOPE", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "harmful polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, - the presence of naphthalene and alkylnaphthalenes causing irritation to the skin and ey", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0633/08", "year": "2008", "week": "24", "date": "20/06/2008", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Plastic toy – \"Witchcraft Knight dinosaurs and warriors\"", "brand": "WITCHCRAFT KNIGHT", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "phthalene, mixture of dimethyl-, trimethyl- and tetramethyl-naphthalene, mixture of methyl-, dimethyl-, trimethyl- and tetramethyl-", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0772/08", "year": "2008", "week": "28", "date": "18/07/2008", "notifying_country": "Bulgaria", "product_category": "Other - Food-imitating products", "product": "Naphthalene", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical, Choking", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and recall from consumers ordered by the authorities. Press release has been issued.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Naphthalene The product poses a risk of:- choking because it can be con", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1885/10", "year": "2010", "week": "50", "date": "17/12/2010", "notifying_country": "Bulgaria", "product_category": "Other - Food-imitating products", "product": "Naphthalene moth balls - Jolly Plus", "brand": "Relevi", "risk_type": "Chemical, Choking", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Naphthalene moth balls - Jolly Plus The product poses a chemical risk a", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0188/10", "year": "2010", "week": "6", "date": "12/02/2010", "notifying_country": "Bulgaria", "product_category": "Other - Food-imitating products", "product": "Naphthaline - Desadorisant", "brand": "ERFREŞ", "risk_type": "Chemical, Choking", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "wallowed; - chemical because the swallowing and touching of naphthalene by children can cause irritation, burning, poisoning and, i", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0986/11", "year": "2011", "week": "39", "date": "30/09/2011", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Hobby/sports equipment", "product": "Stainless steel flasks and cups", "brand": "Ferrino", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "poses a chemical risk because of a significant exposure to naphthalene (present at a concentration of 4.7 mg/kg of material) and t", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "air", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 9 }, "1-4-dioxane": { "slug": "1-4-dioxane", "name": "1,4-Dioxane", "cas": "123-91-1", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/1-4-dioxane", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 3 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 3rd cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 3, "period": "2013-2015", "systems_sampled": 4915, "systems_with_detection": 1077, "detection_pct": 21.91, "max_ugL": 34.0, "min_reporting_level": 0.07, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 3 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 3, "period": "2013-2015", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 3 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 3rd cycle", "analyte": "1,4-dioxane", "systems_sampled": 4915, "systems_with_detection": 1077, "detection_pct": 21.91, "max_ugL": 34.0, "median_detect_ugL": 0.19548, "min_reporting_level": 0.07, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood 1,4-Dioxane (2011 - 2016)", "matrix": "whole blood", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "carcinogenic", "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Carcinogenic (Article 57a)", "Equivalent level of concern having probable serious effects to human health (Article 57(f) - human health)", "Equivalent level of concern having probable serious effects to the environment (Article 57(f) - environment)" ], "first_listed": "08-Jul-2021", "first_listed_iso": "2021-07-08", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 2", "Carc. 1B", "STOT SE 3", "Eye Irrit. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 2", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "2", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H225", "H319", "H335", "H350" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.000222, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "75,000 – <100,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000, "reported_name": "1,4-Dioxane", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <100,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 603373.996, "facilities": 54, "states": 25, "reported_name": "1,4-Dioxane", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 241903.7, "facilities": 24, "provinces": 3, "reported_name": "1,4-Dioxane", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Dioxane, 1,4-", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.03, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.56, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.03, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.46, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Greece" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/02679/24", "year": "2024", "week": "38", "date": "20/09/2024", "notifying_country": "Greece", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Shampoo and body shower", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 19/07/2024", "evidence_phrase": "Shampoo and body shower The product contains 1,4-dioxane (dioxane). Dioxane is prohibited in cosmetic products. Diox", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "acetaldehyde": { "slug": "acetaldehyde", "name": "Acetaldehyde", "cas": "75-07-0", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/acetaldehyde", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 1", "Carc. 1B", "Muta. 2", "STOT SE 3", "Eye Irrit. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 1", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "1", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 2", "class": "Muta.", "category": "2", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H224", "H319", "H335", "H341", "H350" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": "2", "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Portable HEPA air cleaner, run continuously during a smoke episode", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Cut indoor PM2.5 by 48-78% in seven homes during a 2020 wildfire episode; a systematic review of landscape-fire interventions puts portable air cleaners at 54-92% for PM2.5.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Upgrade central HVAC filtration to MERV 13", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Mechanical ventilation with MERV 5/8 filters reduced landscape-fire PM2.5 indoors by 18-58%; MERV 12/13 achieved up to 87%.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Goodman N et al. (2025). Interventions for reducing exposure to air pollution from landscape fires in a changing environment: A systematic review. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178621" }, { "action": "DIY box fan with a MERV 13 filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In a wildfire-season field study, DIY units were associated with a 7-11% reduction in indoor PM2.5 against 18.3% for a commercial unit; bench testing shows they remove 1-2.5 um particles well but fall off as particle size drops.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Prathibha P et al. (2024). Usage and Impact of a Do-It-Yourself Air Cleaner on Residential PM2.5 in a Smoke-Impacted Community. Atmospheric Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120650" }, { "action": "Staying indoors with the windows closed, and nothing else", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Measured smoke infiltration into homes ran 0.33-0.76, so between a third and three quarters of outdoor PM2.5 was still present indoors. The authors state plainly that staying indoors is insufficient on its own.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 1.838675, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000, "reported_name": "Acetaldehyde", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Acetaldehyde", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 7.224743, "weight_percent_median": 7.224743, "weight_percent_max": 7.224743, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 25, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010", "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 1.057418, "weight_percent_median": 2.878407, "weight_percent_max": 4.345559, "measurements": 25 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 7, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 1.892269, "weight_percent_median": 2.258076, "weight_percent_max": 4.345559, "measurements": 7 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 1.412093, "weight_percent_median": 2.78985, "weight_percent_max": 8.947034, "measurements": 5 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 13.139381, "weight_percent_median": 13.43049, "weight_percent_max": 13.721599, "measurements": 2 }, "unspecified": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.24, "weight_percent_median": 0.24, "weight_percent_max": 0.24, "measurements": 1 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 7.876801, "weight_percent_median": 7.876801, "weight_percent_max": 7.876801, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 3739512.68, "facilities": 421, "states": 37, "reported_name": "Acetaldehyde", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 25528927.698, "facilities": 381, "provinces": 10, "reported_name": "Acetaldehyde", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Acetaldehyde", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.009, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 1.3, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 2.6, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/1044/18", "year": "2018", "week": "30", "date": "27/07/2018", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Hobby/sports equipment", "product": "Swim goggles lens cleaner", "brand": "Zoggs", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 20/06/2018", "evidence_phrase": "Swim goggles lens cleaner The product contains acetaldehyde and/or propionaldehyde which are skin irritants and are als", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "remediation", "air", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "cadmium": { "slug": "cadmium", "name": "Cadmium", "cas": "7440-43-9", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/cadmium", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "Mostly a smoking story", "why": "Cadmium is a Group 1 carcinogen that accumulates in the kidneys over decades, and it shows up in the blood of the general population. But the single biggest determinant of your level is whether you smoke — smokers carry far more of it than non-smokers.", "matters": "If you smoke, this is one more reason to stop. If you don't, your exposure is dietary and low, and there is no bedroom action to take.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Cadmium (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "blood", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 0.241, "p95": 1.28, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Cadmium", "matrix": "Whole blood", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "0.28", "p95": "2.9", "detection_pct": "87.9", "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "current": { "detection_pct": 92.0, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "35570", "cycles": "7", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "cadmium", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/cadmium-people-living-canada.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "23" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "23", "substance_name": "Cadmium", "cas": "7440-43-9", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/3bfef8a3-8c97-4d85-ae0b-ac6827de49a9", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "carcinogenic", "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Carcinogenic (Article 57a)", "Specific target organ toxicity after repeated exposure (Article 57(f) - human health)" ], "first_listed": "20-Jun-2013", "first_listed_iso": "2013-06-20", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Pyr. Sol. 1", "Carc. 1B", "Muta. 2", "Repr. 2", "Acute Tox. 2 *", "STOT RE 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Pyr. Sol. 1", "class": "Pyr. Sol.", "category": "1", "plain": "pyrophoric solid" }, { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 2", "class": "Muta.", "category": "2", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "Repr. 2", "class": "Repr.", "category": "2", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 2 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "2 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H250", "H330", "H341", "H350", "H361fd", "H372", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": "2", "reprotoxicant": "2", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.02521, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000, "reported_name": "Cadmium", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "4,000,000 – <5,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Cadmium", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 53, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1995", "1999", "2002", "2017", "2018", "2019" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.00055, "weight_percent_max": 0.94, "measurements": 53 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 49, "draft_profiles": 2, "test_years": [ "2002" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.031, "weight_percent_max": 0.94, "measurements": 49 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 144, "draft_profiles": 5, "test_years": [ "1988", "1988-1997", "1995", "1995-2001", "1997", "1997, 1998, 2001", "1998", "1998, 2001", "2001", "2003", "2021" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.001458, "weight_percent_max": 0.1391, "measurements": 144 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.02, "weight_percent_median": 0.02, "weight_percent_max": 0.02, "measurements": 2 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 165360.798, "facilities": 28, "states": 20, "reported_name": "Cadmium", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 782775.202, "facilities": 1250, "provinces": 13, "reported_name": "Cadmium (and its compounds)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Cadmium (Water)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 1e-05, "inhalation_rfc_source": "ATSDR", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.0016, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0001, "oral_rfd_source": "ATSDR", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 1.8, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 919, "sleep_related_alerts": 6, "countries": [ "Bulgaria", "Czechia", "Denmark", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Ireland", "Italy", "Poland", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0568/05", "year": "2005", "week": "44", "date": "04/11/2005", "notifying_country": "Greece", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical, Suffocation", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ball contains correspondingly 226 mg/Kg and 149.9 mg/Kg of cadmium (maximum allowed limit 100 mg/Kg). The toy doesn’t comply w", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0039/05", "year": "2005", "week": "5", "date": "04/02/2005", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from distribution.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ssive content of lead in the red artificial leather, and of cadmium in the white artificial leather. The toy does not comply wi", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1011/07", "year": "2007", "week": "40", "date": "12/10/2007", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Raincoat in plastic package.", "brand": "Shade Master.", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Import rejected by customs authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "the raincoat and in the package contains 450 - 660 mg/kg of cadmium which exceeds the maximum allowed limit of 0,01 % by mass o", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "1279/07", "year": "2007", "week": "48", "date": "07/12/2007", "notifying_country": "Poland", "product_category": "Kitchen/cooking accessories", "product": "Soup plate.", "brand": "Metlex.", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and recall from consumer by the importer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "duct poses a chemical risk because the quantity of lead and cadmium exceeded the limits for dishes: Measured values Pb - 28,0mg", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1357/07", "year": "2007", "week": "51", "date": "04/01/2008", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Bag containing 100 balls", "brand": "INTEX", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers by the distributor. Press release has been issued.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "g 100 balls The product poses a chemical risk because:- the cadmium levels exceeding the maximum permitted concentration of 100 mg/kg", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0049/08", "year": "2008", "week": "3", "date": "25/01/2008", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Jewellery", "product": "Jewellery, trinket", "brand": "JE Bijoux", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market by the distributor.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "excessive amounts of lead and two necklaces also contained cadmium.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "us": { "dataset": "US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) recall database", "source_url": "https://www.saferproducts.gov/", "recall_count": 4, "recalls": [ { "recall_number": "25424", "date": "2025-08-07", "title": "Monica Vinader Recalls Select 14k Yellow Gold Mini Heart Chain Bracelets, Necklaces, and Stud Earrings Due to High Levels of Cadmium", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2025/Monica-Vinader-Recalls-Select-14k-Yellow-Gold-Mini-Heart-Chain-Bracelets-Necklaces-and-Stud-Earrings-Due-to-High-Levels-of-Cadmium", "evidence_phrase": "High Levels of Cadmium", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 300" ] }, { "recall_number": "25082", "date": "2025-01-02", "title": "Yaomiao Children's Jewelry Sets Recalled Due to Risk of Lead and Cadmium Poisoning; Violations of the Federal Lead Content Ban and Federal Hazardous Substances Act; Sold Exclusively on Amazon by LordR", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2025/Yaomiao-Childrens-Jewelry-Sets-Recalled-Due-to-Risk-of-Lead-and-Cadmium-Poisoning-Violations-of-the-Federal-Lead-Content-Ban-and-Federal-Hazardous-Substances-Act-Sold-Exclusively-on-Amazon-by-LordRoads", "evidence_phrase": "Cadmium Poisoning", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 6,900" ] }, { "recall_number": "24366", "date": "2024-09-19", "title": "Children's Jewelry Sets Recalled Due to Risk of Lead and Cadmium Poisoning; Violations of the Federal Lead Content Ban and Federal Hazardous Substances Act; Sold Exclusively on Amazon.com by Newmemo", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2024/Childrens-Jewelry-Sets-Recalled-Due-to-Risk-of-Lead-and-Cadmium-Poisoning-Violations-of-the-Federal-Lead-Content-Ban-and-Federal-Hazardous-Substances-Act-Sold-Exclusively-on-Amazon-com-by-Newmemo", "evidence_phrase": "Cadmium Poisoning", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 2,200" ] }, { "recall_number": "23192", "date": "2023-04-27", "title": "Easter Bunny Necklaces and Boutique Butterfly Jewel Necklaces Recalled Due to High Levels of Cadmium; Imported by Creative Education of Canada", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2023/Easter-Bunny-Necklaces-and-Boutique-Butterfly-Jewel-Necklaces-Recalled-Due-to-High-Levels-of-Cadmium-Imported-by-Creative-Education-of-Canada", "evidence_phrase": "High Levels of Cadmium", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 4,300" ] } ], "match_basis": "compound counted only inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction; evidence_phrase records the matched wording" }, "jurisdictions": [ "us", "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "chloroform": { "slug": "chloroform", "name": "Chloroform", "cas": "67-66-3", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/chloroform", "verdict": { "verdict": "complicated", "label": "The same disinfection tradeoff", "why": "Chloroform is the main trihalomethane, and it exists because your water is disinfected. That's the tension: the chlorination that creates it is also what stopped waterborne disease from killing people. It's regulated, and most systems sit within limits.", "matters": "A carbon filter removes it from drinking water if you want. Do not respond by avoiding disinfected water — the cure would be far worse than the trade.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Trichloromethane (Chloroform) (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "", "units": "pg/mL", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 34.0, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "trichloromethane (chloroform)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 69.6, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "7564", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "trichloromethane (chloroform)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/fifth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-6.html#s15-15" } }, "us_ca_comparable": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "32" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "32", "substance_name": "Chloroform", "cas": "67-66-3", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/3a704004-7613-4635-8f97-d5e06a3dd860", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Repr. 2", "Acute Tox. 3", "Acute Tox. 4", "STOT RE 1", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Repr. 2", "class": "Repr.", "category": "2", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H315", "H319", "H331", "H351", "H361d", "H372" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "2", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Certified granular activated carbon (GAC) filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Good for long-chain PFAS (PFOA/PFOS) and for disinfection byproducts and VOCs — but short-chain PFAS break through quickly.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000, "reported_name": "Methane, trichloro-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Chloroform (or Trichlormethane; Methane trichloride)", "source_categories": [ "prescribed_fire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.000555, "weight_percent_median": 0.000564, "weight_percent_max": 0.000573, "measurements": 2 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 296985.264, "facilities": 76, "states": 26, "reported_name": "Chloroform", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 2692887.312, "facilities": 78, "provinces": 6, "reported_name": "Chloroform", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Chloroform", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.00195, "inhalation_rfc_source": "ATSDR (draft)", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.12, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.01, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.22, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 90, "sleep_related_alerts": 1, "countries": [ "Cyprus", "Czechia", "Estonia", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "Lithuania", "The Netherlands", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "1059/08", "year": "2008", "week": "38", "date": "26/09/2008", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Glue - Super Glue Extra super power Z", "brand": "SUPER GLUE", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Destruction of the notified products ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Z The products pose a chemical risk because it contains: - chloroform, - dichloroethane, - ethyl cyanoacetate, The levels of chlo", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0474/09", "year": "2009", "week": "13", "date": "10/04/2009", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Glue", "brand": "Super Glue", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market. Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "pose a chemical risk because it contains approximately 30% chloroform, which is banned in preparations with a mass content of 0.1", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0469/09", "year": "2009", "week": "13", "date": "10/04/2009", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Cleanser for leather – \"JUNGLE JUICE PLATINUM\"", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and withdrawal from the market, recall from consumers and destruction of the products ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "e product poses a chemical risk because it contains 2.3% of chloroform and 5.2% of isobutyl nitrite which are classified as carcin", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1085/09", "year": "2009", "week": "31", "date": "14/08/2009", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Super glue", "brand": "Rapide", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers by the distributor.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "product poses a chemical risk because it contains 10.3% of Chloroform, which is banned in preparations with a mass content of 0.1", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1084/09", "year": "2009", "week": "31", "date": "14/08/2009", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Super glue", "brand": "Better life", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary stop of sales.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "roduct poses a chemical risk because it contains a 16.1% of Chloroform which is above the allowed limit of 0.1% by mass.The produc", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1083/09", "year": "2009", "week": "31", "date": "14/08/2009", "notifying_country": "The Netherlands", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Super Glue", "brand": "Lifetime", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "oses a chemical risk because it contains 20.8% by weight of Chloroform, a carcinogenic substance, above the allowed limit of 0.1%", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "cobalt": { "slug": "cobalt", "name": "Cobalt", "cas": "7440-48-4", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/cobalt", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 3 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 3rd cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 3, "period": "2013-2015", "systems_sampled": 4922, "systems_with_detection": 247, "detection_pct": 5.02, "max_ugL": 1097.099, "min_reporting_level": 1.0, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 3 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 3, "period": "2013-2015", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 3 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 3rd cycle", "analyte": "cobalt", "systems_sampled": 4922, "systems_with_detection": 247, "detection_pct": 5.02, "max_ugL": 1097.099, "median_detect_ugL": 2.1, "min_reporting_level": 1.0, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Cobalt (2015 - 2018)", "matrix": "blood", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 0.173, "p95": 0.43, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Cobalt", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "2 (2009–2011)", "geo_mean": "0.23", "p95": "0.97", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2009–2011", "total_n": "6070", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "cobalt", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/second-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2013.html#a8.5" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1992, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B", "Muta. 2", "Repr. 1B", "Resp. Sens. 1", "Skin Sens. 1", "Aquatic Chronic 4" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 2", "class": "Muta.", "category": "2", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Resp. Sens. 1", "class": "Resp. Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "respiratory sensitisation" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 4", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "4", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H317", "H334", "H341", "H350", "H360F", "H413" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": "2", "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000, "reported_name": "Cobalt", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "70,000,000 – <85,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 70000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "40,000,000 – <55,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 40000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Cobalt", "source_categories": [ "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 45, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1995", "1999", "2002", "2017", "2018", "2019" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0, "weight_percent_max": 0.000907, "measurements": 45 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 141, "draft_profiles": 5, "test_years": [ "1988", "1988-1997", "1995", "1995-2001", "1997", "1997, 1998, 2001", "1998", "1998, 2001", "2001", "2003", "2021" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0001, "weight_percent_max": 0.0096, "measurements": 141 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 239554.408, "facilities": 307, "states": 39, "reported_name": "Cobalt", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 1109861.342, "facilities": 707, "provinces": 11, "reported_name": "Cobalt (and its compounds)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Cobalt", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 6e-06, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA PPRTV", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.00031, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0003, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 6.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 38, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Czechia", "Estonia", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "Luxembourg", "Portugal", "Spain", "Sweden", "The Netherlands" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "1392/10", "year": "2010", "week": "37", "date": "17/09/2010", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Humidity absorber - Pingi", "brand": "Innogoods", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "duct poses a chemical risk due to the high concentration of cobalt dichloride on the material which is in the shape of a water", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0250/16", "year": "2016", "week": "9", "date": "04/03/2016", "notifying_country": "Spain", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Finger paint", "brand": "KOH I NOOR", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 27/11/2015", "evidence_phrase": "ns aluminium (measured value 26.5 mg/kg) and the red colour contains cobalt (measured value 2629 mg/kg) in excessive amounts. Aluminium", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0278/16", "year": "2016", "week": "9", "date": "04/03/2016", "notifying_country": "Portugal", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Modelling clay", "brand": "Vivabook", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 11/02/2016", "evidence_phrase": "Modelling clay null The migration of cobalt from the clay is too high (measured value: 51 mg/kg). The c", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0649/17", "year": "2017", "week": "20", "date": "19/05/2017", "notifying_country": "The Netherlands", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo or permanent make-up ink", "brand": "Derma International", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: 19/04/2017", "evidence_phrase": "ured value: 5.47 mg/kg), lead (measured value: 4.73 mg/kg), cobalt (measured value: 72.3 mg/kg), nickel (measured value: 91.1", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0650/17", "year": "2017", "week": "20", "date": "19/05/2017", "notifying_country": "The Netherlands", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo or permanent make-up ink", "brand": "Derma International", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: 19/04/2017", "evidence_phrase": "asured value: 3.2 mg/kg), lead (measured value: 3.1 mg/kg), cobalt (measured value: 40.6 mg/kg) and nickel (measured value: 53", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0572/18", "year": "2018", "week": "16", "date": "20/04/2018", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink", "brand": "Goochie", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 27/11/2017", "evidence_phrase": "k The product contains arsenic (measured value: 8.0 mg/kg), cobalt (26 mg/kg), lead (13 mg/kg) and zinc (200 mg/kg). Arsenic i", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "copper": { "slug": "copper", "name": "Copper", "cas": "7440-50-8", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/copper", "verdict": { "verdict": "mild", "label": "Mostly plumbing-dependent", "why": "Copper leaches from copper pipes, usually at harmless levels. It becomes worth attention mainly with corrosive water, brand-new plumbing, or for infants on reconstituted formula.", "matters": "run the tap in the morning before use; if you have corrosive or well water and an infant, test it. Otherwise, low priority.", "tiers": [ "regulatory" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Copper (2011 - 2016)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "µg/dL", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": 115.0, "p95": 169.0, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Copper", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "2 (2009–2011)", "geo_mean": "11", "p95": "28", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2009–2011", "total_n": "11388", "cycles": "2", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "copper", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/second-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2013.html#a8.6" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Flush the cold tap + NSF/ANSI 53 lead filter", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Running the cold tap ~30 seconds after it's sat, and using a lead-certified filter, cut lead from old pipes/solder.", "tier": "regulatory", "source": "US EPA lead-in-drinking-water guidance", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/basic-information-about-lead-drinking-water" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000, "reported_name": "Copper", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Copper", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 60, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1995", "1999", "2002", "2003", "2017", "2018", "2019" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0008, "weight_percent_max": 0.548, "measurements": 60 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 52, "draft_profiles": 2, "test_years": [ "2003", "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.003, "weight_percent_max": 0.259, "measurements": 52 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 168, "draft_profiles": 7, "test_years": [ "1988", "1988-1997", "1995", "1995-2001", "1997", "1997, 1998, 2001", "1998", "1998, 2001", "2001", "2003", "2004", "2011", "2021" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.000508, "weight_percent_max": 2.88, "measurements": 168 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 6, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.004, "weight_percent_max": 0.02, "measurements": 6 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 9464894.143, "facilities": 2143, "states": 51, "reported_name": "Copper", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 82425580.087, "facilities": 1540, "provinces": 12, "reported_name": "Copper (and its compounds)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Copper", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.04, "oral_rfd_source": "HEAST", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 800.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 26, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Belgium", "Bulgaria", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "Poland", "Slovenia", "Spain", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0884/07", "year": "2007", "week": "33", "date": "24/08/2007", "notifying_country": "Bulgaria", "product_category": "Jewellery", "product": "Magnetic earrings for loosing weight", "brand": "Acu Slim", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market, destruction of the product and importation ban ordered by the authorities.Press release has been issued.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "use it can not be qualified as golden, but rather as nickel-copper with gold, silver and lead inclusions.The release of nickel", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0953/09", "year": "2009", "week": "28", "date": "24/07/2009", "notifying_country": "Spain", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Chemistry set - Laboratorio de quimica", "brand": "Clementoni", "risk_type": "Chemical, Damage to sight", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ormation on precautions to be taken is missing. The product contains copper sulphate (irritant, toxic if swallowed), ferrous sulphate (", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0505/14", "year": "2014", "week": "13", "date": "04/04/2014", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink", "brand": "Kuro Sumi Colors", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 18/03/2014", "evidence_phrase": "alues: aromatic amines: up to 1133 mg/kg; lead: 14.8 mg/kg, copper: 4310 mg/kg). According to the Council of Europe Resolution", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0536/14", "year": "2014", "week": "15", "date": "18/04/2014", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Felt-tip pens", "brand": "CREACTIVA", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 01/03/2014Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Destruction of the productDate of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 01/03/2014", "evidence_phrase": "risk because the brown ink releases an excessive amount of copper (measured value: 309 mg/kg).The product does not comply wit", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0609/14", "year": "2014", "week": "16", "date": "25/04/2014", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink", "brand": "Intenze", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 18/03/2014", "evidence_phrase": "ontains aromatic amine 4-methyl-m-phenylendiamine, lead and copper above the permitted levels (measured values: aromatic amine", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1682/14", "year": "2014", "week": "42", "date": "24/10/2014", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Plastic toy sword", "brand": "Boland", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 18/09/2014Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 18/09/2014Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Destruction of the productDate of entry into force: 18/09/2014", "evidence_phrase": "d paint of the sword handle releases an excessive amount of copper (measured value: 65 545mg/kg).The cooper is toxic for child", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "dehp": { "slug": "dehp", "name": "Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate", "cas": "117-81-7", "family": "phth", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dehp", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "Watch the waterproof covers", "why": "Phthalates like DEHP soften the vinyl in some waterproof mattress and crib covers. They're endocrine-disrupting plasticizers that can migrate — the exposure that matters most is for infants and toddlers on vinyl-covered crib mattresses.", "matters": "for a crib, choose a polyethylene or food-grade waterproof cover over soft PVC. For adult mattresses it's a minor, cover-dependent concern.", "tiers": [ "peer-reviewed", "regulatory" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP)", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "6.1", "p95": "30", "detection_pct": "99.5", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "11041", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/2-ethylhexyl-phthalate-canadians.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP)", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "6.1", "p95": "30", "detection_pct": "99.5", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "11041", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/2-ethylhexyl-phthalate-canadians.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "51" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "51", "substance_name": "Bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)", "cas": "117-81-7", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/aaa92146-a005-1dc2-debe-93c80b57c5ee", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_authorisation": { "dataset": "ECHA, Authorisation List (REACH Annex XIV)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/authorisation-list", "on_authorisation_list": true, "earliest_sunset": null, "earliest_sunset_iso": null, "sunset_in_force": null, "entries": [ { "entry_no": "04", "substance_name": "Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)", "cas": "117-81-7", "latest_application_date": "21-Aug-2013", "sunset_date": null, "sunset_date_iso": null, "sunset_passed": null, "intrinsic_property": [] } ], "means": "After the sunset date the substance may not be used or placed on the EU market unless a specific authorisation has been granted for that use." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction", "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)", "Endocrine disrupting properties (Article 57(f) - environment)", "Endocrine disrupting properties (Article 57(f) - human health)" ], "first_listed": "28-Oct-2008", "first_listed_iso": "2008-10-28", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Repr. 1B" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H360FD" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Damp-dusting + HEPA vacuuming (weekly)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "A randomized housing intervention including dust mitigation was associated with ~23% lower urinary DEHP metabolites in young children (95% CI −38 to −3).", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Fossa et al. 2024, Environment International", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108994" }, { "action": "Mattress cover / dust-mite encasement", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Homes using a mattress cover had measurably lower DEHP in settled dust in a Canadian cohort.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Zhang et al. 2023, CHILD cohort (as cited on the DEHP page)", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/atlas/dehp" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.000189, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 128652.502, "facilities": 73, "states": 26, "reported_name": "Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 246167.04, "facilities": 127, "provinces": 4, "reported_name": "Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 1.2, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.02, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 5.6, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 3216, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Czechia", "Estonia", "Finland", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Lithuania", "Slovakia", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0458/05", "year": "2005", "week": "34", "date": "26/08/2005", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Products seized and withdrawn from the market/distribution chain by authorities. Product recall from consumers. Warnings issued by authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "mixtures of two banned phthalates (3,2% w/w DBP, 4.6 % w/w DEHP) from use in PVC toys and childcare articles intended to be", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0456/05", "year": "2005", "week": "34", "date": "26/08/2005", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical, Injuries", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): No remaining stocks, no tracing of distribution list. Authorities in search of distribution channels for eventual removal from the market.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ive track. In addition, presence of phthalate plasticisers (DEHP 40.3% and DINP 1.5% banned under national provisions were i", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0475/05", "year": "2005", "week": "35", "date": "02/09/2005", "notifying_country": "Hungary", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Prohibition of distribution ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Chemical risk. The teats contain more DEHP and DINP phthalates than allowed. There is no consumer info", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0471/05", "year": "2005", "week": "35", "date": "02/09/2005", "notifying_country": "Hungary", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Placing on the market prohibited and recall from consumers ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Chemical risk. The teat contains more DEHP phthalate (51.65 g/100g) and DINP phthalate (0.5g /100g) th", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0487/05", "year": "2005", "week": "36", "date": "09/09/2005", "notifying_country": "Hungary", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Placing on the market prohibited and withdrawal from distribution ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "hemical risk. The teat contains forbidden plastic softener (DEHP 31.0 g/100g).", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0548/05", "year": "2005", "week": "41", "date": "14/10/2005", "notifying_country": "Greece", "product_category": "Stationery", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Placing on the market prohibited and withdrawal from distribution ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "cal risk. The eraser contains bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in a 44.8% wt/wt by content. According to the regulation (", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "air", "commerce", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "ethylbenzene": { "slug": "ethylbenzene", "name": "Ethylbenzene", "cas": "100-41-4", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/ethylbenzene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Ethylbenzene (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "whole blood", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 0.118, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Ethylbenzene", "matrix": "Whole blood", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "0.024", "p95": "0.12", "detection_pct": "78.2", "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "current": { "detection_pct": 78.2, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "7522", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "ethylbenzene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/fifth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-6.html#s15-5" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 2004, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 2", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Asp. Tox. 1", "STOT RE 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 2", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "2", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Asp. Tox. 1", "class": "Asp. Tox.", "category": "1", "plain": "aspiration hazard" }, { "code": "STOT RE 2", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "2", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H225", "H304", "H332", "H373" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.224273, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000, "reported_name": "Benzene, ethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "8,500,000,000 – <10,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Ethylbenzene", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.291329, "weight_percent_median": 0.291329, "weight_percent_max": 0.291329, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 7, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.04073, "weight_percent_median": 0.098987, "weight_percent_max": 0.181658, "measurements": 7 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 9, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2004", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.098987, "weight_percent_median": 0.120787, "weight_percent_max": 0.364454, "measurements": 9 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 13, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.029734, "weight_percent_median": 0.120239, "weight_percent_max": 0.219985, "measurements": 13 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 1.020408, "weight_percent_median": 1.110271, "weight_percent_max": 1.492537, "measurements": 4 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.349254, "weight_percent_median": 0.349254, "weight_percent_max": 0.349254, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 1350214.748, "facilities": 1304, "states": 53, "reported_name": "Ethylbenzene", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 20138641.208, "facilities": 1175, "provinces": 11, "reported_name": "Ethylbenzene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Ethylbenzene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 1.0, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 1.1, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.05, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 1.5, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Italy" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0417/08", "year": "2008", "week": "15", "date": "18/04/2008", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Toy binoculars", "brand": "NEW STYLE TELESCOPE", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "irritation, - other chemical substances such as styrene and ethylbenzene.One incident reported.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "lead": { "slug": "lead", "name": "Lead", "cas": "7439-92-1", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/lead", "verdict": { "verdict": "real", "label": "Real — worth checking", "why": "Lead almost never comes from the water supply — it leaches from old pipes, solder, and brass fixtures on the way to your tap. There's no established safe level, and the risk is highest for infants and young children.", "matters": "if your home predates ~1986 or has a lead service line, run the cold tap ~30 seconds before drinking and use a filter certified to NSF/ANSI 53 for lead.", "tiers": [ "regulatory" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Lead (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "blood", "units": "µg/dL", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 0.753, "p95": 2.41, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Lead", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "2 (2009–2011)", "geo_mean": "0.52", "p95": "1.9", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "35571", "cycles": "7", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "lead", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/lead-people-living-canada.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "63" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "63", "substance_name": "Lead", "cas": "7439-92-1", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/64e0e958-99c2-e75e-4fa8-d2b71b18f0b4", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)" ], "first_listed": "27-Jun-2018", "first_listed_iso": "2018-06-27", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Repr. 1A", "Lact.", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Repr. 1A", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1A", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Lact.", "class": "Lact.", "category": null, "plain": "effects on or via lactation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H360FD", "H362", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1A", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes ~90–99% of PFAS (long- and short-chain) plus most dissolved metals, nitrate and fluoride — the broadest single fix.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research; NSF/ANSI 58", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Flush the cold tap + NSF/ANSI 53 lead filter", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Running the cold tap ~30 seconds after it's sat, and using a lead-certified filter, cut lead from old pipes/solder.", "tier": "regulatory", "source": "US EPA lead-in-drinking-water guidance", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-water/basic-information-about-lead-drinking-water" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000, "reported_name": "Lead", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "5,500,000,000 – <7,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5500000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "5,500,000,000 – <7,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5500000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Lead", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 63, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1995", "1997", "1999", "2002", "2003", "2017", "2018", "2019" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0012, "weight_percent_max": 0.015, "measurements": 63 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 68, "draft_profiles": 2, "test_years": [ "2003", "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.025, "weight_percent_max": 0.425, "measurements": 68 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 189, "draft_profiles": 5, "test_years": [ "1988", "1988-1997", "1995", "1995-2001", "1997", "1997, 1998, 2001", "1998", "1998, 2001", "2001", "2002", "2003", "2004", "2021" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.000871, "weight_percent_max": 0.25, "measurements": 189 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0, "weight_percent_max": 0.0, "measurements": 5 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 3234951.124, "facilities": 3673, "states": 52, "reported_name": "Lead", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 14880041.748, "facilities": 2062, "provinces": 13, "reported_name": "Lead (and its compounds)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Lead and Compounds", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.15, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 10.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1366, "sleep_related_alerts": 1, "countries": [ "Bulgaria", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Latvia", "Slovakia", "Sweden", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0175/05", "year": "2005", "week": "14", "date": "08/04/2005", "notifying_country": "Slovakia", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Placing on the market voluntarily stopped, product recall from consumers and consumer information.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Chemical risk. Above-limit lead content in the animals; presence of cyclohexanone (toxic ef", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0430/05", "year": "2005", "week": "32", "date": "12/08/2005", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from distribution and recall from consumers.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "isk to children as it contains excessive amounts of metals (Lead and Chromium) in several of the paints used.This product do", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0422/05", "year": "2005", "week": "32", "date": "12/08/2005", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Placing on the market prohibited and withdrawal from distribution ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "xic hazard to a child as it contains excessive heavy metal (Lead and Chromium) in several of the paints used.This product do", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0421/05", "year": "2005", "week": "32", "date": "12/08/2005", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Placing on the market prohibited and withdrawal from distribution ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "isk to children as it contains excessive amounts of metals (Lead and Chromium) in several of the paints used.This product do", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0577/05", "year": "2005", "week": "45", "date": "11/11/2005", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Import rejected by Finnish Customs authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Chemical risk. Migration of lead (Pb) 770 -1100 mg/kg and migration of chromium (Cr) 90 -130", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0576/05", "year": "2005", "week": "45", "date": "11/11/2005", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Import rejected by Finnish Customs authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Chemical risk. Migration of lead (Pb) 550 mg/kg and migration of chromium (Cr) 100 mg/kg. Th", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "us": { "dataset": "US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) recall database", "source_url": "https://www.saferproducts.gov/", "recall_count": 83, "recalls": [ { "recall_number": "26623", "date": "2026-07-16", "title": "Warren James Recalls the Copper Cup Found in Flashgitz Relic Lunch Boxes Due to Risk of Serious Injury or Death from Lead Poisoning", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2026/Warren-James-Recalls-the-Copper-Cup-Found-in-Flashgitz-Relic-Lunch-Boxes-Due-to-Risk-of-Serious-Injury-or-Death-from-Lead-Poisoning", "evidence_phrase": "Lead Poisoning", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 7,000" ] }, { "recall_number": "26300", "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "TheKiddoSpace Recalls Children's Christmas Tree Play Sets Due to Risk of Injury from Lead Exposure; Violates Federal Lead Content Ban and Mandatory Standard for Toys", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2026/TheKiddoSpace-Recalls-Childrens-Christmas-Tree-Play-Sets-Due-to-Risk-of-Injury-from-Lead-Exposure-Violates-Federal-Lead-Content-Ban-and-Mandatory-Standard-for-Toys", "evidence_phrase": "Violates Federal Lead", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 300" ] }, { "recall_number": "26296", "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "TheKiddoSpace Recalls Children's Flashcard Talking Toys Due to Risk of Injury from Lead and Phthalate Exposure; Violates Federal Lead Content and Phthalates Bans and Standard for Toys", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2026/TheKiddoSpace-Recalls-Childrens-Flashcard-Talking-Toys-Due-to-Risk-of-Injury-from-Lead-and-Phthalate-Exposure-Violates-Federal-Lead-Content-and-Phthalates-Bans-and-Standard-for-Toys", "evidence_phrase": "Violates Federal Lead", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 4,000" ] }, { "recall_number": "26293", "date": "2026-02-26", "title": "TheKiddoSpace Recalls Children's Handwriting Practice Kits Due to Risk of Injury from Lead Exposure; Violates Federal Lead Content Ban", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2026/TheKiddoSpace-Recalls-Childrens-Handwriting-Practice-Kits-Due-to-Risk-of-Injury-from-Lead-Exposure-Violates-Federal-Lead-Content-Ban", "evidence_phrase": "Violates Federal Lead", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 19,700" ] }, { "recall_number": "26001", "date": "2025-10-02", "title": "In Motion Design Recalls Evermore Surprise Eggs Due to Risk of Serious Injury; Violates Federal Lead Content Ban", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2026/In-Motion-Design-Recalls-Evermore-Surprise-Eggs-Due-to-Risk-of-Serious-Injury-Violates-Federal-Lead-Content-Ban", "evidence_phrase": "Violates Federal Lead", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 98,350" ] }, { "recall_number": "25382", "date": "2025-07-10", "title": "SPPTTY Kids Bicycles Recalled Due to Risk of Death or Injury from Lead Poisoning; Violates Federal Lead Content Ban; Sold at Walmart by Shenzhen Yihuachuang Technology", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2025/SPPTTY-Kids-Bicycles-Recalled-Due-to-Risk-of-Death-or-Injury-from-Lead-Poisoning-Violates-Federal-Lead-Content-Ban-Sold-at-Walmart-by-Shenzhen-Yihuachuang-Technology", "evidence_phrase": "Violates Federal Lead", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 200" ] } ], "match_basis": "compound counted only inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction; evidence_phrase records the matched wording" }, "jurisdictions": [ "us", "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "methylene-chloride": { "slug": "methylene-chloride", "name": "Methylene chloride (dichloromethane)", "cas": "75-09-2", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/methylene-chloride", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride) (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "whole blood", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "59" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "59", "substance_name": "Dichloromethane", "cas": "75-09-2", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/0ea58491-bb76-4a47-b1d2-36faa1e0f290", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H351" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.003229, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000, "reported_name": "Methane, dichloro-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Dichloromethane (or methylene chloride)", "source_categories": [ "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.001953, "weight_percent_median": 0.007754, "weight_percent_max": 0.013555, "measurements": 2 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.008305, "weight_percent_median": 1.360256, "weight_percent_max": 3.69636, "measurements": 4 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.036084, "weight_percent_median": 0.186872, "weight_percent_max": 0.646259, "measurements": 4 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 1148729.875, "facilities": 196, "states": 37, "reported_name": "Dichloromethane", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 23264446.59, "facilities": 280, "provinces": 9, "reported_name": "Dichloromethane", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Methylene Chloride", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.6, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 100.0, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.006, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 11.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 16, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Czechia", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "Lithuania", "Poland", "Spain", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "1208/09", "year": "2009", "week": "33", "date": "28/08/2009", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Super glue 502", "brand": "Evo Bond", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "he product poses a chemical risk since it contains over 40% dichloromethane and should therefore be classified as a category-3 carcinog", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0619/12", "year": "2012", "week": "17", "date": "27/04/2012", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Cyanoacrylate glue \"Super Glue - Extra Super Power", "brand": "Angel del Rio", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "it contains 20% chloroform. In addition, it contains 0.08% dichloromethane and 0.03% dichloroethane, as well as other compounds (acryl", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0382/14", "year": "2014", "week": "10", "date": "14/03/2014", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Brake caliper spray paint", "brand": "VHT", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "e number VHT-SP575 contains more than the allowed amount of dichloromethane (measured value 63%). In addition, some of the products con", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0380/14", "year": "2014", "week": "10", "date": "14/03/2014", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Paint Stripper", "brand": "ECOLKEM", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 08/02/2014", "evidence_phrase": "Stripper null The product poses a chemical risk because it contains dichloromethane (measured value: up to 82%). The product does not comply wi", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0393/14", "year": "2014", "week": "10", "date": "14/03/2014", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Paint remover", "brand": "ABRO", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: 24/02/2014", "evidence_phrase": "t poses a chemical risk because, according to the label, it contains dichloromethane in a concentration of 60-100%. The product does not comply", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0237/16", "year": "2016", "week": "8", "date": "26/02/2016", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Insecticide spray", "brand": "Versele-Laga", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 17/12/2015", "evidence_phrase": "red safety cap, while it can contain up to 30% by weight of dichloromethane (according to the safety data sheet). The absence of a chil", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "nickel": { "slug": "nickel", "name": "Nickel", "cas": "7440-02-0", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/nickel", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "Only a problem if you're allergic to it", "why": "Nickel is the single most common metal contact allergen — but that's the whole story for most people. It's in mattress springs and hardware, but bound in steel it isn't a systemic or inhalation risk in the bedroom; the concern is skin contact for the roughly one in ten people who are nickel-sensitive.", "matters": "If you have a known nickel allergy, keep bare skin off exposed metal hardware and choose nickel-free fittings. If you don't, there's nothing here to act on.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Nickel (2017 - 2018)", "matrix": "", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 1.11, "p95": 4.23, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Nickel", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "2 (2009–2011)", "geo_mean": "1.3", "p95": "4.8", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "1207", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "nickel", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/second-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2013.html#a8.12" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1989, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "27" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "27", "substance_name": "Nickel", "cas": "7440-02-0", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/3bbe9024-52a6-8e63-5581-e686331eb459", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "STOT RE 1", "Skin Sens. 1", "Aquatic Chronic 3" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 3", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "3", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H317", "H351", "H372", "H412" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.120231, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000, "reported_name": "Nickel", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "550,000,000 – <700,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Nickel", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 59, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1995", "1999", "2002", "2003", "2017", "2018", "2019" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.000499, "weight_percent_max": 0.083, "measurements": 59 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 51, "draft_profiles": 2, "test_years": [ "2003" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.005, "weight_percent_max": 0.069, "measurements": 51 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 147, "draft_profiles": 5, "test_years": [ "1988", "1988-1997", "1995", "1995-2001", "1997", "1997, 1998, 2001", "1998", "1998, 2001", "2001", "2003", "2021" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 1.6e-05, "weight_percent_max": 0.2405, "measurements": 147 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 6, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0, "weight_percent_max": 0.01, "measurements": 6 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 2955200.58, "facilities": 2296, "states": 49, "reported_name": "Nickel", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 11381439.307, "facilities": 1182, "provinces": 12, "reported_name": "Nickel (and its compounds)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Nickel Soluble Salts", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 1e-05, "inhalation_rfc_source": "ATSDR (draft)", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.01, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.02, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 390.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 501, "sleep_related_alerts": 11, "countries": [ "Bulgaria", "Cyprus", "Czechia", "Finland", "Germany", "Italy", "Poland", "Slovakia", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0555/06", "year": "2006", "week": "34", "date": "01/09/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "The product poses a risk of allergy due to excessive nickel content in the buckle: 3.3 micrograms/cm2/week whereas the", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0046/06", "year": "2006", "week": "5", "date": "10/02/2006", "notifying_country": "Bulgaria", "product_category": "Jewellery", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Placing of the product on the market prohibited by authority. Distributor was obliged to label this article with caution inscriptions.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Nickel content is above admissible value, which upon direct contac", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0012/07", "year": "2006", "week": "52", "date": "12/01/2007", "notifying_country": "Slovakia", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Girl's trousers", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary actions taken by the distributor: withdrawal from the market, recall from consumers, information to consumersDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "sers The analysis of the respective product proved that the nickel content in the metallic parts of trousers exceeds the limit", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0253/07", "year": "2007", "week": "10", "date": "16/03/2007", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Jewellery", "product": "Earrings", "brand": "Fashion Jewellery", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary stop of sales and withdrawal from the market by the supplierDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "n irritation due to release of metal because it contains an excessive level of nickel.The migration value measured in the sample \"plug\" was 4.4 m", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0884/07", "year": "2007", "week": "33", "date": "24/08/2007", "notifying_country": "Bulgaria", "product_category": "Jewellery", "product": "Magnetic earrings for loosing weight", "brand": "Acu Slim", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market, destruction of the product and importation ban ordered by the authorities.Press release has been issued.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "gy because it can not be qualified as golden, but rather as nickel-copper with gold, silver and lead inclusions.The release of", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0560/08", "year": "2008", "week": "20", "date": "23/05/2008", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Top – halter-neck", "brand": "A. B. C. MODA", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "rom a nickel allergy as the metal rings release excessively high levels of nickel.", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": true } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "us": { "dataset": "US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) recall database", "source_url": "https://www.saferproducts.gov/", "recall_count": 1, "recalls": [ { "recall_number": "21082", "date": "2021-02-17", "title": "Primark Recalls Nose Piercing and Body Bars Due to High Levels of Nickel; Risk of Skin Irritation", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2021/Primark-Recalls-Nose-Piercing-and-Body-Bars-Due-to-High-Levels-of-Nickel-Risk-of-Skin-Irritation", "evidence_phrase": "High Levels of Nickel", "injuries": "No incidents or injuries have been reported.", "units": [ "About 800" ] } ], "match_basis": "compound counted only inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction; evidence_phrase records the matched wording" }, "jurisdictions": [ "us", "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "o-toluidine": { "slug": "o-toluidine", "name": "o-Toluidine", "cas": "95-53-4", "family": "dye", "atlas_url": "/atlas/o-toluidine", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 4 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 4th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 4, "period": "2018-2020", "systems_sampled": 5030, "systems_with_detection": 86, "detection_pct": 1.71, "max_ugL": 0.38, "min_reporting_level": 0.007, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 4 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 4, "period": "2018-2020", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 4 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 4th cycle", "analyte": "o-toluidine", "systems_sampled": 5030, "systems_with_detection": 86, "detection_pct": 1.71, "max_ugL": 0.38, "median_detect_ugL": 0.013, "min_reporting_level": 0.007, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary o-Toluidine in Non-smokers (2013 - 2014)", "matrix": "urine", "units": "pg/mL", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": 293.0, "p95": 1560.0, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "carcinogenic" ], "reasons": [ "Carcinogenic (Article 57a)" ], "first_listed": "19-Dec-2012", "first_listed_iso": "2012-12-19", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "Eye Irrit. 2", "Aquatic Acute 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H319", "H331", "H350", "H400" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.000307, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "55,000,000 – <70,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 55000000, "reported_name": "Benzenamine, 2-methyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "55,000,000 – <70,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 55000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "55,000,000 – <70,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 55000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "55,000,000 – <70,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 55000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "70,000,000 – <85,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 70000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 118370.539, "facilities": 12, "states": 7, "reported_name": "o-Toluidine", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Toluidine, o- (Methylaniline, 2-)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.055, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 4.7, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 44, "sleep_related_alerts": 4, "countries": [ "Austria", "Bulgaria", "Denmark", "Germany", "Italy", "Sweden", "The Netherlands" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0735/05", "year": "2006", "week": "1", "date": "13/01/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Public warning published by authority.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "form one of the carcinogenic amines (575 mg/kg of 4-Chloro-o-toluidine was found in the red part of the sling fabric).", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0734/05", "year": "2006", "week": "1", "date": "13/01/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal of the product from distribution by retailer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "form one of the carcinogenic amines (305 mg/kg of 4-Chloro-o-toluidine was found in the red part of the sling fabric).", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0144/09", "year": "2009", "week": "4", "date": "06/02/2009", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Set of coloured wooden pipes", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and withdrawal from the market ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "l risk because it contains azo-dyes, more than 170 mg/kg of O-toluidine. The product does not comply with the Chemical Restrictions", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0507/10", "year": "2010", "week": "11", "date": "19/03/2010", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink", "brand": "Starbrite2", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban, withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "the components of tattoo inks may release aromatic amines (o-toluidine, anisidine, 3,3‘-dichlorobenzidine) which are carcinogenic.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0490/10", "year": "2010", "week": "11", "date": "19/03/2010", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink", "brand": "Skin Candy", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban, withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "the components of tattoo inks may release aromatic amines (o-toluidine) which are carcinogenic.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0634/10", "year": "2010", "week": "15", "date": "16/04/2010", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Baby sling", "brand": "El Puente", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market by the importer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "sk because it releases azodyes in the red material (4-Chlor-o-toluidine: 1471 mg/kg).The product does not comply with the REACH Reg", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "pyrene": { "slug": "pyrene", "name": "Pyrene", "cas": "129-00-0", "family": "pah", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pyrene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "1-Hydroxypyrene", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "4 (2014–2015)", "geo_mean": "0.096", "p95": "0.51", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.9, "detection_year": "2014–2015", "total_n": "7241", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "1-hydroxypyrene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-people.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "1-Hydroxypyrene", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "4 (2014–2015)", "geo_mean": "0.096", "p95": "0.51", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.9, "detection_year": "2014–2015", "total_n": "7241", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "1-hydroxypyrene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-people.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "50a" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "50a", "substance_name": "Pyrene", "cas": "129-00-0", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/2b2f0a5d-a75d-7aa4-fc01-6208b17a52ce", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)", "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "PBT (Article 57d)", "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "15-Jan-2019", "first_listed_iso": "2019-01-15", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Portable HEPA air cleaner, run continuously during a smoke episode", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Cut indoor PM2.5 by 48-78% in seven homes during a 2020 wildfire episode; a systematic review of landscape-fire interventions puts portable air cleaners at 54-92% for PM2.5.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Upgrade central HVAC filtration to MERV 13", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Mechanical ventilation with MERV 5/8 filters reduced landscape-fire PM2.5 indoors by 18-58%; MERV 12/13 achieved up to 87%.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Goodman N et al. (2025). Interventions for reducing exposure to air pollution from landscape fires in a changing environment: A systematic review. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178621" }, { "action": "Launder textiles with a long presoak and a high detergent concentration", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "A 12-hour presoak at a 90:10 water-to-detergent ratio removed 97% of low-molecular-weight PAHs and 78% of high-molecular-weight PAHs from contaminated firefighter fabric, against 11% HMW removal at the 99:1 ratio.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Hossain MT et al. (2024). Assessing the Impact of Pre-Soaking to Enhance Laundering Efficacy of Firefighter Turnout Gear. Toxics.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12080544" }, { "action": "DIY box fan with a MERV 13 filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In a wildfire-season field study, DIY units were associated with a 7-11% reduction in indoor PM2.5 against 18.3% for a commercial unit; bench testing shows they remove 1-2.5 um particles well but fall off as particle size drops.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Prathibha P et al. (2024). Usage and Impact of a Do-It-Yourself Air Cleaner on Residential PM2.5 in a Smoke-Impacted Community. Atmospheric Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120650" }, { "action": "Staying indoors with the windows closed, and nothing else", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Measured smoke infiltration into homes ran 0.33-0.76, so between a third and three quarters of outdoor PM2.5 was still present indoors. The authors state plainly that staying indoors is insufficient on its own.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Normal laundering at the detergent dose on the bottle", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Even at multiples of the manufacturer-recommended surfactant concentration, only about 40% of high-molecular-weight PAHs came out of heavily contaminated fabric. In firefighter uniforms sampled before and after laundering, PAHs fell significantly in only 3 of 16 sampled areas, and flame retardants (OPFRs, PBDEs) showed no significant reduction at all.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Banks APW et al. (2020). Assessing decontamination and laundering processes for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and flame retardants from firefighting uniforms. Environmental Research.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110616" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "895,552", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 895552, "reported_name": "Pyrene", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "895,552", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 895552 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "847,486", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 847486 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,174,588", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1174588 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "886,719", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 886719 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Pyrene", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.001745, "weight_percent_median": 0.001745, "weight_percent_max": 0.001745, "measurements": 1 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 11, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.009819, "weight_percent_median": 0.145289, "weight_percent_max": 0.643392, "measurements": 11 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 6, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998", "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.036286, "weight_percent_median": 0.115276, "weight_percent_max": 0.232516, "measurements": 6 }, "unspecified": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 3.35, "weight_percent_median": 3.35, "weight_percent_max": 3.35, "measurements": 1 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.000372, "weight_percent_median": 0.000372, "weight_percent_max": 0.000372, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "2000-2024", "total_releases_kg": 924679.843, "facilities": 436, "provinces": 11, "reported_name": "Pyrene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Pyrene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.03, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 120.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 94, "sleep_related_alerts": 1, "countries": [ "Denmark", "Finland", "Germany", "Italy", "Slovenia", "Sweden", "The Netherlands" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0904/11", "year": "2011", "week": "36", "date": "09/09/2011", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": "Children's bicycle BMX - 16", "brand": "Mexller", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "nogenic. The total PAH concentration is 1405 mg/kg (benzo(a)pyrene concentration is 56 mg/kg).", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1276/11", "year": "2011", "week": "46", "date": "18/11/2011", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink \"Zuper Black tattoo ink\"", "brand": "Zuper Black", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is 56.6 mg/kg and the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) content is 0.2 mg/kg. The Federal Institute for Risk", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1277/11", "year": "2011", "week": "46", "date": "18/11/2011", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink \"Intenze Lining Black\"", "brand": "Intenze", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is 55.6 mg/kg and the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) content is 0.3 mg/kg. The Federal Institute for Risk", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1348/11", "year": "2011", "week": "48", "date": "02/12/2011", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink \"Makkuro Sumi Dark Gray Tone black tatt", "brand": "Makkuro Sumi", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "tic hydrocarbon (PAH) content is 17.9 mg/kg and the benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) content is 0.2 mg/kg. The Federal Institute for Risk", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0045/13", "year": "2013", "week": "2", "date": "18/01/2013", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink", "brand": "Dragonhawk Tattoo", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "ic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (0.71 mg/kg), with a benzo[a]pyrene content of 0.01 mg/kg, which is classified as carcinogenic.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0064/13", "year": "2013", "week": "3", "date": "25/01/2013", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo Ink", "brand": "Kuro Sumi", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "c aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) (20.13 mg/kg), with a benzo[a]pyrene content of 0.34 mg/kg, which is classified as carcinogenic.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "styrene": { "slug": "styrene", "name": "Styrene", "cas": "100-42-5", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/styrene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Styrene (2001 - 2010)", "matrix": "whole blood", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "09-10", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 0.132, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Styrene", "matrix": "Whole blood", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "0.027", "p95": "0.094", "detection_pct": "89.1", "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "current": { "detection_pct": 89.1, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "7117", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "styrene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/styrene-in-people.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 2016, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 3", "Repr. 2", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "STOT RE 1", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 3", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "3", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "Repr. 2", "class": "Repr.", "category": "2", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H226", "H315", "H319", "H332", "H361d", "H372" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "2", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Portable HEPA air cleaner, run continuously during a smoke episode", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Cut indoor PM2.5 by 48-78% in seven homes during a 2020 wildfire episode; a systematic review of landscape-fire interventions puts portable air cleaners at 54-92% for PM2.5.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Upgrade central HVAC filtration to MERV 13", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Mechanical ventilation with MERV 5/8 filters reduced landscape-fire PM2.5 indoors by 18-58%; MERV 12/13 achieved up to 87%.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Goodman N et al. (2025). Interventions for reducing exposure to air pollution from landscape fires in a changing environment: A systematic review. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178621" }, { "action": "DIY box fan with a MERV 13 filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In a wildfire-season field study, DIY units were associated with a 7-11% reduction in indoor PM2.5 against 18.3% for a commercial unit; bench testing shows they remove 1-2.5 um particles well but fall off as particle size drops.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Prathibha P et al. (2024). Usage and Impact of a Do-It-Yourself Air Cleaner on Residential PM2.5 in a Smoke-Impacted Community. Atmospheric Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120650" }, { "action": "Staying indoors with the windows closed, and nothing else", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Measured smoke infiltration into homes ran 0.33-0.76, so between a third and three quarters of outdoor PM2.5 was still present indoors. The authors state plainly that staying indoors is insufficient on its own.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "8,500,000,000 – <10,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000000, "reported_name": "Benzene, ethenyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "8,500,000,000 – <10,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "8,500,000,000 – <10,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "8,500,000,000 – <10,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Styrene", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.260019, "weight_percent_median": 0.260019, "weight_percent_max": 0.260019, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 25, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010", "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.03899, "weight_percent_median": 0.235448, "weight_percent_max": 0.744652, "measurements": 25 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 7, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.123734, "weight_percent_median": 0.14091, "weight_percent_max": 0.49199, "measurements": 7 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.192449, "weight_percent_median": 0.309792, "weight_percent_max": 0.459167, "measurements": 4 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 1.563628, "weight_percent_median": 1.85996, "weight_percent_max": 2.043597, "measurements": 4 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.490442, "weight_percent_median": 0.490442, "weight_percent_max": 0.490442, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 12132826.598, "facilities": 987, "states": 49, "reported_name": "Styrene", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 52642281.849, "facilities": 560, "provinces": 8, "reported_name": "Styrene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Styrene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 1.0, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 1000.0, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.2, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 1200.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 4, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Italy" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0417/08", "year": "2008", "week": "15", "date": "18/04/2008", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Toy binoculars", "brand": "NEW STYLE TELESCOPE", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ene causing irritation, - other chemical substances such as styrene and ethylbenzene.One incident reported.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1358/12", "year": "2012", "week": "37", "date": "14/09/2012", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink", "brand": "Intenze", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "ing. In addition, it contains aromatic hydrocarbons such as styrene and alpha-methylstyrene which are also toxic.According to t", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1361/12", "year": "2012", "week": "37", "date": "14/09/2012", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink", "brand": "Intenze", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "ing. In addition, it contains aromatic hydrocarbons such as styrene and alpha-methylstyrene which are also toxic.According to t", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1363/12", "year": "2012", "week": "37", "date": "14/09/2012", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink", "brand": "Intenze", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "ing. In addition, it contains aromatic hydrocarbons such as styrene and alpha-methylstyrene which are also toxic.According to t", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "toluene": { "slug": "toluene", "name": "Toluene", "cas": "108-88-3", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/toluene", "verdict": { "verdict": "mild", "label": "Mostly the new-product smell, and it fades", "why": "Toluene is a real developmental toxicant at the doses seen in industrial solvent abuse and factory work — that's why it's on Prop 65. At the concentrations that come off a new mattress or foam product in a ventilated bedroom, it is a fraction of that, and it decays over days.", "matters": "Air out new foam products before sleeping on them and ventilate the room. Beyond that, this is not the compound to spend your worry on.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "inferred" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Toluene (2013 - 2016)", "matrix": "whole blood", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": 0.092, "p95": 0.738, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Toluene", "matrix": "Whole blood", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "0.085", "p95": "0.55", "detection_pct": "99.2", "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.2, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "7391", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "toluene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/fifth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-6.html#s15-13" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1991, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "48" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "48", "substance_name": "Toluene", "cas": "108-88-3", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/f28ce048-676d-4d17-b939-0c08e9a0db9f", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 2", "Repr. 2", "Asp. Tox. 1", "STOT SE 3", "STOT RE 2 *", "Skin Irrit. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 2", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "2", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "Repr. 2", "class": "Repr.", "category": "2", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Asp. Tox. 1", "class": "Asp. Tox.", "category": "1", "plain": "aspiration hazard" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "STOT RE 2 *", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "2 *", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H225", "H304", "H315", "H336", "H361d", "H373" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "2", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Portable HEPA air cleaner, run continuously during a smoke episode", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Cut indoor PM2.5 by 48-78% in seven homes during a 2020 wildfire episode; a systematic review of landscape-fire interventions puts portable air cleaners at 54-92% for PM2.5.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Upgrade central HVAC filtration to MERV 13", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Mechanical ventilation with MERV 5/8 filters reduced landscape-fire PM2.5 indoors by 18-58%; MERV 12/13 achieved up to 87%.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Goodman N et al. (2025). Interventions for reducing exposure to air pollution from landscape fires in a changing environment: A systematic review. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178621" }, { "action": "Ventilation + source control (air out new products)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Fresh-air exchange and airing out new foam/pressed-wood items lowers the VOC and formaldehyde concentration you breathe.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "VOC emission decays with ventilation and time; see the off-gassing article", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/articles/off-gassing" }, { "action": "DIY box fan with a MERV 13 filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In a wildfire-season field study, DIY units were associated with a 7-11% reduction in indoor PM2.5 against 18.3% for a commercial unit; bench testing shows they remove 1-2.5 um particles well but fall off as particle size drops.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Prathibha P et al. (2024). Usage and Impact of a Do-It-Yourself Air Cleaner on Residential PM2.5 in a Smoke-Impacted Community. Atmospheric Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120650" }, { "action": "Staying indoors with the windows closed, and nothing else", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Measured smoke infiltration into homes ran 0.33-0.76, so between a third and three quarters of outdoor PM2.5 was still present indoors. The authors state plainly that staying indoors is insufficient on its own.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Activated-carbon air filter (gas-phase)", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Adsorbs some VOCs and formaldehyde, but saturates and must be replaced; not a permanent fix.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Adsorption behavior of gas-phase carbon media", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/atlas/formaldehyde" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000, "reported_name": "Benzene, methyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Toluene", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 1.873934, "weight_percent_median": 1.873934, "weight_percent_max": 1.873934, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 25, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010", "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.190097, "weight_percent_median": 0.742359, "weight_percent_max": 1.513815, "measurements": 25 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 9, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2004", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.456212, "weight_percent_median": 1.031115, "weight_percent_max": 2.585096, "measurements": 9 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "NMHC": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1986" ], "weight_percent_min": 3.78, "weight_percent_median": 3.78, "weight_percent_max": 3.78, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 15, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.724056, "weight_percent_median": 1.209916, "weight_percent_max": 1.709011, "measurements": 15 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 6.350734, "weight_percent_median": 8.852739, "weight_percent_max": 12.125341, "measurements": 4 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 3.080126, "weight_percent_median": 3.080126, "weight_percent_max": 3.080126, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 9436572.182, "facilities": 1936, "states": 54, "reported_name": "Toluene", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 145132599.414, "facilities": 2345, "provinces": 11, "reported_name": "Toluene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Toluene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 5.0, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 5200.0, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.08, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 1100.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 102, "sleep_related_alerts": 2, "countries": [ "Estonia", "Germany", "Italy", "Latvia", "Lithuania", "Norway", "Slovakia", "Spain", "Sweden", "The Netherlands" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0450/06", "year": "2006", "week": "29", "date": "27/07/2006", "notifying_country": "The Netherlands", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ause the rubber solution contains 64.9 % benzene and 14.4 % toluene.Benzene is classified as carcinogenic category I, mutagenic", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0737/06", "year": "2006", "week": "46", "date": "24/11/2006", "notifying_country": "The Netherlands", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tyre repair kit", "brand": "Jin Shong Che. Ind. Co., Ltd.", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "s because the rubber solution contains 33 % benzene and 22% toluene.Benzene is classified as carcinogenic category I R45, mutag", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0584/07", "year": "2007", "week": "24", "date": "22/06/2007", "notifying_country": "Slovakia", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Yoyo toy – JO JO Mesh Squish Ball", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical, Suffocation", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary stop of import and withdrawal from the market by the importerDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "because it contains volatile chemical substances, including toluene, a- pinane, and ethyl benzene. These substances are harmful", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0576/07", "year": "2007", "week": "24", "date": "22/06/2007", "notifying_country": "Slovakia", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Yoyo toy – JO JO puffer ball", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical, Suffocation", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary stop of import and withdrawal from the market by the importerDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "because it contains volatile chemical substances, including toluene, a- pinane, and ethyl benzene. These substances are harmful", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0891/07", "year": "2007", "week": "34", "date": "31/08/2007", "notifying_country": "Norway", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Inflatable plastic sword \"Pirates of the Caribbean\"", "brand": "Donald Duck & Co", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market and information to consumers ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "of C3-alkyl-benzenes,- small and not quantified amounts of toluene, methyl-isobutylketone, octa-hydro-naftaline, methyl-decali", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1051/07", "year": "2007", "week": "41", "date": "19/10/2007", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Rubber solution (glue) in tubes on which is printed \"RED SUN\" in two different bicycle repair kits", "brand": "ACTech- Goldline Series", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "a rubber solution with higher concentrations of benzene and toluene than permitted. The maximum permitted level of benzene in c", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "trichloroethylene": { "slug": "trichloroethylene", "name": "Trichloroethylene (TCE)", "cas": "79-01-6", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/trichloroethylene", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "Real near contaminated sites — not from your bed", "why": "TCE is a known carcinogen, and where it reaches homes it's usually through vapour intrusion: contaminated groundwater under old industrial or dry-cleaning sites off-gassing up into the building. It is not a mattress or normal-household emission.", "matters": "If you live near a known contaminated site or on a vapour-intrusion watch list, that's a job for testing and, if needed, a sub-slab mitigation system — the same technology as radon. For most homes, this isn't a bedroom exposure.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json", "hazard": "Known human carcinogen (IARC 1)", "persistence": "Persistent in groundwater", "evidence": "Strong" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Trichloroethene (Trichloroethylene) (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "whole blood", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "trichloroethylene", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 2.5, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "7577", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "trichloroethylene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/fifth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-6.html#s15-14" } }, "us_ca_comparable": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_authorisation": { "dataset": "ECHA, Authorisation List (REACH Annex XIV)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/authorisation-list", "on_authorisation_list": true, "earliest_sunset": "21-Apr-2016", "earliest_sunset_iso": "2016-04-21", "sunset_in_force": true, "entries": [ { "entry_no": "15", "substance_name": "Trichloroethylene", "cas": "79-01-6", "latest_application_date": "21-Oct-2014", "sunset_date": "21-Apr-2016", "sunset_date_iso": "2016-04-21", "sunset_passed": true, "intrinsic_property": [ "Carcinogenic (Article 57a)" ] } ], "means": "After the sunset date the substance may not be used or placed on the EU market unless a specific authorisation has been granted for that use." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "carcinogenic" ], "reasons": [ "Carcinogenic (Article 57a)" ], "first_listed": "18-Jun-2010", "first_listed_iso": "2010-06-18", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B", "Muta. 2", "STOT SE 3", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2", "Aquatic Chronic 3" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 2", "class": "Muta.", "category": "2", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 3", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "3", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H315", "H319", "H336", "H341", "H350", "H412" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": "2", "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.014123, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "50,000,000 – <100,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000000, "reported_name": "Ethene, 1,1,2-trichloro-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "50,000,000 – <100,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Trichloroethylene (or Trichloroethene)", "source_categories": [ "prescribed_fire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.000105, "weight_percent_median": 0.000224, "weight_percent_max": 0.000343, "measurements": 2 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 337190.886, "facilities": 91, "states": 29, "reported_name": "Trichloroethylene", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 11064933.312, "facilities": 199, "provinces": 7, "reported_name": "Trichloroethylene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Trichloroethylene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.002, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.48, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0005, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.49, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "France" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/1046/19", "year": "2019", "week": "29", "date": "19/07/2019", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tyre repair kit", "brand": "Tech Max", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 05/06/2019Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 05/06/2019", "evidence_phrase": "Tyre repair kit The glue contains an excessive amount of trichloroethylene (measured value 84% by weight). Trichloroethylene may cause", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 8 }, "1-3-butadiene": { "slug": "1-3-butadiene", "name": "1,3-Butadiene", "cas": "106-99-0", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/1-3-butadiene", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 3 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 3rd cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 3, "period": "2013-2015", "systems_sampled": 4916, "systems_with_detection": 2, "detection_pct": 0.04, "max_ugL": 0.54, "min_reporting_level": 0.1, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 3 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 3, "period": "2013-2015", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 3 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 3rd cycle", "analyte": "1,3-butadiene", "systems_sampled": 4916, "systems_with_detection": 2, "detection_pct": 0.04, "max_ugL": 0.54, "median_detect_ugL": 0.43, "min_reporting_level": 0.1, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Gas 1", "Press. Gas", "Carc. 1A", "Muta. 1B" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Gas 1", "class": "Flam. Gas", "category": "1", "plain": "flammable gas" }, { "code": "Press. Gas", "class": "Press. Gas", "category": null, "plain": "gas under pressure" }, { "code": "Carc. 1A", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1A", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 1B", "class": "Muta.", "category": "1B", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H220", "H340", "H350" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1A", "mutagen": "1B", "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.611856, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000, "reported_name": "1,3-Butadiene", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "1,3-butadiene", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.818924, "weight_percent_median": 0.818924, "weight_percent_max": 0.818924, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 24, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010", "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.114749, "weight_percent_median": 0.842534, "weight_percent_max": 1.52528, "measurements": 24 }, "unspecified": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.52, "weight_percent_median": 0.52, "weight_percent_max": 0.52, "measurements": 1 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 8, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2004", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.264918, "weight_percent_median": 0.499749, "weight_percent_max": 1.196004, "measurements": 8 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 15, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.217217, "weight_percent_median": 0.497036, "weight_percent_max": 1.105831, "measurements": 15 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.680272, "weight_percent_median": 3.022593, "weight_percent_max": 4.850746, "measurements": 4 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.326962, "weight_percent_median": 0.326962, "weight_percent_max": 0.326962, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 523518.272, "facilities": 196, "states": 30, "reported_name": "1,3-Butadiene", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 2356538.209, "facilities": 111, "provinces": 7, "reported_name": "1,3-Butadiene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Butadiene, 1,3-", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.002, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.094, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.071, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "1-4-dichlorobenzene": { "slug": "1-4-dichlorobenzene", "name": "1,4-Dichlorobenzene", "cas": "106-46-7", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/1-4-dichlorobenzene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood 1,4-Dichlorobenzene (p-Dichlorobenzene) (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "whole blood", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 0.744, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "1,4-Dichlorobenzene", "matrix": "Whole blood", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "0.031", "p95": "0.76E", "detection_pct": "69.8", "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "current": { "detection_pct": 69.8, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "2544", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "1,4-dichlorobenzene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/fifth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-6.html#s15-3" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1989, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "64" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "64", "substance_name": "1,4-Dichlorobenzene", "cas": "106-46-7", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/f4a325ee-70ff-4324-ab82-b9cf29c54018", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H319", "H351", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.001024, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "Benzene, 1,4-dichloro-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "50,000,000 – <100,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "50,000,000 – <100,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 15700.985, "facilities": 21, "states": 10, "reported_name": "1,4-Dichlorobenzene", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 265149.458, "facilities": 19, "provinces": 5, "reported_name": "p-Dichlorobenzene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Dichlorobenzene, 1,4-", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.8, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.26, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.07, "oral_rfd_source": "ATSDR", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.48, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 2, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Malta", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0834/11", "year": "2011", "week": "33", "date": "19/08/2011", "notifying_country": "Malta", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Moth balls \"Jolly\"", "brand": "Relevi", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "roduct poses a chemical risk as, according to the label, it contains 1,4-dichlorobenzene. The product does not comply with the Biocides Directive.", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1167/11", "year": "2011", "week": "42", "date": "21/10/2011", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Mothballs \"Moth Balls\"", "brand": "Quick clean", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "ses a chemical risk because it contains Paradichlorobenzene/1,4-dichlorobenzene The product does not comply with the Directive on Biocidal", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "bbp": { "slug": "bbp", "name": "Benzyl butyl phthalate", "cas": "85-68-7", "family": "phth", "atlas_url": "/atlas/bbp", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "Restricted, and mostly on its way out", "why": "Benzyl butyl phthalate is classified as a reproductive toxicant in the EU and is restricted under REACH, so it's being designed out of new products. It persists mainly in older vinyl and in the dust that vinyl sheds.", "matters": "Same lever as the other phthalates: control dust, and prefer non-PVC mattress protectors. Nothing here justifies replacing a mattress you already own.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP)", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "3.9", "p95": "32", "detection_pct": "96.3", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 98.3, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "11024", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-5.html#s14-1" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP)", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "3.9", "p95": "32", "detection_pct": "96.3", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 98.3, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "11024", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-5.html#s14-1" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 2005, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "51" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "51", "substance_name": "Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)", "cas": "85-68-7", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/aaa92146-a005-1dc2-debe-93c80b57c5ee", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_authorisation": { "dataset": "ECHA, Authorisation List (REACH Annex XIV)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/authorisation-list", "on_authorisation_list": true, "earliest_sunset": null, "earliest_sunset_iso": null, "sunset_in_force": null, "entries": [ { "entry_no": "05", "substance_name": "Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP)", "cas": "85-68-7", "latest_application_date": "21-Aug-2013", "sunset_date": null, "sunset_date_iso": null, "sunset_passed": null, "intrinsic_property": [] } ], "means": "After the sunset date the substance may not be used or placed on the EU market unless a specific authorisation has been granted for that use." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction", "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)", "Endocrine disrupting properties (Article 57(f) - human health)" ], "first_listed": "28-Oct-2008", "first_listed_iso": "2008-10-28", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Repr. 1B", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H360Df", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Damp-dusting + HEPA vacuuming (weekly)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "A randomized housing intervention including dust mitigation was associated with ~23% lower urinary DEHP metabolites in young children (95% CI −38 to −3).", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Fossa et al. 2024, Environment International", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108994" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000, "reported_name": "1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1-butyl 2-(phenylmethyl) ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 210349.821, "facilities": 51, "provinces": 4, "reported_name": "Butyl benzyl phthalate", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Butyl Benzyl Phthalate", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.2, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 16.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 23, "sleep_related_alerts": 2, "countries": [ "Belgium", "Cyprus", "Czechia", "Estonia", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Norway", "Poland", "Sweden", "The Netherlands", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "1335/10", "year": "2010", "week": "35", "date": "03/09/2010", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Nail polish - Nail Polish BT", "brand": "Beauty Treats", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and withdrawal from the market ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "product poses a chemical risk because it contains 2.3 g/kg benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) which is prohibited in cosmetic products by the Cosme", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0382/14", "year": "2014", "week": "10", "date": "14/03/2014", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Brake caliper spray paint", "brand": "VHT", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ane (measured value 63%). In addition, some of the products contain benzyl butyl phthalate and the labels do not bear the required danger signs and in", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/2054/14", "year": "2014", "week": "50", "date": "19/12/2014", "notifying_country": "Estonia", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Loom bands with charms", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 24/11/2014", "evidence_phrase": "Loom bands with charms null The charms contain benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) (measured value: 32% by weight). This phthalate may h", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0451/15", "year": "2015", "week": "14", "date": "10/04/2015", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Loom bands with charms", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: 20/02/2015", "evidence_phrase": "-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP), (dibutyl phthalate) (DBP) and benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) (measured values for DEHP: up to1.8% by weight). Thes", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0313/17", "year": "2017", "week": "11", "date": "17/03/2017", "notifying_country": "The Netherlands", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Wooden toy", "brand": "Ceba", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 02/10/2016", "evidence_phrase": "he transparent varnish and the printed coatings on the wood contain benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) (measured value up to 1.27 % by weight). This phthala", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00542/20", "year": "2020", "week": "15", "date": "10/04/2020", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Make up toy set", "brand": "Jocestyle", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Removal of this product listing by the online marketplaceDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "an excessive amount of bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP)(measured combined value:", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "commerce", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "chromium": { "slug": "chromium", "name": "Chromium", "cas": "7440-47-3", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/chromium", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 3 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 3rd cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 3, "period": "2013-2015", "systems_sampled": 4922, "systems_with_detection": 3660, "detection_pct": 74.36, "max_ugL": 130.0, "min_reporting_level": 0.2, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 3 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 3, "period": "2013-2015", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 3 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 3rd cycle", "analyte": "chromium", "systems_sampled": 4922, "systems_with_detection": 3660, "detection_pct": 74.36, "max_ugL": 130.0, "median_detect_ugL": 0.49, "min_reporting_level": 0.2, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Chromium (2015 - 2018)", "matrix": "blood", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 0.67, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "chromium", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.6, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "1207", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "chromium", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-2.html#s8-5" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1987, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000, "reported_name": "Chromium", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "550,000,000 – <700,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "550,000,000 – <700,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "550,000,000 – <700,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Chromium", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 52, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1995", "1999", "2002", "2017", "2018", "2019" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.000578, "weight_percent_max": 0.0087, "measurements": 52 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 40, "draft_profiles": 2, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.003, "weight_percent_max": 0.113, "measurements": 40 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 153, "draft_profiles": 5, "test_years": [ "1988", "1988-1997", "1995", "1995-2001", "1997", "1997, 1998, 2001", "1998", "1998, 2001", "2001", "2003", "2021" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0, "weight_percent_max": 0.076863, "measurements": 153 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 6, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0, "weight_percent_max": 0.0, "measurements": 6 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 3335079.791, "facilities": 2253, "states": 50, "reported_name": "Chromium", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 5997372.523, "facilities": 1389, "provinces": 12, "reported_name": "Chromium (and its compounds)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 752, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Belgium", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Italy", "Latvia", "Poland", "Slovakia", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0235/05", "year": "2005", "week": "19", "date": "13/05/2005", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Protective equipment", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and information of the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "emical risk. Presence of banned azocolourants and levels of Chromium VI above the allowed limits.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0430/05", "year": "2005", "week": "32", "date": "12/08/2005", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from distribution and recall from consumers.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ildren as it contains excessive amounts of metals (Lead and Chromium) in several of the paints used.This product does not comply", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0422/05", "year": "2005", "week": "32", "date": "12/08/2005", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Placing on the market prohibited and withdrawal from distribution ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "d to a child as it contains excessive heavy metal (Lead and Chromium) in several of the paints used.This product does not comply", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0421/05", "year": "2005", "week": "32", "date": "12/08/2005", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Placing on the market prohibited and withdrawal from distribution ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ildren as it contains excessive amounts of metals (Lead and Chromium) in several of the paints used.This product does not comply", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0513/05", "year": "2005", "week": "38", "date": "22/09/2005", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Protective equipment", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Placing on the market voluntarily stopped.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "t glove components exceed the maximum allowed quantities of Chromium VI (179; 255; and 299 mg/kg instead of 3 mg/kg). The gloves", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0554/05", "year": "2005", "week": "42", "date": "21/10/2005", "notifying_country": "Hungary", "product_category": "Construction products", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market and sale ban ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "The chromium content is higher than allowed (2 mg/kg):1) 5.1 mg/kg,2) 4.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "us": { "dataset": "US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) recall database", "source_url": "https://www.saferproducts.gov/", "recall_count": 1, "recalls": [ { "recall_number": "20127", "date": "2020-05-27", "title": "Primark Recalls Kitten Heel Court Shoes Due to High Levels of Chromium; Risk of Skin Irritation", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2020/Primark-Recalls-Kitten-Heel-Court-Shoes-Due-to-High-Levels-of-Chromium-Risk-of-Skin-Irritation", "evidence_phrase": "High Levels of Chromium", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 1,700" ] } ], "match_basis": "compound counted only inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction; evidence_phrase records the matched wording" }, "jurisdictions": [ "us", "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "chrysene": { "slug": "chrysene", "name": "Chrysene", "cas": "218-01-9", "family": "pah", "atlas_url": "/atlas/chrysene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "3-hydroxychrysene", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.1, "detection_year": "2014–2015", "total_n": "7493", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "3-hydroxychrysene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-people.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "3-hydroxychrysene", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.1, "detection_year": "2014–2015", "total_n": "7493", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "3-hydroxychrysene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-people.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1990, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "50", "50a" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "50", "substance_name": "Chrysen (CHR)", "cas": "218-01-9", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/4f099937-658f-8b86-2f62-5e767fab4d6e", "conditions_text": null }, { "entry_no": "50a", "substance_name": "Chrysen (CHR)", "cas": "218-01-9", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/2b2f0a5d-a75d-7aa4-fc01-6208b17a52ce", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "carcinogenic", "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)", "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "Carcinogenic (Article 57a)", "PBT (Article 57d)", "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "15-Jan-2018", "first_listed_iso": "2018-01-15", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B", "Muta. 2", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 2", "class": "Muta.", "category": "2", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H341", "H350", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": "2", "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "587,236", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 587236, "reported_name": "Chrysene", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "587,236", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 587236 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "511,282", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 511282 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "801,109", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 801109 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "580,169", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 580169 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Chrysene", "source_categories": [ "residential_wood" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 10, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.002552, "weight_percent_median": 0.011723, "weight_percent_max": 0.023515, "measurements": 10 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.024858, "weight_percent_median": 0.041215, "weight_percent_max": 0.078565, "measurements": 4 }, "unspecified": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 2.39, "weight_percent_median": 2.39, "weight_percent_max": 2.39, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "2000-2024", "total_releases_kg": 243326.867, "facilities": 315, "provinces": 10, "reported_name": "Chrysene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Chrysene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 1.7, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 25.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 29, "sleep_related_alerts": 2, "countries": [ "Austria", "Cyprus", "Finland", "Germany", "Norway", "Sweden", "The Netherlands" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/1755/16", "year": "2016", "week": "51", "date": "23/12/2016", "notifying_country": "The Netherlands", "product_category": "Hand tools", "product": "Hammer", "brand": "Work-It", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 14/10/2016", "evidence_phrase": "e handle contains the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) Chrysene (measured concentration 214 mg/kg). This PAH are carcinogen", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0290/17", "year": "2017", "week": "10", "date": "10/03/2017", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Hobby/sports equipment", "product": "Curry comb for horse grooming", "brand": "Hansbo", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)s, including benzo(a)pyrene and chrysene (measured values: benzo(a)pyrene: 37,75 mg/kg; chrysene: 65", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0900/17", "year": "2017", "week": "28", "date": "14/07/2017", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Flip flops", "brand": "Primark", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 19/06/2017Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 19/06/2017", "evidence_phrase": "contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including chrysene (measured values: chrysen: up to 2.9 mg/kg; total of PAHs u", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "A12/1792/17", "year": "2017", "week": "50", "date": "15/12/2017", "notifying_country": "Norway", "product_category": "Hobby/sports equipment", "product": "Door gym bar", "brand": "Chrome", "risk_type": "Chemical, Environment", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Warning consumers of the risksDate of entry into force: 15/08/2017Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 15/08/2017", "evidence_phrase": "affins (SCCP) and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) chrysene (measured value: 7.5 mg/kg). SCCPs persist in the environme", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0480/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Other - -", "product": "Suitcase", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 10/01/2018", "evidence_phrase": "alue: 73 mg/kg), benzo(e)pyrene (measured value: 75 mg/kg), chrysene (measured value up to: 180 mg/kg). These PAHs are carcinoge", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0469/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Other - -", "product": "Hot water bottle", "brand": "Basic Concept", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "material contains the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) chrysene (measured value: 2.8 mg/kg). Chrysene is carcinogenic. The", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "dbp": { "slug": "dbp", "name": "Dibutyl phthalate", "cas": "84-74-2", "family": "phth", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dbp", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "Real for the young — and largely restricted now", "why": "Dibutyl phthalate is a recognised reproductive toxicant, which is exactly why the EU and US restricted it in toys and childcare articles. The catch: those restrictions cover toys, not mattresses, so it can still appear in soft plastics near the bed.", "matters": "It lives in dust, and the body clears it in hours — so damp-dusting and vacuuming genuinely lower your load. Reducing soft PVC near the bed helps more than worrying.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Mono-3-hydroxy-n-butyl phthalate (3OH-MBP)", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "1.7", "p95": "9.2", "detection_pct": "98.9", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.7, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "11006", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-5.html#s14-1" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Mono-3-hydroxy-n-butyl phthalate (3OH-MBP)", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "1.7", "p95": "9.2", "detection_pct": "98.9", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.7, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "11006", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-5.html#s14-1" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 2005, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "51" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "51", "substance_name": "Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)", "cas": "84-74-2", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/aaa92146-a005-1dc2-debe-93c80b57c5ee", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_authorisation": { "dataset": "ECHA, Authorisation List (REACH Annex XIV)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/authorisation-list", "on_authorisation_list": true, "earliest_sunset": null, "earliest_sunset_iso": null, "sunset_in_force": null, "entries": [ { "entry_no": "06", "substance_name": "Dibutyl phthalate (DBP)", "cas": "84-74-2", "latest_application_date": "21-Aug-2013", "sunset_date": null, "sunset_date_iso": null, "sunset_passed": null, "intrinsic_property": [] } ], "means": "After the sunset date the substance may not be used or placed on the EU market unless a specific authorisation has been granted for that use." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction", "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)", "Endocrine disrupting properties (Article 57(f) - environment)", "Endocrine disrupting properties (Article 57(f) - human health)" ], "first_listed": "28-Oct-2008", "first_listed_iso": "2008-10-28", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Repr. 1B", "Aquatic Acute 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H360Df", "H400" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Damp-dusting + HEPA vacuuming (weekly)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "A randomized housing intervention including dust mitigation was associated with ~23% lower urinary DEHP metabolites in young children (95% CI −38 to −3).", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Fossa et al. 2024, Environment International", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108994" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000, "reported_name": "1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-dibutyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 64891.12, "facilities": 41, "states": 22, "reported_name": "Dibutyl phthalate", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 111087.515, "facilities": 61, "provinces": 5, "reported_name": "Dibutyl phthalate", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Dibutyl Phthalate", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.1, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 900.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 759, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Cyprus", "Czechia", "Estonia", "Finland", "Germany", "Greece", "Ireland", "Latvia", "Poland", "Slovenia", "The Netherlands" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0209/06", "year": "2006", "week": "14", "date": "14/04/2006", "notifying_country": "Poland", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Sale of the product has been banned by the authority. Voluntary withdrawal from the market.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Product contains dibutyl phthalate (DBP) which has been classified “toxic to reproduction” (ca", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0314/06", "year": "2006", "week": "22", "date": "09/06/2006", "notifying_country": "Latvia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and withdrawal of the product from the market ordered by the authority.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "The product contains 3.2% dibutyl phthalate which is toxic for reproductive system. The product does no", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0739/06", "year": "2006", "week": "46", "date": "24/11/2006", "notifying_country": "The Netherlands", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Nail Polish", "brand": "Casuelle Cosmetics", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "This product poses a chemical risks to consumers because it contains Dibutyl Phthalate (4,0 % and 5,4 %) which may cause harm to the unborn child", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0738/06", "year": "2006", "week": "46", "date": "24/11/2006", "notifying_country": "The Netherlands", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Make-up kit", "brand": "Casuelle Cosmetics", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market by the importer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "This product poses a chemical risks to consumers because it contains dibutyl phthalate at level of 6.8 %. Dibutyl phthalate is classified as possi", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0839/06", "year": "2006", "week": "49", "date": "15/12/2006", "notifying_country": "Cyprus", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Maximum “10” Strengthener", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and recall from consumers ordered by the authorityDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Maximum “10” Strengthener The product contains Dibutyl Phthalate which is listed in the Cosmetics Directive as a prohibited", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0838/06", "year": "2006", "week": "49", "date": "15/12/2006", "notifying_country": "Cyprus", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Nailgrowth miracle", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and recall from consumers ordered by the authorityDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Nailgrowth miracle The product contains Dibutyl Phthalate which is listed in the Cosmetics Directive as a prohibited", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "commerce", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "fluoranthene": { "slug": "fluoranthene", "name": "Fluoranthene", "cas": "206-44-0", "family": "pah", "atlas_url": "/atlas/fluoranthene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "3-hydroxyfluoranthene", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 1.3, "detection_year": "2014–2015", "total_n": "6841", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "3-hydroxyfluoranthene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-people.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "3-hydroxyfluoranthene", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 1.3, "detection_year": "2014–2015", "total_n": "6841", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "3-hydroxyfluoranthene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-people.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "50a" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "50a", "substance_name": "Fluoranthene", "cas": "206-44-0", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/2b2f0a5d-a75d-7aa4-fc01-6208b17a52ce", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)", "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "PBT (Article 57d)", "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "15-Jan-2019", "first_listed_iso": "2019-01-15", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "781,487", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 781487, "reported_name": "Fluoranthene", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "781,487", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 781487 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "682,390", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 682390 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,089,214", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1089214 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "873,657", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 873657 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Fluoranthene", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.002771, "weight_percent_median": 0.002771, "weight_percent_max": 0.002771, "measurements": 1 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 11, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.016014, "weight_percent_median": 0.189994, "weight_percent_max": 0.713763, "measurements": 11 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 6, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998", "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.050398, "weight_percent_median": 0.14265, "weight_percent_max": 0.322434, "measurements": 6 }, "unspecified": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 3.63, "weight_percent_median": 3.63, "weight_percent_max": 3.63, "measurements": 1 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.000446, "weight_percent_median": 0.000446, "weight_percent_max": 0.000446, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "2000-2024", "total_releases_kg": 977096.777, "facilities": 440, "provinces": 11, "reported_name": "Fluoranthene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Fluoranthene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.04, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 800.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 23, "sleep_related_alerts": 3, "countries": [ "Austria", "Cyprus", "Finland", "Germany", "Italy", "Norway", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/1223/17", "year": "2017", "week": "37", "date": "15/09/2017", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Other - -", "product": "Steering wheel cover", "brand": "Akhan", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "benzo(e)pyrene (measured value up to: 39.5 mg/kg), benzo(j)fluoranthene (measured value up to: 49 mg/kg). These PAHs are carcinogen", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1392/18", "year": "2018", "week": "39", "date": "28/09/2018", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Men’s shoes", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 05/09/2018", "evidence_phrase": "ic hydrocarbons (PAHs) benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(e)pyrene, d", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "A12/1590/18", "year": "2018", "week": "43", "date": "26/10/2018", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Other - -", "product": "Trolley suitcase", "brand": "it Luggage", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 05/10/2018", "evidence_phrase": "and triphenylene (measured value up to: 6.7 mg/kg), benz(b)fluoranthene and benz(k)fluoranthene (measured value up to 7.6 mg/kg) an", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0041/19", "year": "2019", "week": "2", "date": "11/01/2019", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Hand tools", "product": "Wrench", "brand": "Tomber", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 13/12/2018", "evidence_phrase": "rysene and triphenylene (measured value: 3.9 mg/kg), benz(b)fluoranthene, benzo(j)fluoranthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene (measured va", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0242/19", "year": "2019", "week": "6", "date": "08/02/2019", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Other - -", "product": "Trolley suitcase", "brand": "CAVALIER", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 21/01/2019", "evidence_phrase": "benz[a]anthracene (measured value up to 160 mg/kg), benzo[b]fluoranthene + benzo[j]fluoranthene + benzo[k]fluoranthene (measured val", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1001/19", "year": "2019", "week": "27", "date": "05/07/2019", "notifying_country": "Austria", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Plastic spiders", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 18/06/2019", "evidence_phrase": "benzo(e)pyrene (measured value up to: 133 mg/kg) + benzo(b)fluoranthene measured value up to: 63 mg/kg), chrysene (measured value u", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "genx": { "slug": "genx", "name": "GenX (HFPO-DA)", "cas": "13252-13-6", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/genx", "verdict": { "verdict": "real", "label": "Real, mostly regional", "why": "GenX was the 'safer' PFOA substitute that became its own crisis on North Carolina's Cape Fear River. It is now federally regulated at 10 ng/L. Detected in about 0.5% of systems nationally, but concentrated near its industrial source — a regional problem more than a national one. 16 systems were over the limit.", "matters": "mainly relevant downstream of fluoropolymer manufacturing; check your local Consumer Confidence Report if you are in an affected region.", "tiers": [ "regulatory" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 47, "detection_pct": 0.46, "max_ugL": 0.14, "min_reporting_level": 0.005, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": 0.01, "systems_above_mcl": 16, "cycles_measured": [ 5 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (GenX)", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 47, "detection_pct": 0.46, "max_ugL": 0.14, "median_detect_ugL": 0.008, "min_reporting_level": 0.005, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": 0.01, "systems_above_mcl": 16 } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum GenX (2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)-propanoic acid (HFPO-DA)) (2017 - 2018)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Equivalent level of concern having probable serious effects to human health (Article 57(f) - human health)", "Equivalent level of concern having probable serious effects to the environment (Article 57(f) - environment)" ], "first_listed": "16-Jul-2019", "first_listed_iso": "2019-07-16", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes ~90–99% of PFAS (long- and short-chain) plus most dissolved metals, nitrate and fluoride — the broadest single fix.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research; NSF/ANSI 58", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "250,000 – <550,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000, "reported_name": "Propanoic acid, 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-2-(1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropoxy)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <550,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "550,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "550,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <550,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 3798.81, "facilities": 15, "states": 12, "reported_name": "Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": true }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Hexafluoropropylene oxide dimer acid (HFPO-DA)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 3e-06, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.015, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "manganese": { "slug": "manganese", "name": "Manganese", "cas": "7439-96-5", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/manganese", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "A private-well problem, worst for kids", "why": "Manganese is an essential nutrient in the diet but a neurotoxicant in excess, with a children's-IQ signal from drinking-water exposure. It's almost entirely a private-well issue — public systems treat for it — and it stains fixtures black-brown, which often warns you before the health limit does.", "matters": "On a private well, test for it, and act above the 0.3 mg/L health-advisory level — sooner if infants drink the water. Reverse osmosis removes it; carbon pitchers don't.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 4 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 4th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 4, "period": "2018-2020", "systems_sampled": 5034, "systems_with_detection": 4527, "detection_pct": 89.93, "max_ugL": 3960.0, "min_reporting_level": 0.4, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 4, 3 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 4, "period": "2018-2020", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 4 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 4th cycle", "analyte": "manganese", "systems_sampled": 5034, "systems_with_detection": 4527, "detection_pct": 89.93, "max_ugL": 3960.0, "median_detect_ugL": 6.7, "min_reporting_level": 0.4, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null }, { "cycle": 3, "period": "2013-2015", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 3 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 3rd cycle", "analyte": "manganese", "systems_sampled": 799, "systems_with_detection": 668, "detection_pct": 83.6, "max_ugL": 3550.0, "median_detect_ugL": 12.0, "min_reporting_level": 1.0, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Manganese (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "blood", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 9.52, "p95": 16.5, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Manganese", "matrix": "Whole blood", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "2 (2009–2011)", "geo_mean": "9.8", "p95": "15", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "15412", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "manganese", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/second-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2013.html#a8.9" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000, "reported_name": "Manganese", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Manganese", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 62, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1995", "1997", "1999", "2002", "2003", "2017", "2018", "2019" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.001142, "weight_percent_max": 0.058, "measurements": 62 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 72, "draft_profiles": 2, "test_years": [ "2003", "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.018, "weight_percent_max": 1.45, "measurements": 72 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 173, "draft_profiles": 5, "test_years": [ "1988", "1988-1997", "1995", "1995-2001", "1997", "1997, 1998, 2001", "1998", "1998, 2001", "2001", "2003", "2004", "2021" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.001, "weight_percent_max": 0.2559, "measurements": 173 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 6, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0, "weight_percent_max": 0.0, "measurements": 6 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 5197519.511, "facilities": 2028, "states": 50, "reported_name": "Manganese", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 66375439.064, "facilities": 2070, "provinces": 13, "reported_name": "Manganese (and its compounds)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Manganese (Non-diet)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 5e-05, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.052, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.024, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 430.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "France" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0412/19", "year": "2019", "week": "11", "date": "15/03/2019", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Water colour paint set", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ble damage to the reproductive system. The dark brown paint contains manganese (measured value: 4777 mg/kg) that exceeds the migration lim", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "mercury": { "slug": "mercury", "name": "Mercury", "cas": "7439-97-6", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/mercury", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "Real — but it comes from fish", "why": "Methylmercury is a genuine neurotoxicant and it is measurable in most people's blood. The route, though, is diet — large predatory fish — not the sleep environment.", "matters": "It matters most in pregnancy and early childhood. Follow the fish advisories; there's nothing to do about mercury in your bedroom.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Total Mercury (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "blood", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 0.643, "p95": 3.87, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "mercury (total)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 97.5, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "1209", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mercury (total)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/mercury-people-living-canada.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1990, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "18a" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "18a", "substance_name": "Mercury", "cas": "7439-97-6", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/dbcaaec7-bd5b-4a7d-b164-23fa97950a86", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Repr. 1B", "Acute Tox. 2 *", "STOT RE 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 2 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "2 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H330", "H360D", "H372", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "63,224", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 63224, "reported_name": "Mercury", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "63,224", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 63224 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "67,973", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 67973 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "98,625", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 98625 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "99,379", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 99379 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Mercury", "source_categories": [ "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 49, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1995", "1999", "2002", "2017", "2018", "2019" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0003, "weight_percent_max": 0.003387, "measurements": 49 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 144, "draft_profiles": 5, "test_years": [ "1988", "1988-1997", "1995", "1995-2001", "1997", "1997, 1998, 2001", "1998", "1998, 2001", "2001", "2003", "2021" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0, "weight_percent_max": 0.012, "measurements": 144 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 61260.792, "facilities": 310, "states": 47, "reported_name": "Mercury", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 111085.332, "facilities": 986, "provinces": 13, "reported_name": "Mercury (and its compounds)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Mercury (elemental)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.0003, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.31, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.63, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 128, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Denmark", "France", "Germany", "Norway", "Sweden", "The Netherlands", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0356/06", "year": "2006", "week": "24", "date": "23/06/2006", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): No measures adopted.Date of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): No measures adopted.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Risks linked to the presence of mercury. Severe erythematous, oedematous eczema appeared five hours", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0491/06", "year": "2006", "week": "31", "date": "11/08/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban ordered by the authority.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "This product poses a risk of chronic mercury poisoning if used over an extended period. Sample contains 5.0% of a", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0811/06", "year": "2006", "week": "48", "date": "08/12/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Face cream", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban ordered by the authorityDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "risk to consumers because they contain excessive amount of mercury: Yellow cream (jar 1): 7100 mg/kg; White cream (jar 2): 660", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0733/07", "year": "2007", "week": "29", "date": "27/07/2007", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Freckle cream NEW", "brand": "Stillmann's", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "erious risk of poisoning because it contains 42000 mg/kg of mercury.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0732/07", "year": "2007", "week": "29", "date": "27/07/2007", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Herbal cream", "brand": "Fasco", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "serious risk of poisoning because it contains 440 mg/kg of mercury.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0723/07", "year": "2007", "week": "29", "date": "27/07/2007", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Freckle cream", "brand": "Stillmann´s", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "oses a risk of poisoning because it contains 39000 mg/kg of mercury.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "perchloroethylene": { "slug": "perchloroethylene", "name": "Perchloroethylene (PERC)", "cas": "127-18-4", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/perchloroethylene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Tetrachloroethene (Perchloroethylene) (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "whole blood", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 0.072, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "tetrachloroethylene", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 73.3, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "7467", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "tetrachloroethylene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/fifth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-6.html#s15-11" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Aquatic Chronic 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 2", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "2", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H351", "H411" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.004038, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000, "reported_name": "Ethene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Perchloroethylene (or Tetrachloroethylene)", "source_categories": [ "prescribed_fire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.000263, "weight_percent_median": 0.001167, "weight_percent_max": 0.002071, "measurements": 2 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 375616.95, "facilities": 175, "states": 33, "reported_name": "Tetrachloroethylene", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 2675403.012, "facilities": 162, "provinces": 7, "reported_name": "Tetrachloroethylene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Tetrachloroethylene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.04, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 11.0, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.006, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 11.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "pfoa": { "slug": "pfoa", "name": "Perfluorooctanoic acid", "cas": "335-67-1", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pfoa", "verdict": { "verdict": "real", "label": "Real, newly regulated", "why": "PFOA and PFOS show up in many US water systems — but levels vary enormously between utilities, and 2024 brought the first enforceable federal limits (4 ng/L). It's a real concern where present, not a universal emergency.", "matters": "check your utility's PFAS results in its annual report. If elevated, reverse osmosis or a certified activated-carbon filter is what actually removes them — most pitchers don't.", "tiers": [ "peer-reviewed", "regulatory" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 1288, "detection_pct": 12.52, "max_ugL": 0.235, "min_reporting_level": 0.004, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": 0.004, "systems_above_mcl": 1259, "cycles_measured": [ 5, 3 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "Perfluorooctanoic acid", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 1288, "detection_pct": 12.52, "max_ugL": 0.235, "median_detect_ugL": 0.0066, "min_reporting_level": 0.004, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": 0.004, "systems_above_mcl": 1259 }, { "cycle": 3, "period": "2013-2015", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 3 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 3rd cycle", "analyte": "Perfluorooctanoic acid", "systems_sampled": 4920, "systems_with_detection": 117, "detection_pct": 2.38, "max_ugL": 0.349, "median_detect_ugL": 0.031, "min_reporting_level": 0.02, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": 0.004, "systems_above_mcl": 117 } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum n-Perfluorooctanoic acid (n-PFOA) (2013 - 2018)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 1.32, "p95": 3.7, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)", "matrix": "Plasma", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "1.3", "p95": "3.1", "detection_pct": "100", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 2017, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction", "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)", "PBT (Article 57d)" ], "first_listed": "20-Jun-2013", "first_listed_iso": "2013-06-20", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Repr. 1B", "Lact.", "Acute Tox. 4", "STOT RE 1", "Eye Dam. 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Lact.", "class": "Lact.", "category": null, "plain": "effects on or via lactation" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Eye Dam. 1", "class": "Eye Dam.", "category": "1", "plain": "serious eye damage" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H318", "H332", "H351", "H360D", "H362", "H372" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), its salts and PFOA-related compounds", "cas": "335-67-1", "ec_number": "206-397-9", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Art. 4(1)(b) applies to concentrations of PFOA or any of its salts at or below 0,025 mg/kg.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "'and others' in both CAS and EC columns", "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes ~90–99% of PFAS (long- and short-chain) plus most dissolved metals, nitrate and fluoride — the broadest single fix.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research; NSF/ANSI 58", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Anion-exchange resin filter", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes both long- AND short-chain PFAS better than carbon; also targets nitrate and chromium-6.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Certified granular activated carbon (GAC) filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Good for long-chain PFAS (PFOA/PFOS) and for disinfection byproducts and VOCs — but short-chain PFAS break through quickly.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Brita Elite pitcher filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Removes ~78% of PFOA/PFOS in independent testing — modest, and ONLY the Elite (not Standard/Stream).", "tier": "industry", "source": "Environmental Working Group filter testing", "source_url": "https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/" }, { "action": "Avoid stain-/water-proofed textiles and grease-proof packaging", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Cuts a real PFAS input route — treated carpets, upholstery, 'stain-resistant' fabrics and fast-food wrappers shed PFAS into dust and food.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "PFAS source-reduction rationale; see the PFAS pages", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/pfas-tap-water" }, { "action": "Standard carbon pitcher (Brita Standard/Stream, most “water filter” pitchers)", "effect": "none", "efficacy": "Does NOT remove PFAS. Built for taste/chlorine, not forever chemicals.", "tier": "industry", "source": "Environmental Working Group filter testing; manufacturer specs", "source_url": "https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/" }, { "action": "Boiling the water", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "Does NOT remove PFAS, nitrate, or algal toxins — and CONCENTRATES them as water evaporates.", "tier": "regulatory", "source": "US EPA PFAS guidance", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 87844.255, "facilities": 23, "states": 15, "reported_name": "Perfluorooctanoic acid", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": true }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 3e-08, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 2.7e-06, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 12, "sleep_related_alerts": 2, "countries": [ "Belgium", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Norway" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/01289/22", "year": "2022", "week": "37", "date": "16/09/2022", "notifying_country": "Norway", "product_category": "Kitchen/cooking accessories", "product": "Muffin forms", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical, Environment", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 02/05/2022", "evidence_phrase": "duct contains an excessive amount of Perfluorooctanic acid (PFOA) (measured value: 0,054 mg/kg) which comes in direct contac", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/03653/24", "year": "2024", "week": "50", "date": "13/12/2024", "notifying_country": "Luxembourg", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eyeliner", "brand": "Pat McGrath Labs", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 08/07/2024", "evidence_phrase": "intentionally added perfluorononyl dimethicone, which is a perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) related compound. PFOA’s pose a risk to human health", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/03656/24", "year": "2024", "week": "50", "date": "13/12/2024", "notifying_country": "Luxembourg", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eye liner", "brand": "Charlotte Tilbury", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 08/07/2024", "evidence_phrase": "intentionally added perfluorononyl dimethicone, which is a perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) related compound. PFOAs pose a risk to human health", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/03652/24", "year": "2024", "week": "50", "date": "13/12/2024", "notifying_country": "Luxembourg", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eyeliner", "brand": "Charlotte Tilbury", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 08/07/2024", "evidence_phrase": "intentionally added perfluorononyl dimethicone, which is a perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) related compound. PFOAs pose a risk to human health", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/03654/24", "year": "2024", "week": "50", "date": "13/12/2024", "notifying_country": "Luxembourg", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eye liner", "brand": "L'Atelier du sourcil", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 08/07/2024", "evidence_phrase": "intentionally added perfluorononyl dimethicone, which is a perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) related compound. PFOAs pose a risk to human health", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/03650/24", "year": "2024", "week": "50", "date": "13/12/2024", "notifying_country": "Luxembourg", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eye pencil", "brand": "KIKO", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 08/07/2024", "evidence_phrase": "intentionally added perfluorononyl dimethicone, which is a perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) related compound. PFOAs pose a risk to human health", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "phenol": { "slug": "phenol", "name": "Phenol", "cas": "108-95-2", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/phenol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Phenol", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "2 (2009–2011)", "geo_mean": "6.6", "p95": "34", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Phenol", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "2 (2009–2011)", "geo_mean": "6.6", "p95": "34", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": false }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Muta. 2", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "STOT RE 2 *", "Skin Corr. 1B" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Muta. 2", "class": "Muta.", "category": "2", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 2 *", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "2 *", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Corr. 1B", "class": "Skin Corr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "skin corrosion" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H311", "H314", "H331", "H341", "H373" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": "2", "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000, "reported_name": "Phenol", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Phenol (or carbolic acid)", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 25, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010", "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.018923, "weight_percent_median": 1.482253, "weight_percent_max": 3.399888, "measurements": 25 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 7, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.018923, "weight_percent_median": 0.993412, "weight_percent_max": 1.593752, "measurements": 7 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.442839, "weight_percent_median": 1.528679, "weight_percent_max": 2.756569, "measurements": 5 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 4.789568, "weight_percent_median": 5.311128, "weight_percent_max": 5.832687, "measurements": 2 }, "unspecified": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 6.84, "weight_percent_median": 6.84, "weight_percent_max": 6.84, "measurements": 1 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 1.519628, "weight_percent_median": 1.519628, "weight_percent_max": 1.519628, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 2493481.549, "facilities": 421, "states": 45, "reported_name": "Phenol", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 12917001.332, "facilities": 439, "provinces": 9, "reported_name": "Phenol (and its salts)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Phenol", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.2, "inhalation_rfc_source": "Cal EPA", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 210.0, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.3, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 5800.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 21, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Austria", "Czechia", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Ireland", "Latvia", "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0565/05", "year": "2005", "week": "44", "date": "04/11/2005", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Decorative articles", "product": "Wall stickers", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and distribution ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "s Chemical risk. High content of toxic volatile substances (phenol and higher secondary alcohols).", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0042/07", "year": "2007", "week": "2", "date": "19/01/2007", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Doll set 'Little Ones'", "brand": "Kid Kore", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "product poses a chemical risk because the shoes of the doll contain phenol at level of 980 mg/kg whereas the limit is 150 mg/kg. Pheno", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0128/08", "year": "2008", "week": "4", "date": "01/02/2008", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Cleaning product - Kir Cöz Teppich-, Polstergarnitur- und Gardinenreiniger - Carpet & Upholstery Cleaner", "brand": "Levent Kimya San. Tic.A.S.", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market by the retailer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "a chemical risk because it contains 0.1 % or more of nonyl phenol ethoxylate.The product does not comply with the Chemicals R", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0095/08", "year": "2008", "week": "4", "date": "01/02/2008", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Inflatable swim ring - \"Trendy Summer Beach\" swim ring (50 cm)", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market by the distributor.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "thalate allowed in toys is 0.1%,- migration of the solvents phenol (129 mg/kg) and 3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one or isoph", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0181/10", "year": "2010", "week": "6", "date": "12/02/2010", "notifying_country": "Latvia", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Paint pail slime - Paint Pail -o- Slime", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market, recall from consumers and destruction of the products.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "duct poses a chemical risk because it contains 285 mg/kg of phenol.The product does not comply with the Toys Directive and wit", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0334/11", "year": "2011", "week": "15", "date": "15/04/2011", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Henna paste \"Kone Henna Paste\"", "brand": "Bajwa", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "product poses a chemical risk because it contains 5.65% of phenol which causes skin corrosion. The product does not comply wi", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "quinoline": { "slug": "quinoline", "name": "Quinoline", "cas": "91-22-5", "family": "dye", "atlas_url": "/atlas/quinoline", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 4 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 4th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 4, "period": "2018-2020", "systems_sampled": 5030, "systems_with_detection": 76, "detection_pct": 1.51, "max_ugL": 1.5, "min_reporting_level": 0.02, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 4 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 4, "period": "2018-2020", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 4 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 4th cycle", "analyte": "quinoline", "systems_sampled": 5030, "systems_with_detection": 76, "detection_pct": 1.51, "max_ugL": 1.5, "median_detect_ugL": 0.0315, "min_reporting_level": 0.02, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B", "Muta. 2", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2", "Aquatic Chronic 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 2", "class": "Muta.", "category": "2", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 2", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "2", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H312", "H315", "H319", "H341", "H350", "H411" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": "2", "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000, "reported_name": "Quinoline", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "400,000 – <550,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "700,000 – <850,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 700000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "550,000 – <700,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Quinoline", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.061677, "weight_percent_median": 0.061677, "weight_percent_max": 0.061677, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 149.685, "facilities": 8, "states": 5, "reported_name": "Quinoline", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1999-2024", "total_releases_kg": 7867.379, "facilities": 32, "provinces": 6, "reported_name": "Quinoline", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Quinoline", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.024, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "France" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0749/15", "year": "2015", "week": "24", "date": "19/06/2015", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Fabric dye", "brand": "Yorkshire", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Fabric dye null The product contains 0.4% of quinoline yet the presence of the substance and its classification as", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "environment", "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "selenium": { "slug": "selenium", "name": "Selenium", "cas": "7782-49-2", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/selenium", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Selenium (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "blood", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 188.0, "p95": 232.0, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Selenium", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "2 (2009–2011)", "geo_mean": "51", "p95": "130", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "24535", "cycles": "5", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "selenium", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-2.html#s8-7" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 3 *", "STOT RE 2 *", "Aquatic Chronic 4" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 2 *", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "2 *", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 4", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "4", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H331", "H373", "H413" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000, "reported_name": "Selenium", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "400,000 – <550,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Selenium", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 60, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1995", "1997", "1999", "2002", "2003", "2017", "2018", "2019" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0002, "weight_percent_max": 0.01, "measurements": 60 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2003", "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0, "weight_percent_max": 0.0001, "measurements": 4 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 151, "draft_profiles": 5, "test_years": [ "1988", "1988-1997", "1995", "1995-2001", "1997", "1997, 1998, 2001", "1998", "1998, 2001", "2001", "2003", "2021" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0, "weight_percent_max": 0.0046, "measurements": 151 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0, "weight_percent_max": 0.0, "measurements": 5 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 214740.433, "facilities": 24, "states": 13, "reported_name": "Selenium", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 3866386.172, "facilities": 550, "provinces": 12, "reported_name": "Selenium (and its compounds)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Selenium", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.02, "inhalation_rfc_source": "Cal EPA", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 21.0, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.005, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 100.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 3, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "France", "Lithuania" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/02568/24", "year": "2024", "week": "37", "date": "13/09/2024", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Hair paste", "brand": "Sulsena", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Hair paste According to the list of ingredients the product contains selenium disulphide which is prohibited in certain cosmetic products", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "SR/01142/25", "year": "2025", "week": "13", "date": "28/03/2025", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Face mask", "brand": "KURKU-MA", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 03/01/2025Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 10/01/2025", "evidence_phrase": "roduct has an excessive concentration of antimony, arsenic, selenium, barium, cobalt and zirconium (measured value up to 0.10 mg", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "SR/04277/25", "year": "2025", "week": "50", "date": "12/12/2025", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Hair wax", "brand": "RED ONE", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 03/11/2025Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Removal of this product listing by the online marketplaceDate of entry into force: 09/12/2025", "evidence_phrase": "Hair wax The product contains antimony, lead and selenium (measured values: <0.10 mg/kg, 2.58 mg/kg and 0.31 mg/kg, r", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "tdcpp": { "slug": "tdcpp", "name": "TDCPP (chlorinated tris)", "cas": "13674-87-8", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/tdcpp", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "Real — but mostly an older-mattress problem", "why": "For decades, foam was loaded with flame-retardant chemicals — chlorinated tris (TDCPP) and the now-banned PBDEs — that migrate into house dust. Since California's 2015 rule change, new US mattresses largely comply without them, and a 2018 law bans them outright in mattresses.", "matters": "the concern is concentrated in older foam — pre-2015 mattresses and hand-me-downs. For a new mattress, verify flame-retardant-free on the label.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 95.2, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "2398", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/organophosphate-flame-retardants-in-people.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 95.2, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "2398", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCPP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/organophosphate-flame-retardants-in-people.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 2011, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H351" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Damp-dusting + HEPA vacuuming (weekly)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "A randomized housing intervention including dust mitigation was associated with ~23% lower urinary DEHP metabolites in young children (95% CI −38 to −3).", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Fossa et al. 2024, Environment International", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108994" }, { "action": "Mattress cover / dust-mite encasement", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Homes using a mattress cover had measurably lower DEHP in settled dust in a Canadian cohort.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Zhang et al. 2023, CHILD cohort (as cited on the DEHP page)", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/atlas/dehp" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000, "reported_name": "2-Propanol, 1,3-dichloro-, 2,2',2''-phosphate", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "4,000,000 – <5,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "5,000,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "5,000,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 736.897, "facilities": 5, "states": 5, "reported_name": "Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Tris(1,3-Dichloro-2-propyl) Phosphate", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.02, "oral_rfd_source": "ATSDR", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 360.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 1, "countries": [ "Denmark" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0814/15", "year": "2015", "week": "26", "date": "03/07/2015", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": "Mattress for carry cot", "brand": "Carena", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 25/03/2015Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 25/03/2015", "evidence_phrase": "s the flame retardant tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)phosphate (TDCPP) which is carcinogenic (measured values: quantity 89700 mg/", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "commerce", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "xylenes": { "slug": "xylenes", "name": "Xylenes (o-, m-, p-)", "cas": "1330-20-7", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/xylenes", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "m-xylene and p-xylene", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 98.2, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "7407", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "m-xylene and p-xylene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/fifth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-6.html#s15-16" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "m-xylene and p-xylene", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 98.2, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "7407", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "m-xylene and p-xylene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/fifth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-6.html#s15-16" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Portable HEPA air cleaner, run continuously during a smoke episode", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Cut indoor PM2.5 by 48-78% in seven homes during a 2020 wildfire episode; a systematic review of landscape-fire interventions puts portable air cleaners at 54-92% for PM2.5.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Upgrade central HVAC filtration to MERV 13", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Mechanical ventilation with MERV 5/8 filters reduced landscape-fire PM2.5 indoors by 18-58%; MERV 12/13 achieved up to 87%.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Goodman N et al. (2025). Interventions for reducing exposure to air pollution from landscape fires in a changing environment: A systematic review. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178621" }, { "action": "DIY box fan with a MERV 13 filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In a wildfire-season field study, DIY units were associated with a 7-11% reduction in indoor PM2.5 against 18.3% for a commercial unit; bench testing shows they remove 1-2.5 um particles well but fall off as particle size drops.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Prathibha P et al. (2024). Usage and Impact of a Do-It-Yourself Air Cleaner on Residential PM2.5 in a Smoke-Impacted Community. Atmospheric Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120650" }, { "action": "Staying indoors with the windows closed, and nothing else", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Measured smoke infiltration into homes ran 0.33-0.76, so between a third and three quarters of outdoor PM2.5 was still present indoors. The authors state plainly that staying indoors is insufficient on its own.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000, "reported_name": "Benzene, dimethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000,000 – <15,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Isomers of xylene", "source_categories": [ "prescribed_fire", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 21, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.103779, "weight_percent_median": 0.375377, "weight_percent_max": 0.811918, "measurements": 21 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 3, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.247468, "weight_percent_median": 0.3911, "weight_percent_max": 0.756908, "measurements": 3 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 7449153.304, "facilities": 1761, "states": 54, "reported_name": "Xylene (mixed isomers)", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 159111286.942, "facilities": 2310, "provinces": 11, "reported_name": "Xylene (all isomers)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Xylenes", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.1, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 100.0, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.2, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 190.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 3, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Denmark", "Norway" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0891/07", "year": "2007", "week": "34", "date": "31/08/2007", "notifying_country": "Norway", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Inflatable plastic sword \"Pirates of the Caribbean\"", "brand": "Donald Duck & Co", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market and information to consumers ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "micals:- 100-1000 mg/kg of cyclohexanone, - 10-100 mg/kg of xylenes, - 10-100 mg/kg of C3-alkyl-benzenes,- small and not quanti", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1634/18", "year": "2018", "week": "44", "date": "02/11/2018", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Squeezable toy", "brand": "Amigazone", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): The product listing has been removed from the online marketplaceDate of entry into force: 22/08/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 22/08/2018", "evidence_phrase": "ine and 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine as well as xylenes. There is a risk of eye and mucous membrane irritation, liv", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1627/18", "year": "2018", "week": "44", "date": "02/11/2018", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Squeezable toy", "brand": "Hui Chen", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 20/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 20/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 20/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 20/06/2018", "evidence_phrase": "hylenediamine, 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine and xylenes. There is a risk of eye and mucous membrane irritation, of", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "remediation", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 7 }, "2-methoxyethanol": { "slug": "2-methoxyethanol", "name": "2-Methoxyethanol", "cas": "109-86-4", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/2-methoxyethanol", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 4 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 4th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 4, "period": "2018-2020", "systems_sampled": 5029, "systems_with_detection": 65, "detection_pct": 1.29, "max_ugL": 125.36, "min_reporting_level": 0.4, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 4 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 4, "period": "2018-2020", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 4 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 4th cycle", "analyte": "2-methoxyethanol", "systems_sampled": 5029, "systems_with_detection": 65, "detection_pct": 1.29, "max_ugL": 125.36, "median_detect_ugL": 0.89, "min_reporting_level": 0.4, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1989, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)" ], "first_listed": "15-Dec-2010", "first_listed_iso": "2010-12-15", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 3", "Repr. 1B", "Acute Tox. 4 *" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 3", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "3", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H226", "H302", "H312", "H332", "H360FD" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000, "reported_name": "Ethanol, 2-methoxy-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 10614.541, "facilities": 18, "states": 13, "reported_name": "2-Methoxyethanol", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 137226.5, "facilities": 19, "provinces": 3, "reported_name": "2-Methoxyethanol", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Methoxyethanol, 2-", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.007, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA PPRTV", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 7.3, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.005, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 13.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "The Netherlands" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0666/05", "year": "2005", "week": "50", "date": "16/12/2005", "notifying_country": "The Netherlands", "product_category": "Construction products", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): The importer voluntarily stopped distribution of the product.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "This product contains 2-methoxyethanol (39.8%) which is classified as reprotoxic cat. II (R60 and", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "environment", "regulatory", "commerce", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "acenaphthene": { "slug": "acenaphthene", "name": "Acenaphthene", "cas": "83-32-9", "family": "pah", "atlas_url": "/atlas/acenaphthene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "50a" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "50a", "substance_name": "Acenaphthene", "cas": "83-32-9", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/2b2f0a5d-a75d-7aa4-fc01-6208b17a52ce", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0, "reported_name": "Acenaphthylene, 1,2-dihydro-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "14,748", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 14748 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "51,060", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 51060 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Acenaphthene", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.016429, "weight_percent_median": 0.016429, "weight_percent_max": 0.016429, "measurements": 1 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.002037, "weight_percent_median": 0.005512, "weight_percent_max": 0.011899, "measurements": 5 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 6, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998", "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.00907, "weight_percent_median": 0.018842, "weight_percent_max": 0.034515, "measurements": 6 }, "unspecified": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 1.22, "weight_percent_median": 1.22, "weight_percent_max": 1.22, "measurements": 1 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.01345, "weight_percent_median": 0.01345, "weight_percent_max": 0.01345, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "2006-2024", "total_releases_kg": 150512.461, "facilities": 216, "provinces": 10, "reported_name": "Acenaphthene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Acenaphthene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.06, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 530.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Italy" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0813/13", "year": "2013", "week": "26", "date": "05/07/2013", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Motor vehicles", "product": "Car steering wheel cover", "brand": "D-GEAR", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: 29/05/2013", "evidence_phrase": "derivatives including naphtalene, benzothiazole, crinoline, acenaphthene, dibenzofuran, anthracene and others. Cancerous effects, ge", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "acrolein": { "slug": "acrolein", "name": "Acrolein", "cas": "107-02-8", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/acrolein", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 2", "Acute Tox. 1", "Acute Tox. 3", "Acute Tox. 2", "Skin Corr. 1B", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 2", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "2", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 1", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "1", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 2", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "2", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Corr. 1B", "class": "Skin Corr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "skin corrosion" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H225", "H300", "H311", "H314", "H330", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Portable HEPA air cleaner, run continuously during a smoke episode", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Cut indoor PM2.5 by 48-78% in seven homes during a 2020 wildfire episode; a systematic review of landscape-fire interventions puts portable air cleaners at 54-92% for PM2.5.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Upgrade central HVAC filtration to MERV 13", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Mechanical ventilation with MERV 5/8 filters reduced landscape-fire PM2.5 indoors by 18-58%; MERV 12/13 achieved up to 87%.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Goodman N et al. (2025). Interventions for reducing exposure to air pollution from landscape fires in a changing environment: A systematic review. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178621" }, { "action": "DIY box fan with a MERV 13 filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In a wildfire-season field study, DIY units were associated with a 7-11% reduction in indoor PM2.5 against 18.3% for a commercial unit; bench testing shows they remove 1-2.5 um particles well but fall off as particle size drops.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Prathibha P et al. (2024). Usage and Impact of a Do-It-Yourself Air Cleaner on Residential PM2.5 in a Smoke-Impacted Community. Atmospheric Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120650" }, { "action": "Staying indoors with the windows closed, and nothing else", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Measured smoke infiltration into homes ran 0.33-0.76, so between a third and three quarters of outdoor PM2.5 was still present indoors. The authors state plainly that staying indoors is insufficient on its own.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000, "reported_name": "2-Propenal", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Acrolein (or 2-propenal)", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 25, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010", "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.231065, "weight_percent_median": 2.594606, "weight_percent_max": 3.624026, "measurements": 25 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 7, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.681329, "weight_percent_median": 0.736225, "weight_percent_max": 1.137845, "measurements": 7 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.178402, "weight_percent_median": 0.473832, "weight_percent_max": 0.942067, "measurements": 5 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.70247, "weight_percent_median": 0.727537, "weight_percent_max": 0.752605, "measurements": 2 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.635346, "weight_percent_median": 0.635346, "weight_percent_max": 0.635346, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 399493.532, "facilities": 144, "states": 28, "reported_name": "Acrolein", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "2000-2024", "total_releases_kg": 2522585.561, "facilities": 103, "provinces": 9, "reported_name": "Acrolein", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Acrolein", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 2e-05, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.021, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0005, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.042, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "remediation", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "acrylamide": { "slug": "acrylamide", "name": "Acrylamide", "cas": "79-06-1", "family": "acryl", "atlas_url": "/atlas/acrylamide", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Acrylamide (2013 - 2016)", "matrix": "hemoglobin adduct", "units": "pmol/g hemoglobin", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": 47.7, "p95": 146.0, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Acrylamide haemoglobin adduct", "matrix": "Whole blood", "units": "pmol/g Hb", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "73", "p95": "220", "detection_pct": "100", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "10094", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "acrylamide haemoglobin adduct", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/acrylamide-in-people.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1990, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "60" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "60", "substance_name": "Acrylamide", "cas": "79-06-1", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/701f6c15-98ec-4611-ac63-35fcca2e4047", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "carcinogenic", "mutagenic" ], "reasons": [ "Carcinogenic (Article 57a)", "Mutagenic (Article 57b)" ], "first_listed": "30-Mar-2010", "first_listed_iso": "2010-03-30", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B", "Muta. 1B", "Repr. 2", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "STOT RE 1", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2", "Skin Sens. 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 1B", "class": "Muta.", "category": "1B", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "Repr. 2", "class": "Repr.", "category": "2", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H312", "H315", "H317", "H319", "H332", "H340", "H350", "H361f", "H372" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": "1B", "reprotoxicant": "2", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.00169, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000, "reported_name": "2-Propenamide", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 2590122.767, "facilities": 66, "states": 24, "reported_name": "Acrylamide", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 12729.059, "facilities": 22, "provinces": 3, "reported_name": "Acrylamide", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Acrylamide", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.006, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.01, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.002, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.05, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "aniline": { "slug": "aniline", "name": "Aniline", "cas": "62-53-3", "family": "dye", "atlas_url": "/atlas/aniline", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1990, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Muta. 2", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "STOT RE 1", "Eye Dam. 1", "Skin Sens. 1", "Aquatic Acute 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 2", "class": "Muta.", "category": "2", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Eye Dam. 1", "class": "Eye Dam.", "category": "1", "plain": "serious eye damage" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H311", "H317", "H318", "H331", "H341", "H351", "H372", "H400" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": "2", "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 7.5e-05, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000, "reported_name": "Benzenamine", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 1096803.471, "facilities": 35, "states": 15, "reported_name": "Aniline", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1994-2024", "total_releases_kg": 1690.7, "facilities": 15, "provinces": 4, "reported_name": "Aniline (and its salts)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Aniline", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.001, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 1.0, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.007, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 13.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 17, "sleep_related_alerts": 4, "countries": [ "Denmark", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Hungary", "Italy", "Latvia", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0525/08", "year": "2008", "week": "19", "date": "16/05/2008", "notifying_country": "Hungary", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Corduroy jeans for girls", "brand": "Fortunate", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "s The product poses a chemical risk because the presence of aniline that might have developed from prohibited aromatic amines,", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0977/09", "year": "2009", "week": "28", "date": "24/07/2009", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Scarf", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market by the importerRecall from consumers by the importer ordered by the authorities. Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "olour releases:Benzidine 617 mg/kg;4-Aminobiphenyl 67 mg/kg;Aniline > 100mg/kg.These substances exceed the limit of 30 mg/kg. T", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0285/09", "year": "2009", "week": "7", "date": "27/02/2009", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Black leather gloves", "brand": "ASC Trading Yiwu (RMB)", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers by the importer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "es: - benzidine 1.504 mg/kg, - 4-aminobiphenyl 177 mg/kg, - aniline 1.367 mg/kg. This product does not comply with the Chemical", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0432/10", "year": "2010", "week": "9", "date": "05/03/2010", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "1. Body, 2. Overall", "brand": "Mansikka-Marja, Baby", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Import rejected by the customs authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "niline that is poisonous and has a carcinogenic effect. The aniline levels measured in the analysis of azocolourants were 1100 mg/kg o", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "1513/11", "year": "2011", "week": "52", "date": "30/12/2011", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink:1. Intenze Cherry Bomb 2. Inten", "brand": "Intenze", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "2. Inten null The product poses a chemical risk because it contains Aniline, which is carcinogenic. In addition, the product may cause", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1515/11", "year": "2011", "week": "52", "date": "30/12/2011", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink:1.Tattoo ink: Tattoo Red 2.Tatt", "brand": "Tattoo", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "ed 2.Tatt null The product poses a chemical risk because it contains Aniline, which is carcinogenic. In addition, the product may cause", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "anthracene": { "slug": "anthracene", "name": "Anthracene", "cas": "120-12-7", "family": "pah", "atlas_url": "/atlas/anthracene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 2023, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "50a" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "50a", "substance_name": "Anthracene", "cas": "120-12-7", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/2b2f0a5d-a75d-7aa4-fc01-6208b17a52ce", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)" ], "reasons": [ "PBT (Article 57d)" ], "first_listed": "28-Oct-2008", "first_listed_iso": "2008-10-28", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "311,796", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 311796, "reported_name": "Anthracene", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "311,796", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 311796 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "222,302", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 222302 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "220,082", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 220082 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "362,603", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 362603 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Anthracene", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.007666, "weight_percent_median": 0.007666, "weight_percent_max": 0.007666, "measurements": 1 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 11, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.006085, "weight_percent_median": 0.029238, "weight_percent_max": 0.241272, "measurements": 11 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 6, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998", "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.023653, "weight_percent_median": 0.042993, "weight_percent_max": 0.115804, "measurements": 6 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.00301, "weight_percent_median": 0.00301, "weight_percent_max": 0.00301, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 14759.229, "facilities": 89, "states": 29, "reported_name": "Anthracene", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 310285.189, "facilities": 197, "provinces": 9, "reported_name": "Anthracene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Anthracene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.3, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 1800.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 30, "sleep_related_alerts": 4, "countries": [ "Austria", "Croatia", "Cyprus", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "Norway", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0813/13", "year": "2013", "week": "26", "date": "05/07/2013", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Motor vehicles", "product": "Car steering wheel cover", "brand": "D-GEAR", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: 29/05/2013", "evidence_phrase": "lene, benzothiazole, crinoline, acenaphthene, dibenzofuran, anthracene and others. Cancerous effects, genotoxic properties, and ha", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0907/17", "year": "2017", "week": "28", "date": "14/07/2017", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Other - -", "product": "Trolley suitcase", "brand": "LEONARDO", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: 23/05/2017Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 26/06/2017", "evidence_phrase": ", benzo(e)pyrene (measured value up to: 9.1 mg/kg), benzo(a)anthracene (measured value up to: 64 mg/kg). These PAHs are carcinogen", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1392/18", "year": "2018", "week": "39", "date": "28/09/2018", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Men’s shoes", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 05/09/2018", "evidence_phrase": "contain the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) benz(a)anthracene, chrysene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene and b", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "A12/1590/18", "year": "2018", "week": "43", "date": "26/10/2018", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Other - -", "product": "Trolley suitcase", "brand": "it Luggage", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 05/10/2018", "evidence_phrase": "AHs) benzo(a)pyrene (measured value up to 12 mg/kg), benz(a)anthracene (measured value up to 39 mg/kg), chrysene and triphenylene", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1612/18", "year": "2018", "week": "44", "date": "02/11/2018", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Hobby/sports equipment", "product": "Water shoes", "brand": "Aqua Sphere", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 15/10/2018", "evidence_phrase": "contain the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) benz(a)anthracene (measured value 2.4 mg/kg), chrysene (measured value 1.2 mg", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0041/19", "year": "2019", "week": "2", "date": "11/01/2019", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Hand tools", "product": "Wrench", "brand": "Tomber", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 13/12/2018", "evidence_phrase": "mg/kg), benzo(e)pyrene (measured value: 2.5 mg/kg), benz(a)anthracene (measured value: 6 mg/kg), chrysene and triphenylene (measu", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "barium": { "slug": "barium", "name": "Barium", "cas": "7440-39-3", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/barium", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Barium (2011 - 2018)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 1.07, "p95": 5.28, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "barium", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 98.9, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "1209", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "barium", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/water-quality/water-talk-barium-in-drinking-water.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000, "reported_name": "Barium", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Barium", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 49, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1995", "1999", "2002", "2017", "2018", "2019" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.000775, "weight_percent_max": 0.035928, "measurements": 49 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 164, "draft_profiles": 5, "test_years": [ "1988", "1988-1997", "1995", "1995-2001", "1997", "1997, 1998, 2001", "1998", "1998, 2001", "2001", "2003", "2021" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.001375, "weight_percent_max": 0.16, "measurements": 164 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 6, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0, "weight_percent_max": 0.0, "measurements": 6 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 718834.41, "facilities": 54, "states": 31, "reported_name": "Barium", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Barium", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.0005, "inhalation_rfc_source": "HEAST", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.52, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.2, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 3800.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 52, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Austria", "Belgium", "Croatia", "Czechia", "Denmark", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Italy", "Slovakia", "Spain", "Sweden", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0694/06", "year": "2006", "week": "42", "date": "27/10/2006", "notifying_country": "Slovakia", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary stop of sales and withdrawal from the market by the distributor and the supplier.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "cause dark-blue wax crayon contains excessive quantities of barium (Ba content 1790.0±14.3).This product does not comply with", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0294/07", "year": "2007", "week": "12", "date": "30/03/2007", "notifying_country": "Greece", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Make-up set", "brand": "PRETTY MISS", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "poses a risk of poisoning to children because migration of barium from the red eye-shadow is 1747mg/kg and from the red lipst", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0760/07", "year": "2007", "week": "30", "date": "03/08/2007", "notifying_country": "Belgium", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Party Pack Face Colour", "brand": "KAI XIN", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market by the importer/distributorDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Chromium, 49 mg/kg Arsenic, 765 mg/kg Antimony, 7160 mg/kg Barium. The presence of the metals in cosmetics is restricted by t", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1207/07", "year": "2007", "week": "46", "date": "23/11/2007", "notifying_country": "Hungary", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Watercolours - 16 Washable watercolours (includes paintbrush)", "brand": "TESCO", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers.Press release has been issued.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ious risk of poisoning because the migrated amount of lead, barium and chromium is higher than permitted.The product does not", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1258/07", "year": "2007", "week": "48", "date": "07/12/2007", "notifying_country": "Slovakia", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Wax crayons (Voskové pastelky) - Student Quality OIL PASTELS.", "brand": "Faming.", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban, withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers ordered by the authority. Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "because the turquoise-blue crayon contains 1145,2 mg/kg of barium (Ba) and the navy-blue crayon contains 1897,0 mg/kg of bari", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1363/07", "year": "2007", "week": "51", "date": "04/01/2008", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "100-piece wooden train set", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers by the distributor. Press release has been issued.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "roduct poses a risk of poisoning because of the presence of barium in the red covering of the figurines in the barrel.The prod", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "benz-a-anthracene": { "slug": "benz-a-anthracene", "name": "Benz[a]anthracene", "cas": "56-55-3", "family": "pah", "atlas_url": "/atlas/benz-a-anthracene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "50", "50a" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "50", "substance_name": "Benzo[a]anthracene (BaA)", "cas": "56-55-3", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/4f099937-658f-8b86-2f62-5e767fab4d6e", "conditions_text": null }, { "entry_no": "50a", "substance_name": "Benzo[a]anthracene (BaA)", "cas": "56-55-3", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/2b2f0a5d-a75d-7aa4-fc01-6208b17a52ce", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "carcinogenic", "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)", "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "Carcinogenic (Article 57a)", "PBT (Article 57d)", "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "15-Jan-2018", "first_listed_iso": "2018-01-15", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H350", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "640,745", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 640745, "reported_name": "Benz[a]anthracene", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "640,745", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 640745 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "559,749", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 559749 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "877,648", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 877648 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "631,978", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 631978 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Benz(a)anthracene", "source_categories": [ "residential_wood" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 10, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.001413, "weight_percent_median": 0.009552, "weight_percent_max": 0.023122, "measurements": 10 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998", "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.00043, "weight_percent_median": 0.028345, "weight_percent_max": 0.079473, "measurements": 5 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "2000-2024", "total_releases_kg": 233899.928, "facilities": 351, "provinces": 10, "reported_name": "Benz[a]anthracene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Benz[a]anthracene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.017, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.03, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 2, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Finland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0242/19", "year": "2019", "week": "6", "date": "08/02/2019", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Other - -", "product": "Trolley suitcase", "brand": "CAVALIER", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 21/01/2019", "evidence_phrase": "ontain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including : benz[a]anthracene (measured value up to 160 mg/kg), benzo[b]fluoranthene + be", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00010/22", "year": "2022", "week": "1", "date": "07/01/2022", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Hand tools", "product": "Hammer", "brand": "Fixit Tools", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 22/12/2021", "evidence_phrase": "f polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (measured values: benz[a]anthracene 120 mg/kg, chrysene 49 mg/kg, benzo[b]fluoranthene 14 mg/kg", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "bpa": { "slug": "bpa", "name": "Bisphenol A", "cas": "80-05-7", "family": "bis", "atlas_url": "/atlas/bpa", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "Real — but it's a food story, not a bedroom one", "why": "BPA is an endocrine disruptor and it's measurable in the urine of nearly everyone tested, which sounds alarming until you ask where it comes from: overwhelmingly food packaging, receipts and can linings — not your bed.", "matters": "If you want to lower it, that's a kitchen job — cut canned food and don't microwave in plastic. It clears the body in hours, so reducing the input works quickly.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Bisphenol A (2011 - 2016)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": 1.1, "p95": 6.8, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Bisphenol A (BPA)", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "0.81", "p95": "4.2", "detection_pct": "81.5", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.7, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "24909", "cycles": "7", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bisphenol A (BPA)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/bisphenol-a-canadians.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 2015, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "66" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "66", "substance_name": "4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol", "cas": "80-05-7", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/1451b2a8-117e-e179-cfcd-c57214bb4adf", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction", "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)", "Endocrine disrupting properties (Article 57(f) - environment)", "Endocrine disrupting properties (Article 57(f) - human health)" ], "first_listed": "12-Jan-2017", "first_listed_iso": "2017-01-12", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Repr. 1B", "STOT SE 3", "Eye Dam. 1", "Skin Sens. 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Eye Dam. 1", "class": "Eye Dam.", "category": "1", "plain": "serious eye damage" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H317", "H318", "H335", "H360F", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000, "reported_name": "Phenol, 4,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bis-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 962500.286, "facilities": 112, "states": 33, "reported_name": "4,4'-Isopropylidenediphenol", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1994-2024", "total_releases_kg": 77072.028, "facilities": 41, "provinces": 7, "reported_name": "Bisphenol A", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Bisphenol A", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.05, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 770.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 31, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Belgium", "Czechia", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Ireland", "Latvia", "Luxembourg", "Poland", "Spain", "Sweden", "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0651/12", "year": "2012", "week": "18", "date": "04/05/2012", "notifying_country": "Spain", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": "Babies' bottle \"Mamadeira Baby Bottle\"", "brand": "Concorde", "risk_type": "Chemical, Choking", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "labelling requirements and poses a chemical risk because it contains bisphenol A. The product does not comply with the European standard EN", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1578/17", "year": "2017", "week": "46", "date": "17/11/2017", "notifying_country": "Greece", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Baby doll", "brand": "Jumbo", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 23/10/2017", "evidence_phrase": "Baby doll null The plastic material of the doll contains Bisphenol A (measured value: 0.178 mg/l). Bisphenol A is toxic for repr", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0146/18", "year": "2018", "week": "5", "date": "02/02/2018", "notifying_country": "Poland", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Plastic doll", "brand": "Good!", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 16/01/2018", "evidence_phrase": "INP) (measured value: 4.9 % by weight) and the migration of bisphenol A is too high (measured value: 0.157 mg/l). Bisphenol A is to", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/01216/20", "year": "2020", "week": "37", "date": "11/09/2020", "notifying_country": "Ireland", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Epoxy Putty", "brand": "Rectorseal", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 30/07/2020", "evidence_phrase": "data sheet, the product contains 1-Chloro-4 Trifluromethyl Bisphenol A Epoxy Resin which is sensitising and it can cause skin and", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00421/21", "year": "2021", "week": "12", "date": "26/03/2021", "notifying_country": "Latvia", "product_category": "Stationery", "product": "Thermal paper", "brand": "FORPUS", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ManufacturerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 26/02/2021", "evidence_phrase": "Thermal paper The product contains bisphenol A (measured value up to 1,02% by weight). Bisphenol A may har", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00882/21", "year": "2021", "week": "24", "date": "18/06/2021", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": "Baby’s soother", "brand": "Ten@Night", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Removal of this product listing by the online marketplaceDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Baby’s soother The product contains Bisphenol A (BPA) (measured value: 2.3 mg/kg). BPA may damage fertility", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "carbon-tetrachloride": { "slug": "carbon-tetrachloride", "name": "Carbon tetrachloride", "cas": "56-23-5", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/carbon-tetrachloride", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood Tetrachloromethane (Carbon tetrachloride) (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "whole blood", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "carbon tetrachloride", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 36.3, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "2574", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "carbon tetrachloride", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/fifth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-6.html#s15-2" } }, "us_ca_comparable": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "STOT RE 1", "Aquatic Chronic 3", "Ozone 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 3", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "3", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" }, { "code": "Ozone 1", "class": "Ozone", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the ozone layer" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H311", "H331", "H351", "H372", "H412", "H420" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 2.894646, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000, "reported_name": "Methane, tetrachloro-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 150235.077, "facilities": 39, "states": 13, "reported_name": "Carbon tetrachloride", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 70728.711, "facilities": 29, "provinces": 4, "reported_name": "Carbon tetrachloride", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Carbon Tetrachloride", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.1, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.47, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.004, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.46, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "diazinon": { "slug": "diazinon", "name": "Diazinon", "cas": "333-41-5", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/diazinon", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 1 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 1st cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 1, "period": "2001-2005", "systems_sampled": 310, "systems_with_detection": 0, "detection_pct": 0.0, "max_ugL": null, "min_reporting_level": 0.5, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": true, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 1 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 1, "period": "2001-2005", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 1 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 1st cycle", "analyte": "diazinon", "systems_sampled": 310, "systems_with_detection": 0, "detection_pct": 0.0, "max_ugL": null, "median_detect_ugL": null, "min_reporting_level": 0.5, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": true, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "2-Isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMPY)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 7.7, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "4710", "cycles": "2", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "2-Isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMPY)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/consumer-product-safety/pesticides-pest-management/public.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "2-Isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMPY)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 7.7, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "4710", "cycles": "2", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "2-Isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine (IMPY)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/consumer-product-safety/pesticides-pest-management/public.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 322.731, "facilities": 11, "states": 8, "reported_name": "Diazinon", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Diazinon", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0007, "oral_rfd_source": "ATSDR", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 10.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 2, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Malta" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0482/09", "year": "2009", "week": "13", "date": "10/04/2009", "notifying_country": "Malta", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Insecticide - Labgarden Z", "brand": "SOLE VERDE", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and destruction of the products in stock.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "to the user of the product because its active substance is diazinon, which is not authorised under Directive 91/414/EC concerni", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1160/09", "year": "2009", "week": "33", "date": "28/08/2009", "notifying_country": "Malta", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Insecticide spray for plants - Diazispray", "brand": "Flortis", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "oduct poses a chemical risk because its active substance is diazinon, which is not authorised under the Plant Protection Product", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "dibenz-ah-anthracene": { "slug": "dibenz-ah-anthracene", "name": "Dibenz[a,h]anthracene", "cas": "53-70-3", "family": "pah", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dibenz-ah-anthracene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "50", "50a" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "50", "substance_name": "Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBAhA)", "cas": "53-70-3", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/4f099937-658f-8b86-2f62-5e767fab4d6e", "conditions_text": null }, { "entry_no": "50a", "substance_name": "Dibenzo[a,h]anthracene (DBAhA)", "cas": "53-70-3", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/2b2f0a5d-a75d-7aa4-fc01-6208b17a52ce", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H350", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "200,233", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 200233, "reported_name": "Dibenz[a,h]anthracene", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "200,233", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 200233 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "174,922", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 174922 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "272,657", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 272657 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "191,927", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 191927 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Dibenz[a,h]anthracene", "source_categories": [ "residential_wood" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 29, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2002", "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.000207, "weight_percent_median": 0.000532, "weight_percent_max": 0.002847, "measurements": 29 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 10, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 6.3e-05, "weight_percent_median": 0.003189, "weight_percent_max": 0.007434, "measurements": 10 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.002005, "weight_percent_median": 0.003466, "weight_percent_max": 0.005904, "measurements": 4 }, "unspecified": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.04, "weight_percent_median": 0.04, "weight_percent_max": 0.04, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "2000-2024", "total_releases_kg": 40366.004, "facilities": 287, "provinces": 11, "reported_name": "Dibenz[a,h]anthracene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Dibenz[a,h]anthracene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.0017, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.025, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Finland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0242/19", "year": "2019", "week": "6", "date": "08/02/2019", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Other - -", "product": "Trolley suitcase", "brand": "CAVALIER", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 21/01/2019", "evidence_phrase": "g/kg), benzo[a]pyrene (measured value up to 110 mg/kg), and dibenz[a,h]anthracene (measured value up to 4.6 mg/kg).PAHs are absorbed through", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "dnop": { "slug": "dnop", "name": "Di-n-octyl phthalate", "cas": "117-84-0", "family": "phth", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dnop", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.6, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "11036", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-5.html#s14-1" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.6, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "11036", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono-n-octyl phthalate (MOP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-5.html#s14-1" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "52" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "52", "substance_name": "Di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP)", "cas": "117-84-0", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/0923c10f-5495-16ee-5c0f-dd3613fbde6d", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "<75,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0, "reported_name": "1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-dioctyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "<75,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "<75,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "<75,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "<75,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "1993-2015", "total_releases_kg": 7136.8, "facilities": 23, "provinces": 2, "reported_name": "Di-n-octyl phthalate", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Octyl Phthalate, di-N-", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.01, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 200.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 858, "sleep_related_alerts": 2, "countries": [ "Cyprus", "Czechia", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Latvia", "Slovakia", "Spain", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0886/06", "year": "2006", "week": "51", "date": "03/01/2007", "notifying_country": "Greece", "product_category": "Stationery", "product": "Eraser", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market ordered by the authority. Press release has been issued.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "halate (DBP) in a greater quantity than 0,5% w/w by content di-n-octyl phthalate in quantity greater than 20% by weight.DBP is classified as", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0811/07", "year": "2007", "week": "31", "date": "10/08/2007", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Water book - \"SEA FRIENDS SHELCORE TOYS\"", "brand": "SHELCORE Toys", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "TOYS\" According to the test results plastic parts of a toy contains di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) 48.1 % by weight and 11.6 % by weight in the materia", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0808/07", "year": "2007", "week": "31", "date": "10/08/2007", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": "Baby Change Mat", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "the test results, plastic parts contain 14.8% by weight of di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP). Allowed maximum limit - 0,1% by weight. Phthalates", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0822/07", "year": "2007", "week": "32", "date": "17/08/2007", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": "Changing mat", "brand": "Canpol babies.", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers ordered by the authority. Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "l risk because the plastic foil contains 17.8% by weight of di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) and 0.3% by weight of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (D", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0820/07", "year": "2007", "week": "32", "date": "17/08/2007", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Inflatable rubber ring", "brand": "Toys Sery.", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers ordered by the authority. Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and 21.7% by weight of di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), - dark rose foil contains 27.2% by weight of di(2-e", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1089/08", "year": "2008", "week": "39", "date": "03/10/2008", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Inflatable ball", "brand": "LETO S KRTKEM", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "e product poses a chemical risk because it contains 2.9% of di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), which exceeds the limit laid down by the the Chemic", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "ethylene-oxide": { "slug": "ethylene-oxide", "name": "Ethylene oxide", "cas": "75-21-8", "family": "acryl", "atlas_url": "/atlas/ethylene-oxide", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Ethylene Oxide Hemoglobin Adduct in Non-smokers (2013 - 2018)", "matrix": "hemoglobin adduct", "units": "pmol/g hemoglobin", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 20.8, "p95": 44.4, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Gas 1", "Press. Gas", "Carc. 1B", "Muta. 1B", "Repr. 1B", "Acute Tox. 3", "STOT SE 3", "STOT RE 1", "Skin Corr. 1", "Eye Dam. 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Gas 1", "class": "Flam. Gas", "category": "1", "plain": "flammable gas" }, { "code": "Press. Gas", "class": "Press. Gas", "category": null, "plain": "gas under pressure" }, { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 1B", "class": "Muta.", "category": "1B", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Corr. 1", "class": "Skin Corr.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin corrosion" }, { "code": "Eye Dam. 1", "class": "Eye Dam.", "category": "1", "plain": "serious eye damage" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H220", "H301", "H314", "H318", "H331", "H335", "H336", "H340", "H350", "H360Fd", "H372" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": "1B", "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.736078, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "7,000,000,000 – <8,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 7000000000, "reported_name": "Oxirane", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "7,000,000,000 – <8,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 7000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "7,000,000,000 – <8,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 7000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "5,500,000,000 – <7,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5500000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "7,000,000,000 – <8,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 7000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 195306.342, "facilities": 139, "states": 38, "reported_name": "Ethylene oxide", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 421775.88, "facilities": 50, "provinces": 4, "reported_name": "Ethylene oxide", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Ethylene Oxide", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.03, "inhalation_rfc_source": "Cal EPA", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.00034, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.00067, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "fluorene": { "slug": "fluorene", "name": "Fluorene", "cas": "86-73-7", "family": "pah", "atlas_url": "/atlas/fluorene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "2-Hydroxyfluorene", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "4 (2014–2015)", "geo_mean": "0.28", "p95": "2.3E", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2014–2015", "total_n": "7548", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "2-hydroxyfluorene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-people.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "2-Hydroxyfluorene", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "4 (2014–2015)", "geo_mean": "0.28", "p95": "2.3E", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2014–2015", "total_n": "7548", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "2-hydroxyfluorene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-people.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "50a" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "50a", "substance_name": "Fluorene", "cas": "86-73-7", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/2b2f0a5d-a75d-7aa4-fc01-6208b17a52ce", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0, "reported_name": "9H-Fluorene", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "11,318", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 11318 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "39,185", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 39185 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Fluorene", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.053497, "weight_percent_median": 0.053497, "weight_percent_max": 0.053497, "measurements": 1 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 15, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.000353, "weight_percent_median": 0.021678, "weight_percent_max": 0.11494, "measurements": 15 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 6, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998", "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.035077, "weight_percent_median": 0.081251, "weight_percent_max": 0.152674, "measurements": 6 }, "unspecified": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 2.59, "weight_percent_median": 2.59, "weight_percent_max": 2.59, "measurements": 1 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.008843, "weight_percent_median": 0.008843, "weight_percent_max": 0.008843, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "2006-2024", "total_releases_kg": 209791.219, "facilities": 297, "provinces": 10, "reported_name": "Fluorene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Fluorene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.04, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 290.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "hexachlorobenzene": { "slug": "hexachlorobenzene", "name": "Hexachlorobenzene", "cas": "118-74-1", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/hexachlorobenzene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Hexachlorobenzene (lipid adjusted) (1999 - 2004)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "ng/g of lipid or parts per billion on a lipid-weight basis", "cycle": "99-00", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Hexachlorobenzene", "matrix": "Plasma", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "1 (2007–2009)", "geo_mean": "0.05", "p95": "0.17", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "current": { "detection_pct": 74.7, "detection_year": "2007–2009", "total_n": "1668", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "hexachlorobenzene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/8-results-chemical-group-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2010.html#n8_2_4" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B", "STOT RE 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H350", "H372", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Hexachlorobenzene", "cas": "118-74-1", "ec_number": "204-273-9", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Art. 4(1), point (b) applies to concentrations of hexachlorobenzene at or below 10 mg/kg (0,001 % by weight).", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": null, "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.000257, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0, "reported_name": "Benzene, 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexachloro-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 4021.176, "facilities": 54, "states": 25, "reported_name": "Hexachlorobenzene", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "2000-2024", "total_releases_kg": 271.91, "facilities": 689, "provinces": 12, "reported_name": "Hexachlorobenzene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Hexachlorobenzene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.0061, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 1e-05, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.0098, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "indeno-123-cd-pyrene": { "slug": "indeno-123-cd-pyrene", "name": "Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene", "cas": "193-39-5", "family": "pah", "atlas_url": "/atlas/indeno-123-cd-pyrene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "50a" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "50a", "substance_name": "Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene", "cas": "193-39-5", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/2b2f0a5d-a75d-7aa4-fc01-6208b17a52ce", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Portable HEPA air cleaner, run continuously during a smoke episode", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Cut indoor PM2.5 by 48-78% in seven homes during a 2020 wildfire episode; a systematic review of landscape-fire interventions puts portable air cleaners at 54-92% for PM2.5.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Upgrade central HVAC filtration to MERV 13", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Mechanical ventilation with MERV 5/8 filters reduced landscape-fire PM2.5 indoors by 18-58%; MERV 12/13 achieved up to 87%.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Goodman N et al. (2025). Interventions for reducing exposure to air pollution from landscape fires in a changing environment: A systematic review. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178621" }, { "action": "Launder textiles with a long presoak and a high detergent concentration", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "A 12-hour presoak at a 90:10 water-to-detergent ratio removed 97% of low-molecular-weight PAHs and 78% of high-molecular-weight PAHs from contaminated firefighter fabric, against 11% HMW removal at the 99:1 ratio.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Hossain MT et al. (2024). Assessing the Impact of Pre-Soaking to Enhance Laundering Efficacy of Firefighter Turnout Gear. Toxics.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12080544" }, { "action": "DIY box fan with a MERV 13 filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In a wildfire-season field study, DIY units were associated with a 7-11% reduction in indoor PM2.5 against 18.3% for a commercial unit; bench testing shows they remove 1-2.5 um particles well but fall off as particle size drops.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Prathibha P et al. (2024). Usage and Impact of a Do-It-Yourself Air Cleaner on Residential PM2.5 in a Smoke-Impacted Community. Atmospheric Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120650" }, { "action": "Staying indoors with the windows closed, and nothing else", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Measured smoke infiltration into homes ran 0.33-0.76, so between a third and three quarters of outdoor PM2.5 was still present indoors. The authors state plainly that staying indoors is insufficient on its own.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Normal laundering at the detergent dose on the bottle", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Even at multiples of the manufacturer-recommended surfactant concentration, only about 40% of high-molecular-weight PAHs came out of heavily contaminated fabric. In firefighter uniforms sampled before and after laundering, PAHs fell significantly in only 3 of 16 sampled areas, and flame retardants (OPFRs, PBDEs) showed no significant reduction at all.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Banks APW et al. (2020). Assessing decontamination and laundering processes for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and flame retardants from firefighting uniforms. Environmental Research.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110616" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "443,849", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 443849, "reported_name": "Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "443,849", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 443849 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "387,743", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 387743 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "604,390", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 604390 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "425,438", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 425438 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene", "source_categories": [ "residential_wood" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 10, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.000765, "weight_percent_median": 0.032126, "weight_percent_max": 0.074555, "measurements": 10 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.010985, "weight_percent_median": 0.026684, "weight_percent_max": 0.034968, "measurements": 4 }, "unspecified": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.66, "weight_percent_median": 0.66, "weight_percent_max": 0.66, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "2000-2024", "total_releases_kg": 102374.183, "facilities": 313, "provinces": 11, "reported_name": "Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.017, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.25, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "remediation", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "isopropanol": { "slug": "isopropanol", "name": "Isopropanol (2-propanol)", "cas": "67-63-0", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/isopropanol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 2", "STOT SE 3", "Eye Irrit. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 2", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "2", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H225", "H319", "H336" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000, "reported_name": "2-Propanol", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "850,000,000 – <1,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 850000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Isopropyl alcohol (or 2-Propanol)", "source_categories": [ "residential_wood" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.099034, "weight_percent_median": 0.168182, "weight_percent_max": 0.27367, "measurements": 4 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 1861.92, "facilities": 6, "states": 3, "reported_name": "Isopropyl alcohol (only persons who manufacture by the strong acid process are subject, no supplier notification)", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 47039020.591, "facilities": 1188, "provinces": 10, "reported_name": "Isopropyl alcohol", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Isopropanol", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.2, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA PPRTV", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 210.0, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 2.0, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 410.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 8, "sleep_related_alerts": 3, "countries": [ "Germany", "Italy", "Poland", "Slovakia" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0303/07", "year": "2007", "week": "12", "date": "30/03/2007", "notifying_country": "Slovakia", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Eva puzzle mats", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary stop of sales and withdrawal from the market by the distributor and the supplierDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "es (ethyl benzene, xylem, isooctanol, acetophenol, 2-phenyl-2-propanol, ethylcyclohexane) with a harmful and irritant effect on sk", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0608/07", "year": "2007", "week": "25", "date": "29/06/2007", "notifying_country": "Slovakia", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Eva puzzle mats", "brand": "Tianxiang", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary stop of sales by the importerDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ethyl benzene methanol,- ethyl benzene,- xylems, - 2-phenyl-2-propanol.These substances have harmful and irritant effects on skin,", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1008/07", "year": "2007", "week": "39", "date": "05/10/2007", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Plastic shoes", "brand": "Outdoor footwear ESSE", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market by the distributor.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "s pungent smell, noxious substances (acetophenone, 2-phenyl-2-propanol), which are classified as irritating to the skin, eyes and", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0659/09", "year": "2009", "week": "19", "date": "22/05/2009", "notifying_country": "Poland", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Children's rubber sandals", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Import rejected by the customs authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "en butterfly model acetophenone (CAS: 98-86-2) and 2-phenyl-2-propanol (CAS: 617-94-7), detected. All of the abovementioned substa", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "1552/10", "year": "2010", "week": "42", "date": "22/10/2010", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Clogs - Lady EVA Flip", "brand": "Hats", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary recall from consumers.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "enone at a level of 740 + 93 mg/ kg of plastic and 2-phenyl-2-propanol at a level of 1723 + 45 mg/kg of plastic as volatile substa", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "SR/00420/25", "year": "2025", "week": "5", "date": "31/01/2025", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Tattoo ink", "brand": "linea IMPERIAL , KURO SUMI", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: 10/12/2024", "evidence_phrase": "Tattoo ink The product has an excessive concentration of Isopropanol (measured value up to 0.03%). Isopropanol can cause serious", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "lithium": { "slug": "lithium", "name": "Lithium", "cas": "7439-93-2", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/lithium", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10299, "systems_with_detection": 3753, "detection_pct": 36.44, "max_ugL": 960.0, "min_reporting_level": 9.0, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 5 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "Lithium", "systems_sampled": 10299, "systems_with_detection": 3753, "detection_pct": 36.44, "max_ugL": 960.0, "median_detect_ugL": 23.3, "min_reporting_level": 9.0, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "lithium", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 61.7, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "1209", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "lithium", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/draft-screening-assessment-substances-low-concern-erci-biomonitoring-rapid-screening-science-approaches.html#toc17" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "lithium", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 61.7, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "1209", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "lithium", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/draft-screening-assessment-substances-low-concern-erci-biomonitoring-rapid-screening-science-approaches.html#toc17" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Water-react. 1", "Skin Corr. 1B" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Water-react. 1", "class": "Water-react.", "category": "1", "plain": "in contact with water emits flammable gases" }, { "code": "Skin Corr. 1B", "class": "Skin Corr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "skin corrosion" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H260", "H314" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000, "reported_name": "Lithium", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Lithium", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.002, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 40.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "France" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/03062/24", "year": "2024", "week": "44", "date": "01/11/2024", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Electrical appliances and equipment", "product": "Fan", "brand": "KLARSTEIN / CHAL-TEC GmbH", "risk_type": "Chemical, Choking", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 05/07/2024Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 05/07/2024", "evidence_phrase": "Fan The cover of the lithium button battery compartment on the remote control can be ope", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "methyl-ethyl-ketone": { "slug": "methyl-ethyl-ketone", "name": "Methyl ethyl ketone (2-butanone)", "cas": "78-93-3", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/methyl-ethyl-ketone", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 2", "STOT SE 3", "Eye Irrit. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 2", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "2", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H225", "H319", "H336" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000, "reported_name": "2-Butanone", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Methyl ethyl ketone (or MEK || 2-butanone)", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 1.05591, "weight_percent_median": 1.05591, "weight_percent_max": 1.05591, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 25, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010", "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.16527, "weight_percent_median": 0.326807, "weight_percent_max": 2.259691, "measurements": 25 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 7, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.345228, "weight_percent_median": 0.37674, "weight_percent_max": 2.259691, "measurements": 7 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.513714, "weight_percent_median": 0.812284, "weight_percent_max": 1.12888, "measurements": 5 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 1.034832, "weight_percent_median": 1.435416, "weight_percent_max": 1.836001, "measurements": 2 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.579614, "weight_percent_median": 0.579614, "weight_percent_max": 0.579614, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 76091389.76, "facilities": 920, "provinces": 8, "reported_name": "Methyl ethyl ketone", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Methyl Ethyl Ketone (2-Butanone)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 5.0, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 5200.0, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.6, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 5600.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 3, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "France", "Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "INFO/00113/22", "year": "2022", "week": "31", "date": "05/08/2022", "notifying_country": "Ireland", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Paint", "brand": "Berger", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of sale from general public, and Relabelling for sale to other user groupsDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ning, the product may contain an excessive concentration of 2-butanone oxime, which must not be supplied to the general public. Bu", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/01653/22", "year": "2022", "week": "47", "date": "25/11/2022", "notifying_country": "Ireland", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Jointing compound", "brand": "Duralac", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Jointing compound The product contains 2-butanone oxime (measured values: 1% by weight), which is toxic if sw", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/01818/22", "year": "2022", "week": "51", "date": "23/12/2022", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Aerosol paint", "brand": "MTN by Montana Colors", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 15/07/2022", "evidence_phrase": "Aerosol paint The product contains 2-butanone oxime (measured value above 0.1% by weight), which is toxic", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "methyl-methacrylate": { "slug": "methyl-methacrylate", "name": "Methyl Methacrylate", "cas": "80-62-6", "family": "acryl", "atlas_url": "/atlas/methyl-methacrylate", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 2", "STOT SE 3", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Skin Sens. 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 2", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "2", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H225", "H315", "H317", "H335" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000, "reported_name": "2-Propenoic acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Methyl methacrylate", "source_categories": [ "prescribed_fire", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 22, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010", "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.029764, "weight_percent_median": 0.449724, "weight_percent_max": 0.736923, "measurements": 22 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.069727, "weight_percent_median": 0.072526, "weight_percent_max": 0.0775, "measurements": 4 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 1222718.675, "facilities": 288, "states": 41, "reported_name": "Methyl methacrylate", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 1337463.145, "facilities": 101, "provinces": 6, "reported_name": "Methyl methacrylate", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Methyl Methacrylate", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.7, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 730.0, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 1.4, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 1400.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 7, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Germany" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0402/12", "year": "2012", "week": "10", "date": "09/03/2012", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Nail modelling product \"Acrylic Liquid UP 2000 Pur", "brand": "Charms Carrot", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "l The product poses a chemical risk because it contains 83% methyl methacrylate (MMA). In its \"Health assessment of nail modelling cosmetic", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1004/12", "year": "2012", "week": "28", "date": "13/07/2012", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Nail modelling product", "brand": "Nailexus", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "The product poses a chemical risk because it contains 93.7% methyl methacrylate (MMA). In its \"Health assessment of nail modelling cosmetic", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1173/12", "year": "2012", "week": "32", "date": "10/08/2012", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Nail modelling product", "brand": "JK Shasta", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "he product poses a chemical risk because it contains 96.5 % methyl methacrylate (MMA). In its \"Health assessment of nail modelling cosmetic", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0299/14", "year": "2014", "week": "7", "date": "21/02/2014", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Liquid for nail art", "brand": "Keystone", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 28/01/2014", "evidence_phrase": "The product poses a chemical risk due to the high amount of methyl methacrylate (96%), which has a high sensitisation/allergenic potential", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0418/14", "year": "2014", "week": "11", "date": "21/03/2014", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Liquid for nail art", "brand": "XO", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Liquid for nail art null The product is made of methyl methacrylate (100%), which has a high sensitisation/allergenic potential", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0419/14", "year": "2014", "week": "11", "date": "21/03/2014", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Liquid for nail art", "brand": "Nailexus", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Warning consumers of the risksDate of entry into force: 06/02/2014", "evidence_phrase": "uid for nail art null The product contains a high amount of methyl methacrylate (measured value up to 98,5%), which has a high sensitisatio", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "n-hexane": { "slug": "n-hexane", "name": "n-Hexane", "cas": "110-54-3", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/n-hexane", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Blood n-Hexane (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "whole blood", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 2017, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Specific target organ toxicity after repeated exposure (Article 57(f) - human health)" ], "first_listed": "04-Feb-2026", "first_listed_iso": "2026-02-04", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 2", "Repr. 2", "Asp. Tox. 1", "STOT SE 3", "STOT RE 1", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Aquatic Chronic 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 2", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "2", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "Repr. 2", "class": "Repr.", "category": "2", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Asp. Tox. 1", "class": "Asp. Tox.", "category": "1", "plain": "aspiration hazard" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 2", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "2", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H225", "H304", "H315", "H336", "H361f", "H372", "H411" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "2", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000, "reported_name": "Hexane", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "N-hexane", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.116963, "weight_percent_median": 0.116963, "weight_percent_max": 0.116963, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 7, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.04308, "weight_percent_median": 0.064744, "weight_percent_max": 0.338954, "measurements": 7 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 9, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2004", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.042273, "weight_percent_median": 0.074334, "weight_percent_max": 0.338954, "measurements": 9 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 9, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.020106, "weight_percent_median": 0.060719, "weight_percent_max": 0.318678, "measurements": 9 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.189489, "weight_percent_median": 0.189489, "weight_percent_max": 0.189489, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 24446602.943, "facilities": 1382, "states": 52, "reported_name": "n-Hexane", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1999-2024", "total_releases_kg": 129407586.69, "facilities": 1403, "provinces": 11, "reported_name": "n-Hexane", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Hexane, N-", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.7, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 730.0, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 1500.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "p-phenylenediamine": { "slug": "p-phenylenediamine", "name": "p-Phenylenediamine", "cas": "106-50-3", "family": "dye", "atlas_url": "/atlas/p-phenylenediamine", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary p-Phenylenediamine (PPDA) (2015 - 2016)", "matrix": "", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 13.0, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 3 *", "Eye Irrit. 2", "Skin Sens. 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H311", "H317", "H319", "H331", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "1,4-Benzenediamine", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 21647.914, "facilities": 9, "states": 8, "reported_name": "p-Phenylenediamine", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1998-2023", "total_releases_kg": 4750.8, "facilities": 7, "provinces": 4, "reported_name": "p-Phenylenediamine (and its salts)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Phenylenediamine, p-", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.001, "oral_rfd_source": "PPRTV appendix", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 20.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 38, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Austria", "Belgium", "Germany", "Lithuania", "Portugal", "Romania", "Slovenia", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0691/05", "year": "2005", "week": "52", "date": "30/12/2005", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Distribution voluntarily stopped by the economic operator.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "type IV” contact allergies. The product contains around 3 % p-phenylenediamine (PPD) and 4-Aminophenol (4-AP) as colour-boosting additives", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0402/06", "year": "2006", "week": "26", "date": "07/07/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary recall from consumers by the distributor. Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "n reactions and severe dermatosis because it contains 13.1% p-phenylenediamine while maximum permissible level is 6%.In view of the formul", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0780/07", "year": "2007", "week": "31", "date": "10/08/2007", "notifying_country": "Belgium", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Permanent powder hair colour", "brand": "BIGEN", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market by the retailerDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ermanent powder hair colour The product contains 13,7 g% of p-Phenylenediamine (PPD). The maximum authorised concentration in finished pro", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0292/09", "year": "2009", "week": "8", "date": "06/03/2009", "notifying_country": "Portugal", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Hair dyes", "brand": "Senhorinha", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ause the list of ingredients includes the substance 2-Nitro-p-phenylenediamine, which is banned for use in cosmetics and personal hygiene", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0006/10", "year": "2010", "week": "2", "date": "15/01/2010", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Herbal henna - Moon Star Herbal Henna black", "brand": "Moon Star", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "product poses a chemical risk because it contains 15.3% of p-phenylenediamine, exceeding the permitted limit (2%).The product does not co", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0985/10", "year": "2010", "week": "26", "date": "02/07/2010", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Colouring cream - Perfect Color Intensive Creme Gold/Hair colour", "brand": "Venita", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and withdrawal from the market ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "products pose a chemical risk because they contain 2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine and Hydroquinone, which are prohibited in cosmetic products", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "pentachlorophenol": { "slug": "pentachlorophenol", "name": "Pentachlorophenol", "cas": "87-86-5", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pentachlorophenol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Pentachlorophenol (2003 - 2004)", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "03-04", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 3.63, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "pentachlorophenol (PCP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 2.9, "detection_year": "2009–2011", "total_n": "2551", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "pentachlorophenol (PCP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/second-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2013.html#a10" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1990, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Acute Tox. 2 *", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "STOT SE 3", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 2 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "2 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H311", "H315", "H319", "H330", "H335", "H351", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Pentachlorophenol and its salts and esters", "cas": "87-86-5", "ec_number": "201-778-6", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Art. 4(1)(b) applies to concentrations of pentachlorophenol and its salts and esters at or below the stated limit.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "'and others' in both CAS and EC columns", "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 1.2e-05, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 19746.135, "facilities": 11, "states": 8, "reported_name": "Pentachlorophenol", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Pentachlorophenol", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.55, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.005, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.041, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 4, "sleep_related_alerts": 4, "countries": [ "Spain" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0115/13", "year": "2013", "week": "4", "date": "01/02/2013", "notifying_country": "Spain", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Men's slippers", "brand": "Primark", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "duct poses a chemical risk because it contains 0.1 mg/kg of pentachlorophenol, twice the ceiling of 0.05 mg/kg laid down in the national", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "A12/0568/13", "year": "2013", "week": "19", "date": "17/05/2013", "notifying_country": "Spain", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Women's shoes and sandals", "brand": "Corina", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 27/03/2013", "evidence_phrase": "in 0.21 mg/kg (model C3281) and 0.12 mg/kg (model C2336) of pentachlorophenol, exceeding the ceiling of 0.05 mg/kg laid down in the natio", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "A12/0617/13", "year": "2013", "week": "21", "date": "31/05/2013", "notifying_country": "Spain", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Women's footwear", "brand": "Corina", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 09/04/2013", "evidence_phrase": "oduct poses a chemical risk because it contains 0.144 mg/kg pentachlorophenol (PCP), exceeding the permitted level of 0.05 mg/kg laid dow", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "A12/0127/14", "year": "2014", "week": "4", "date": "31/01/2014", "notifying_country": "Spain", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Women's shoes", "brand": "Corina", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ll The product poses a chemical risk due to the presence of pentachlorophenol (0.1 mg/kg), which can produce harmful effects when enterin", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "air", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "pfhxs": { "slug": "pfhxs", "name": "Perfluorohexane sulfonate", "cas": "355-46-4", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pfhxs", "verdict": { "verdict": "real", "label": "Real — regulated as a mixture", "why": "Found in about 10% of systems. The EPA regulates it two ways — a 10 ng/L individual limit and as one of four PFAS in a combined 'Hazard Index' that caps their joint effect. It has one of the longest human half-lives of any PFAS.", "matters": "same fix as the others — reverse osmosis or certified filtration. 171 systems were over the individual limit here.", "tiers": [ "regulatory" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 1021, "detection_pct": 9.92, "max_ugL": 0.2502, "min_reporting_level": 0.003, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": 0.01, "systems_above_mcl": 171, "cycles_measured": [ 5, 3 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 1021, "detection_pct": 9.92, "max_ugL": 0.2502, "median_detect_ugL": 0.0051, "min_reporting_level": 0.003, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": 0.01, "systems_above_mcl": 171 }, { "cycle": 3, "period": "2013-2015", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 3 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 3rd cycle", "analyte": "Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid", "systems_sampled": 4920, "systems_with_detection": 55, "detection_pct": 1.12, "max_ugL": 1.6, "median_detect_ugL": 0.092, "min_reporting_level": 0.03, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": 0.01, "systems_above_mcl": 55 } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 1.08, "p95": 3.7, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS)", "matrix": "Plasma", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "0.90", "p95": "5.3E", "detection_pct": "99.7", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.6, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "9510", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-canadians.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "07-Jul-2017", "first_listed_iso": "2017-07-07", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), its salts and PFHxS-related compounds", "cas": "355-46-4", "ec_number": "206-587-1", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Art. 4(1), point (b) applies to concentrations of PFHxS or any of its salts at or below 0,025 mg/kg.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "'and others' in both CAS and EC columns", "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes ~90–99% of PFAS (long- and short-chain) plus most dissolved metals, nitrate and fluoride — the broadest single fix.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research; NSF/ANSI 58", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Anion-exchange resin filter", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes both long- AND short-chain PFAS better than carbon; also targets nitrate and chromium-6.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Blood or plasma donation (for elevated body burden)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "In a randomized trial of firefighters, plasma donation lowered serum PFOS by 2.9 ng/mL and PFHxS by 1.1 ng/mL over 12 months; blood donation, less. No change without it.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gasiorowski et al. 2022, JAMA Network Open", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.6257" }, { "action": "Certified granular activated carbon (GAC) filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Good for long-chain PFAS (PFOA/PFOS) and for disinfection byproducts and VOCs — but short-chain PFAS break through quickly.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Standard carbon pitcher (Brita Standard/Stream, most “water filter” pitchers)", "effect": "none", "efficacy": "Does NOT remove PFAS. Built for taste/chlorine, not forever chemicals.", "tier": "industry", "source": "Environmental Working Group filter testing; manufacturer specs", "source_url": "https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/" }, { "action": "Boiling the water", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "Does NOT remove PFAS, nitrate, or algal toxins — and CONCENTRATES them as water evaporates.", "tier": "regulatory", "source": "US EPA PFAS guidance", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 90.957, "facilities": 6, "states": 5, "reported_name": "Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": true }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 2e-05, "oral_rfd_source": "ATSDR", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.39, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "pfna": { "slug": "pfna", "name": "Perfluorononanoic acid", "cas": "375-95-1", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pfna", "verdict": { "verdict": "real", "label": "Real, but uncommon", "why": "PFNA is regulated (10 ng/L, plus the Hazard Index) but was detected in under 1% of systems — 21 exceeded the limit. Where it shows up it is a genuine concern; for most utilities it simply is not there.", "matters": "no action needed unless your utility reports it; if it does, treat it as you would the other PFAS.", "tiers": [ "regulatory" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 83, "detection_pct": 0.81, "max_ugL": 0.0998, "min_reporting_level": 0.004, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": 0.01, "systems_above_mcl": 21, "cycles_measured": [ 5, 3 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "Perfluorononanoic acid", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 83, "detection_pct": 0.81, "max_ugL": 0.0998, "median_detect_ugL": 0.0067, "min_reporting_level": 0.004, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": 0.01, "systems_above_mcl": 21 }, { "cycle": 3, "period": "2013-2015", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 3 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 3rd cycle", "analyte": "Perfluorononanoic acid", "systems_sampled": 4920, "systems_with_detection": 14, "detection_pct": 0.28, "max_ugL": 0.05588, "median_detect_ugL": 0.031, "min_reporting_level": 0.02, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": 0.01, "systems_above_mcl": 14 } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 0.411, "p95": 1.4, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)", "matrix": "Plasma", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "0.51", "p95": "1.5", "detection_pct": "98.8", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 98.5, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "6362", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-canadians.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "68" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "68", "substance_name": "Perfluorononan-1-oic acid", "cas": "375-95-1", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/f9e7b269-87cd-fc26-1a8e-b8c8b6e40c08", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction", "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)", "PBT (Article 57d)" ], "first_listed": "17-Dec-2015", "first_listed_iso": "2015-12-17", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes ~90–99% of PFAS (long- and short-chain) plus most dissolved metals, nitrate and fluoride — the broadest single fix.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research; NSF/ANSI 58", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Certified granular activated carbon (GAC) filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Good for long-chain PFAS (PFOA/PFOS) and for disinfection byproducts and VOCs — but short-chain PFAS break through quickly.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Standard carbon pitcher (Brita Standard/Stream, most “water filter” pitchers)", "effect": "none", "efficacy": "Does NOT remove PFAS. Built for taste/chlorine, not forever chemicals.", "tier": "industry", "source": "Environmental Working Group filter testing; manufacturer specs", "source_url": "https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 91.882, "facilities": 7, "states": 7, "reported_name": "Perfluorononanoic acid", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": true }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 3e-06, "oral_rfd_source": "ATSDR", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.059, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "pfos": { "slug": "pfos", "name": "Perfluorooctane sulfonate", "cas": "1763-23-1", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pfos", "verdict": { "verdict": "real", "label": "Real — regulated, and it lingers", "why": "PFOS turned up in about 13% of the water systems the EPA tested — second only to the short-chain acids — and it shares the strictest federal limit, 4 ng/L, set in 2024. It is IARC Group 2B and the PFAS with the deepest human health record.", "matters": "check your utility's PFAS results; if elevated, reverse osmosis or a PFAS-certified carbon filter is what actually removes it. In this dataset, 1,309 systems exceeded the limit.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 1336, "detection_pct": 12.98, "max_ugL": 0.49, "min_reporting_level": 0.004, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": 0.004, "systems_above_mcl": 1309, "cycles_measured": [ 5, 3 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 1336, "detection_pct": 12.98, "max_ugL": 0.49, "median_detect_ugL": 0.00725, "min_reporting_level": 0.004, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": 0.004, "systems_above_mcl": 1309 }, { "cycle": 3, "period": "2013-2015", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 3 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 3rd cycle", "analyte": "Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid", "systems_sampled": 4920, "systems_with_detection": 95, "detection_pct": 1.93, "max_ugL": 7.0, "median_detect_ugL": 0.07, "min_reporting_level": 0.04, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": 0.004, "systems_above_mcl": 95 } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum n-Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (n-PFOS) (2013 - 2018)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 2.94, "p95": 10.4, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)", "matrix": "Plasma", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "3.0", "p95": "11", "detection_pct": "99.9", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.3, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "9512", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-canadians.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 2017, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), its salts and PFOS-related compounds", "cas": "1763-23-1", "ec_number": "217-179-8", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Art. 4(1)(b) applies to concentrations of PFOS or any of its salts at or below 0,025 mg/kg.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "Annex lists 12 CAS numbers 'and others'; primary CAS recorded", "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes ~90–99% of PFAS (long- and short-chain) plus most dissolved metals, nitrate and fluoride — the broadest single fix.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research; NSF/ANSI 58", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Anion-exchange resin filter", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes both long- AND short-chain PFAS better than carbon; also targets nitrate and chromium-6.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Blood or plasma donation (for elevated body burden)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "In a randomized trial of firefighters, plasma donation lowered serum PFOS by 2.9 ng/mL and PFHxS by 1.1 ng/mL over 12 months; blood donation, less. No change without it.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gasiorowski et al. 2022, JAMA Network Open", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.6257" }, { "action": "Certified granular activated carbon (GAC) filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Good for long-chain PFAS (PFOA/PFOS) and for disinfection byproducts and VOCs — but short-chain PFAS break through quickly.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Brita Elite pitcher filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Removes ~78% of PFOA/PFOS in independent testing — modest, and ONLY the Elite (not Standard/Stream).", "tier": "industry", "source": "Environmental Working Group filter testing", "source_url": "https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/" }, { "action": "Avoid stain-/water-proofed textiles and grease-proof packaging", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Cuts a real PFAS input route — treated carpets, upholstery, 'stain-resistant' fabrics and fast-food wrappers shed PFAS into dust and food.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "PFAS source-reduction rationale; see the PFAS pages", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/pfas-tap-water" }, { "action": "Standard carbon pitcher (Brita Standard/Stream, most “water filter” pitchers)", "effect": "none", "efficacy": "Does NOT remove PFAS. Built for taste/chlorine, not forever chemicals.", "tier": "industry", "source": "Environmental Working Group filter testing; manufacturer specs", "source_url": "https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/" }, { "action": "Boiling the water", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "Does NOT remove PFAS, nitrate, or algal toxins — and CONCENTRATES them as water evaporates.", "tier": "regulatory", "source": "US EPA PFAS guidance", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 7160.911, "facilities": 15, "states": 13, "reported_name": "Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": true }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 1e-07, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.002, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "phenanthrene": { "slug": "phenanthrene", "name": "Phenanthrene", "cas": "85-01-8", "family": "pah", "atlas_url": "/atlas/phenanthrene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "1-Hydroxyphenanthrene", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "4 (2014–2015)", "geo_mean": "0.16", "p95": "0.70", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2014–2015", "total_n": "7533", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "1-hydroxyphenanthrene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-people.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "1-Hydroxyphenanthrene", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "4 (2014–2015)", "geo_mean": "0.16", "p95": "0.70", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 100.0, "detection_year": "2014–2015", "total_n": "7533", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "1-hydroxyphenanthrene", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/polycyclic-aromatic-hydrocarbons-in-people.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "50a" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "50a", "substance_name": "Phenanthrene", "cas": "85-01-8", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/2b2f0a5d-a75d-7aa4-fc01-6208b17a52ce", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "15-Jan-2019", "first_listed_iso": "2019-01-15", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Portable HEPA air cleaner, run continuously during a smoke episode", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Cut indoor PM2.5 by 48-78% in seven homes during a 2020 wildfire episode; a systematic review of landscape-fire interventions puts portable air cleaners at 54-92% for PM2.5.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Upgrade central HVAC filtration to MERV 13", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Mechanical ventilation with MERV 5/8 filters reduced landscape-fire PM2.5 indoors by 18-58%; MERV 12/13 achieved up to 87%.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Goodman N et al. (2025). Interventions for reducing exposure to air pollution from landscape fires in a changing environment: A systematic review. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178621" }, { "action": "Launder textiles with a long presoak and a high detergent concentration", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "A 12-hour presoak at a 90:10 water-to-detergent ratio removed 97% of low-molecular-weight PAHs and 78% of high-molecular-weight PAHs from contaminated firefighter fabric, against 11% HMW removal at the 99:1 ratio.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Hossain MT et al. (2024). Assessing the Impact of Pre-Soaking to Enhance Laundering Efficacy of Firefighter Turnout Gear. Toxics.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12080544" }, { "action": "DIY box fan with a MERV 13 filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In a wildfire-season field study, DIY units were associated with a 7-11% reduction in indoor PM2.5 against 18.3% for a commercial unit; bench testing shows they remove 1-2.5 um particles well but fall off as particle size drops.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Prathibha P et al. (2024). Usage and Impact of a Do-It-Yourself Air Cleaner on Residential PM2.5 in a Smoke-Impacted Community. Atmospheric Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120650" }, { "action": "Staying indoors with the windows closed, and nothing else", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Measured smoke infiltration into homes ran 0.33-0.76, so between a third and three quarters of outdoor PM2.5 was still present indoors. The authors state plainly that staying indoors is insufficient on its own.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Normal laundering at the detergent dose on the bottle", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Even at multiples of the manufacturer-recommended surfactant concentration, only about 40% of high-molecular-weight PAHs came out of heavily contaminated fabric. In firefighter uniforms sampled before and after laundering, PAHs fell significantly in only 3 of 16 sampled areas, and flame retardants (OPFRs, PBDEs) showed no significant reduction at all.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Banks APW et al. (2020). Assessing decontamination and laundering processes for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and flame retardants from firefighting uniforms. Environmental Research.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110616" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "371,175", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 371175, "reported_name": "Phenanthrene", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "371,175", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 371175 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "323,858", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 323858 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "568,032", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 568032 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "575,334", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 575334 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Phenanthrene", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.085671, "weight_percent_median": 0.085671, "weight_percent_max": 0.085671, "measurements": 1 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 11, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.049069, "weight_percent_median": 0.177402, "weight_percent_max": 0.991134, "measurements": 11 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 6, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998", "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.109396, "weight_percent_median": 0.395233, "weight_percent_max": 0.788374, "measurements": 6 }, "unspecified": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 16.84, "weight_percent_median": 16.84, "weight_percent_max": 16.84, "measurements": 1 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.012187, "weight_percent_median": 0.012187, "weight_percent_max": 0.012187, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 43825.427, "facilities": 91, "states": 27, "reported_name": "Phenanthrene", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "2000-2024", "total_releases_kg": 1948266.162, "facilities": 475, "provinces": 10, "reported_name": "Phenanthrene", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "commerce", "smoke", "releases" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "silver-nanoparticles": { "slug": "silver-nanoparticles", "name": "Silver nanoparticles", "cas": "7440-22-4", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/silver-nanoparticles", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "silver", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 92.3, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "1208", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "silver", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/second-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2013.html#a8.14" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "silver", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 92.3, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "1208", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "silver", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/second-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2013.html#a8.14" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Repr. 2", "STOT RE 2", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Repr. 2", "class": "Repr.", "category": "2", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 2", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "2", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H361f", "H373", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "2", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "Silver", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Silver", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 52, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1995", "1999", "2002", "2017", "2018", "2019" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.000263, "weight_percent_max": 0.02187, "measurements": 52 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 48, "draft_profiles": 2, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.026, "weight_percent_max": 0.172, "measurements": 48 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 139, "draft_profiles": 5, "test_years": [ "1988", "1988-1997", "1995", "1995-2001", "1997", "1997, 1998, 2001", "1998", "1998, 2001", "2001", "2003", "2021" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.000217, "weight_percent_max": 0.0788, "measurements": 139 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 1, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0, "weight_percent_max": 0.0, "measurements": 2 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 126872.124, "facilities": 66, "states": 26, "reported_name": "Silver", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Silver", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.005, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 94.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 6 }, "2-4-d": { "slug": "2-4-d", "name": "2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid", "cas": "94-75-7", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/2-4-d", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) (2011 - 2016)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": 0.349, "p95": 1.6, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 80.6, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "10427", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/second-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2013.html#a14.3" } }, "us_ca_comparable": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 4 *", "STOT SE 3", "Eye Dam. 1", "Skin Sens. 1", "Aquatic Chronic 3" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Eye Dam. 1", "class": "Eye Dam.", "category": "1", "plain": "serious eye damage" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 3", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "3", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H317", "H318", "H335", "H412" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "75,000,000 – <150,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000000, "reported_name": "Acetic acid, 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "75,000,000 – <150,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "75,000,000 – <150,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "75,000,000 – <150,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "75,000,000 – <150,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 120392.197, "facilities": 27, "states": 16, "reported_name": "2,4-D", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid, 2,4-", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.01, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 170.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "4-aminobiphenyl": { "slug": "4-aminobiphenyl", "name": "4-Aminobiphenyl", "cas": "92-67-1", "family": "dye", "atlas_url": "/atlas/4-aminobiphenyl", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary 4-Aminobiphenyl in Non-smokers (2013 - 2014)", "matrix": "urine", "units": "pg/mL", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": 4.2, "p95": 15.5, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "15" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "15", "substance_name": "4-Aminobiphenyl xenylamine", "cas": "92-67-1", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/0e1cbf82-fe57-4c3b-97a4-0917ad8f212c", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "carcinogenic" ], "reasons": [ "Carcinogenic (Article 57a)" ], "first_listed": "19-Dec-2012", "first_listed_iso": "2012-12-19", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1A", "Acute Tox. 4 *" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1A", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1A", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H350" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1A", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 22.68, "facilities": 2, "states": 2, "reported_name": "4-Aminobiphenyl", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Aminobiphenyl, 4-", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.00047, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.003, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 9, "sleep_related_alerts": 9, "countries": [ "Cyprus", "Denmark", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Slovakia" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0516/06", "year": "2006", "week": "32", "date": "18/08/2006", "notifying_country": "Slovakia", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary actions taken by the importer: placing on the market stopped, withdrawal from the market, information to consumers. Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "This product contains the carcinogenic aromatic amines: 4-aminobiphenyl – measured value 44 mg/kg, benzidine – measured value 868 m", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0977/09", "year": "2009", "week": "28", "date": "24/07/2009", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Scarf", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market by the importerRecall from consumers by the importer ordered by the authorities. Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ants. The scarf's black colour releases:Benzidine 617 mg/kg;4-Aminobiphenyl 67 mg/kg;Aniline > 100mg/kg.These substances exceed the lim", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0149/09", "year": "2009", "week": "4", "date": "06/02/2009", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Scarf", "brand": "Erica", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Import rejected by the customs authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "rkest shade releases 880 mg/kg of benzidine and 41 mg/kg of 4-aminobiphenyl, both of which exceed the limit of 30 mg/kg. The blue and g", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0285/09", "year": "2009", "week": "7", "date": "27/02/2009", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Black leather gloves", "brand": "ASC Trading Yiwu (RMB)", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers by the importer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "sk because it contains azo dyes: - benzidine 1.504 mg/kg, - 4-aminobiphenyl 177 mg/kg, - aniline 1.367 mg/kg. This product does not com", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0310/11", "year": "2011", "week": "14", "date": "08/04/2011", "notifying_country": "Cyprus", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Pashmina-style scarf", "brand": "INDIAN SHOPS", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "d scarf contains azodyes releasing 40 mg/kg of carcinogenic 4-aminobiphenyl and 400 mg/kg benzidine, andb) the blue scarf contains azod", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0541/11", "year": "2011", "week": "24", "date": "17/06/2011", "notifying_country": "Greece", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Men’s T-shirt", "brand": "MEN", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "s azo dyes releasing 4118 mg/kg of benzidine and 83mg/Kg of 4-aminobiphenyl exceeding the limit of 30 mg/kg.The product does not comply", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "acetone": { "slug": "acetone", "name": "Acetone", "cas": "67-64-1", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/acetone", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 2", "STOT SE 3", "Eye Irrit. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 2", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "2", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H225", "H319", "H336" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000, "reported_name": "2-Propanone", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Acetone", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 8.012357, "weight_percent_median": 8.012357, "weight_percent_max": 8.012357, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 25, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010", "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.544374, "weight_percent_median": 1.290402, "weight_percent_max": 3.780636, "measurements": 25 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 7, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 1.14551, "weight_percent_median": 2.100419, "weight_percent_max": 3.780636, "measurements": 7 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 2.151398, "weight_percent_median": 2.639156, "weight_percent_max": 5.517897, "measurements": 5 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 2.734587, "weight_percent_median": 2.734587, "weight_percent_max": 2.734587, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "1993-1998", "total_releases_kg": 23025958.0, "facilities": 189, "provinces": 9, "reported_name": "Acetone", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Acetone", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.9, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 18000.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "benzidine": { "slug": "benzidine", "name": "Benzidine", "cas": "92-87-5", "family": "dye", "atlas_url": "/atlas/benzidine", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "13" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "13", "substance_name": "Benzidine", "cas": "92-87-5", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/3b95527c-4d0e-54f8-b1e4-7277bf458209", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1A", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1A", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1A", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H350", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1A", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.014546, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 115556.269, "facilities": 4, "states": 4, "reported_name": "Benzidine", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Benzidine", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 1.5e-05, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.003, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.00011, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 101, "sleep_related_alerts": 32, "countries": [ "Austria", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Hungary", "Poland", "Slovakia", "The Netherlands" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0231/05", "year": "2005", "week": "19", "date": "13/05/2005", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Hobby/sports equipment", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Destruction of the products by the Customs authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Chemical risk. The product contains banned benzidine as a colorant.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0736/05", "year": "2006", "week": "1", "date": "13/01/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Public warning published by authority.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "which can form one of the carcinogenic amines (820 mg/kg of Benzidine - CAS No 92-87-5) and >1000 mg/kg of 3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0189/06", "year": "2006", "week": "12", "date": "31/03/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary recall of the product and destruction.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Prohibited azo dyes found in the leather; benzidine (1007mg/kg) found after reductive splitting of the azo dyes", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0178/06", "year": "2006", "week": "12", "date": "31/03/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary recall of the product by retailer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "has been manufactured or treated using prohibited azo dyes (benzidine - 695 mg/kg), which may release one of the carcinogenic ami", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0003/06", "year": "2006", "week": "2", "date": "24/01/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary recall and destruction of the product by importer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "e black fabric belt of the toy contains banned azo dye. The benzidine concentration in the belt was 900 mg/kg.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0449/06", "year": "2006", "week": "29", "date": "27/07/2006", "notifying_country": "Slovakia", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and warning of consumers by the distributor.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "emical risk because it contains carcinogenic aromatic amine benzidine prohibited under Directive 76/769/EEC at levels of 60 mg.kg", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "air", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "carbon-monoxide": { "slug": "carbon-monoxide", "name": "Carbon monoxide", "cas": "630-08-0", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/carbon-monoxide", "verdict": { "verdict": "real", "label": "Real — the one that can kill in a night", "why": "Every other compound in this Atlas is a long-term risk. This one is acute: colourless, odourless, and capable of killing a household while it sleeps. It comes from any fuel-burning appliance, a generator, or a car left running in an attached garage.", "matters": "A working CO alarm near the bedrooms is the entire fix, and it costs less than a takeaway. If you do one thing on this whole site, do this one.", "tiers": [ "regulatory" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1989, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Gas 1", "Press. Gas", "Repr. 1A", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "STOT RE 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Gas 1", "class": "Flam. Gas", "category": "1", "plain": "flammable gas" }, { "code": "Press. Gas", "class": "Press. Gas", "category": null, "plain": "gas under pressure" }, { "code": "Repr. 1A", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1A", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H220", "H331", "H360D", "H372" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1A", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Vent the kitchen / switch to induction", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Range-hood venting outdoors during cooking removes gas-combustion NO2; induction eliminates the source entirely.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Gas-combustion NO2 source; see the nitrogen-dioxide page", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/atlas/nitrogen-dioxide" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000, "reported_name": "Carbon monoxide", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "2002-2024", "total_releases_kg": 20835571004.492, "facilities": 18455, "provinces": 13, "reported_name": "Carbon monoxide", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 106, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Belgium", "Denmark", "Finland", "Germany", "Hungary", "Ireland", "Norway", "Poland", "The Netherlands", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0175/06", "year": "2006", "week": "12", "date": "31/03/2006", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Recreational crafts", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary corrective actions taken by manufacture.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Risk of carbon monoxide poisoning. On a number of these boats there is a possibility that the", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0439/06", "year": "2006", "week": "28", "date": "21/07/2006", "notifying_country": "Belgium", "product_category": "Protective equipment", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary recall of the product from consumers.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Carbon monoxide slippage of greater than the test threshold occurs.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0572/07", "year": "2007", "week": "24", "date": "22/06/2007", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Protective equipment", "product": "Gas alarm – plug-in carbon monoxide alarm", "brand": "Proteam", "risk_type": "Asphyxiation", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers by the manufacturerDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "level of carbon monoxide resulting in a risk of undetected excessive carbon monoxide level. In addition, the markings and the instructions provi", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1077/08", "year": "2008", "week": "39", "date": "03/10/2008", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Other -", "product": "Carbon monoxide detector", "brand": "JO-EL", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market by the importer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Carbon monoxide detector The products pose a chemical risk because it fails", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0084/09", "year": "2009", "week": "2", "date": "23/01/2009", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Other -", "product": "Carbon monoxide alarm", "brand": "Lloytron", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers by the importer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Carbon monoxide alarm The product poses a chemical risk because it fails to", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1232/09", "year": "2009", "week": "35", "date": "11/09/2009", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Electrical appliances and equipment", "product": "Carbon monoxide alarm", "brand": "Power Plus", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary recall from consumers by the importer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Carbon monoxide alarm The product poses a chemical risk due to its failure", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "us": { "dataset": "US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) recall database", "source_url": "https://www.saferproducts.gov/", "recall_count": 17, "recalls": [ { "recall_number": "26401", "date": "2026-04-09", "title": "Shenzhen Shijingjie Network Technology Male-to-Male Extension Cords Recalled Due to Risk of Serious Injury and Death from Electrocution and Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Hazards; Sold on Walmart", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2026/Shenzhen-Shijingjie-Network-Technology-Male-to-Male-Extension-Cords-Recalled-Due-to-Risk-of-Serious-Injury-and-Death-from-Electrocution-and-Carbon-Monoxide-Poisoning-Hazards-Sold-on-Walmart", "evidence_phrase": "Carbon Monoxide Poisoning", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 200" ] }, { "recall_number": "25045", "date": "2024-11-14", "title": "New Cosmos USA Recalls Combination Natural Gas and Carbon Monoxide Alarms Due to Failure to Alert Consumers to the Presence of Natural Gas and to the Risk of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2025/New-Cosmos-USA-Recalls-Combination-Natural-and-Carbon-Monoxide-Alarms-Due-to-Failure-to-Alert-Consumers-to-the-Presence-of-Natural-Gas-and-to-the-Risk-of-Carbon-Monoxide-Poisoning", "evidence_phrase": "Carbon Monoxide Poisoning", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 26,360" ] }, { "recall_number": "24168", "date": "2024-03-21", "title": "Crown Boiler Recalls Home Heating Boilers Due to Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Hazard", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2024/Crown-Boiler-Recalls-Home-Heating-Boilers-Due-to-Carbon-Monoxide-Poisoning-Hazard", "evidence_phrase": "Carbon Monoxide Poisoning", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 1,100" ] }, { "recall_number": "24161", "date": "2024-03-14", "title": "U.S. Boiler Company Recalls Gas-Fired Hot Water Residential Boilers Due to Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Hazard", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2024/US-Boiler-Company-Recalls-Gas-Fired-Hot-Water-Residential-Boilers-Due-to-Carbon-Monoxide-Poisoning-Hazard", "evidence_phrase": "Carbon Monoxide Poisoning", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 2,500" ] }, { "recall_number": "24028", "date": "2023-11-21", "title": "ZLINE Expands Consumer Options in Recall of Gas Ranges; Serious Risk of Injury or Death from Carbon Monoxide Poisoning", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2024/ZLINE-Expands-Consumer-Options-in-Recall-of-Gas-Ranges-Serious-Risk-of-Injury-or-Death-from-Carbon-Monoxide-Poisoning", "evidence_phrase": "Carbon Monoxide Poisoning", "injuries": "Before the recall, ZLINE received 44 reports of carbon monoxide emission, including three reports of consumers seeking medical attention. After the recall was announced, ZLINE received 131 reports that the repair was not completed successfully and that the ranges were still emitting dangerous levels of carbon monoxide.", "units": [ "About 30,000" ] }, { "recall_number": "24018", "date": "2023-11-02", "title": "Lochinvar Recalls Condensing Boilers Due to Risk of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2024/Lochinvar-Recalls-Condensing-Boilers-Due-to-Risk-of-Carbon-Monoxide-Poisoning", "evidence_phrase": "Carbon Monoxide Poisoning", "injuries": "Lochinvar has received nine reports of broken flue collectors. Lochinvar has received no reports of injury.", "units": [ "About 17, 370 (In addition, about 782 units were sold in Canada)" ] } ], "match_basis": "compound counted only inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction; evidence_phrase records the matched wording" }, "jurisdictions": [ "us", "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "remediation", "commerce", "releases", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "chloromethane": { "slug": "chloromethane", "name": "Chloromethane (methyl chloride)", "cas": "74-87-3", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/chloromethane", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 2000, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Gas 1", "Press. Gas", "Carc. 2", "STOT RE 2 *" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Gas 1", "class": "Flam. Gas", "category": "1", "plain": "flammable gas" }, { "code": "Press. Gas", "class": "Press. Gas", "category": null, "plain": "gas under pressure" }, { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 2 *", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "2 *", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H220", "H351", "H373" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "850,000,000 – <1,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 850000000, "reported_name": "Methane, chloro-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "850,000,000 – <1,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 850000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "850,000,000 – <1,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 850000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Methyl chloride (or Chloromethane)", "source_categories": [ "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 3, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.189227, "weight_percent_median": 0.412446, "weight_percent_max": 0.651834, "measurements": 3 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.17235, "weight_percent_median": 0.249871, "weight_percent_max": 0.651834, "measurements": 5 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.082502, "weight_percent_median": 0.263619, "weight_percent_max": 1.048638, "measurements": 4 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2000" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.120279, "weight_percent_median": 0.238188, "weight_percent_max": 0.746269, "measurements": 4 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 511883.948, "facilities": 55, "states": 18, "reported_name": "Chloromethane", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 12271092.3, "facilities": 39, "provinces": 8, "reported_name": "Chloromethane", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Chloromethane", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.09, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 94.0, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 190.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "chromium-6": { "slug": "chromium-6", "name": "Hexavalent chromium (chromium-6)", "cas": "18540-29-9", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/chromium-6", "verdict": { "verdict": "complicated", "label": "Real — patchily regulated", "why": "Hexavalent chromium is a known carcinogen — and not the same as the chromium-3 in supplements. The federal limit only covers total chromium; there's no national chromium-6-specific standard. California set the first one in 2024 (10 µg/L), a value its own health goal puts 500× lower.", "matters": "read your utility's chromium number. On a well near industry or chromium-bearing rock, test for hexavalent chromium specifically. Reverse osmosis or anion exchange removes it.", "tiers": [ "regulatory" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes ~90–99% of PFAS (long- and short-chain) plus most dissolved metals, nitrate and fluoride — the broadest single fix.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research; NSF/ANSI 58", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Anion-exchange resin filter", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes both long- AND short-chain PFAS better than carbon; also targets nitrate and chromium-6.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.115661, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "2002-2024", "total_releases_kg": 127068.223, "facilities": 633, "provinces": 10, "reported_name": "Hexavalent chromium (and its compounds)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Chromium(VI)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 3e-05, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 9.2e-05, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0009, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.11, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 37, "sleep_related_alerts": 36, "countries": [ "Italy", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "1630/10", "year": "2010", "week": "44", "date": "05/11/2010", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Jacket", "brand": "L & S", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Seizure ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Jacket The product poses a chemical risk because it contains Hexavalent Chromium, in concentrations varying from 2.4 to 19.2 mg/kg. Given th", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "1629/10", "year": "2010", "week": "44", "date": "05/11/2010", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Jacket", "brand": "L & S", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Seizure ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Jacket The product poses a chemical risk because it contains Hexavalent Chromium, in concentrations varying from 2.4 to 19.2 mg/kg. Given th", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "1628/10", "year": "2010", "week": "44", "date": "05/11/2010", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Woman's jumper", "brand": "L & S", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Seizure ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Woman's jumper The product poses a chemical risk because it contains Hexavalent Chromium, in concentrations varying from 2.4 to 19.2 mg/kg. Given th", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "1627/10", "year": "2010", "week": "44", "date": "05/11/2010", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Woman's jumper", "brand": "L & S", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Seizure ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Woman's jumper The product poses a chemical risk because it contains Hexavalent Chromium, in concentrations varying from 2.4 to 19.2 mg/kg. Given th", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "1626/10", "year": "2010", "week": "44", "date": "05/11/2010", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Woman's jumper", "brand": "L & S", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Seizure ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Woman's jumper The product poses a chemical risk because it contains Hexavalent Chromium, in concentrations varying from 2.4 to 19.2 mg/kg. Given th", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "1625/10", "year": "2010", "week": "44", "date": "05/11/2010", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Woman's dress", "brand": "L & S", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Seizure ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Woman's dress The product poses a chemical risk because it contains Hexavalent Chromium, in concentrations varying from 2.4 to 19.2 mg/kg. Given th", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": true } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "remediation", "air", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "dep": { "slug": "dep", "name": "Diethyl phthalate", "cas": "84-66-2", "family": "phth", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dep", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Monoethyl phthalate (MEP)", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "22", "p95": "280E", "detection_pct": "99.2", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.4, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "11034", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/diethyl-phthalate-in-people.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Monoethyl phthalate (MEP)", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "22", "p95": "280E", "detection_pct": "99.2", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.4, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "11034", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/diethyl-phthalate-in-people.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Damp-dusting + HEPA vacuuming (weekly)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "A randomized housing intervention including dust mitigation was associated with ~23% lower urinary DEHP metabolites in young children (95% CI −38 to −3).", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Fossa et al. 2024, Environment International", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108994" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000, "reported_name": "1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-diethyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "1994-2012", "total_releases_kg": 92.0, "facilities": 6, "provinces": 2, "reported_name": "Diethyl phthalate", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Diethyl Phthalate", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.8, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 15000.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "remediation", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "dimethylformamide": { "slug": "dimethylformamide", "name": "Dimethylformamide (DMF)", "cas": "68-12-2", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dimethylformamide", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 2017, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "76" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "76", "substance_name": "N,N-dimethylformamide", "cas": "68-12-2", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/3dfadfba-a9bd-9b66-4868-153dd9034b7b", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)" ], "first_listed": "19-Dec-2012", "first_listed_iso": "2012-12-19", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Repr. 1B", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Eye Irrit. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H312", "H319", "H332", "H360D" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "85,000,000 – <100,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 85000000, "reported_name": "Formamide, N,N-dimethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "85,000,000 – <100,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 85000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "70,000,000 – <85,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 70000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "55,000,000 – <70,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 55000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "40,000,000 – <55,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 40000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 1002241.342, "facilities": 129, "states": 35, "reported_name": "N,N-Dimethylformamide", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "2001-2024", "total_releases_kg": 150113.86, "facilities": 26, "provinces": 3, "reported_name": "n,n-Dimethylformamide", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Dimethylformamide", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.03, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 31.0, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.1, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 61.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 20, "sleep_related_alerts": 3, "countries": [ "Denmark", "Germany", "Italy", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0742/06", "year": "2006", "week": "46", "date": "24/11/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary recall from consumers.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "men and unborn children due to excessive release of solvent dimethylformamide which can be inhaled when the jacket is worn. The dose rega", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "A12/0992/12", "year": "2012", "week": "28", "date": "13/07/2012", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Ladies’ shoes", "brand": "FLY FLOT", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "contains 7 mg/kg of Chromium (VI). In addition, the product contains dimethylformamide in concentration of 39-53 mg/kg.Chromium (VI) is classified", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "A12/1625/18", "year": "2018", "week": "44", "date": "02/11/2018", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Squeezable toy", "brand": "Liniex APS", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 20/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 20/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 21/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 21/06/2018", "evidence_phrase": "Squeezable toy The product contains the substances N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyl-aminoethanol, cyclohexanone, triethylenediami", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1626/18", "year": "2018", "week": "44", "date": "02/11/2018", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Squeezable toy", "brand": "Liniex APS", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 19/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 19/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 21/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ExporterCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 21/06/2018", "evidence_phrase": "Squeezable toy The product contains the substances N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyl-aminoethanol, cyclohexanone, triethylenediami", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1634/18", "year": "2018", "week": "44", "date": "02/11/2018", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Squeezable toy", "brand": "Amigazone", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): The product listing has been removed from the online marketplaceDate of entry into force: 22/08/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 22/08/2018", "evidence_phrase": "Squeezable toy The product contains the substances dimethylformamide, cyclohexanone, triethylenediamine and 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethy", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1635/18", "year": "2018", "week": "44", "date": "02/11/2018", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Squeezable toy", "brand": "Dingxu's store", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): The product listing has been removed from the online marketplaceDate of entry into force: 22/08/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 22/08/2018", "evidence_phrase": "Squeezable toy The product contains the substances N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethyl-aminoethanol, cyclohexanone and triethylenedi", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "dinp": { "slug": "dinp", "name": "Diisononyl phthalate", "cas": "28553-12-0", "family": "phth", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dinp", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "The DEHP replacement — and newly classified", "why": "DiNP is what largely replaced DEHP in soft plastics, and it was long treated as the safer option. In July 2026 IARC classified it Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic), which is a real update to that story — though it remains less potent as an endocrine disruptor than the DEHP it replaced.", "matters": "Another reason not to assume a replacement is automatically safe. Dust control is still the lever; the panic move — throwing out the mattress — is not supported.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Mono(carboxyisooctyl) phthalate (MCiOP)", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "0.97", "p95": "7.2", "detection_pct": "84.2", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 87.4, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "5241", "cycles": "2", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono(carboxyisooctyl) phthalate (MCIOP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-5.html#s14-1" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Mono(carboxyisooctyl) phthalate (MCiOP)", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "0.97", "p95": "7.2", "detection_pct": "84.2", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 87.4, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "5241", "cycles": "2", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono(carboxyisooctyl) phthalate (MCIOP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-5.html#s14-1" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 2013, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "52" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "52", "substance_name": "Di-“isononyl” phthalate (DINP)", "cas": "28553-12-0", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/0923c10f-5495-16ee-5c0f-dd3613fbde6d", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Damp-dusting + HEPA vacuuming (weekly)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "A randomized housing intervention including dust mitigation was associated with ~23% lower urinary DEHP metabolites in young children (95% CI −38 to −3).", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Fossa et al. 2024, Environment International", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108994" }, { "action": "Mattress cover / dust-mite encasement", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Homes using a mattress cover had measurably lower DEHP in settled dust in a Canadian cohort.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Zhang et al. 2023, CHILD cohort (as cited on the DEHP page)", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/atlas/dehp" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-diisononyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "40,000,000 – <55,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 40000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1161, "sleep_related_alerts": 1, "countries": [ "Czechia", "Denmark", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Lithuania", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0456/05", "year": "2005", "week": "34", "date": "26/08/2005", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical, Injuries", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): No remaining stocks, no tracing of distribution list. Authorities in search of distribution channels for eventual removal from the market.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ddition, presence of phthalate plasticisers (DEHP 40.3% and DINP 1.5% banned under national provisions were identified.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0475/05", "year": "2005", "week": "35", "date": "02/09/2005", "notifying_country": "Hungary", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Prohibition of distribution ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Chemical risk. The teats contain more DEHP and DINP phthalates than allowed. There is no consumer information,", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0471/05", "year": "2005", "week": "35", "date": "02/09/2005", "notifying_country": "Hungary", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Placing on the market prohibited and recall from consumers ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "k. The teat contains more DEHP phthalate (51.65 g/100g) and DINP phthalate (0.5g /100g) than allowed by the legislation.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0018/05", "year": "2005", "week": "4", "date": "23/01/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from distribution.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "the two lifebuoys contains excessive quantity of phthalate (DINP).", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0045/05", "year": "2005", "week": "6", "date": "11/02/2005", "notifying_country": "Hungary", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical, Suffocation", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Placing on the market prohibited and recall from consumers ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ontent of phthalates in the toys: DEHP: 13,0-34,0 %m/m, and DINP: 0,5-18,6 %m/m.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0311/06", "year": "2006", "week": "22", "date": "09/06/2006", "notifying_country": "Hungary", "product_category": "Toys", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical, Choking", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Ban of sale, withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers ordered by the authority.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "tains DEHP phthalate with a mass content of 30% and the cow contains DINP phthalate with a mass content of 4,8% and DEHP phthalate wi", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "fluoride": { "slug": "fluoride", "name": "Fluoride", "cas": "16984-48-8", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/fluoride", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Fluoride", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "4 (2014–2015)", "geo_mean": "0.47", "p95": "1.4", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.4, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "16410", "cycles": "6", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "fluoride", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/fluoride-in-people.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Fluoride", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "4 (2014–2015)", "geo_mean": "0.47", "p95": "1.4", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": false, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.4, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "16410", "cycles": "6", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "fluoride", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/fluoride-in-people.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes ~90–99% of PFAS (long- and short-chain) plus most dissolved metals, nitrate and fluoride — the broadest single fix.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research; NSF/ANSI 58", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "50,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000, "reported_name": "Fluoride", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "50,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <550,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Fluoride", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.013, "inhalation_rfc_source": "Cal EPA", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 14.0, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.04, "oral_rfd_source": "Cal EPA", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 800.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 2, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Cyprus", "Finland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0499/08", "year": "2008", "week": "18", "date": "09/05/2008", "notifying_country": "Cyprus", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Toothpaste - Junior Fluoride toothpaste with free toothbrush", "brand": "DENTA-KLEEN", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and recall from consumers ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Toothpaste - Junior Fluoride toothpaste with free toothbrush The product poses a chemica", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00097/21", "year": "2021", "week": "4", "date": "29/01/2021", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Teeth whitening kit", "brand": "DMC", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 17/12/2020", "evidence_phrase": "Teeth whitening kit The product contains too much sodium fluoride (measured value up to 2% by weight). At high concentrations", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "remediation", "commerce", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "formamide": { "slug": "formamide", "name": "Formamide", "cas": "75-12-7", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/formamide", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)" ], "first_listed": "18-Jun-2012", "first_listed_iso": "2012-06-18", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Repr. 1B" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H360D" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "50,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000, "reported_name": "Formamide", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "50,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "50,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "50,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "50,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Formamide (or Carbamaldehyde; Methanamide || Amid kyseliny mravenci || Formimidic acid)", "source_categories": [ "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 18, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.02234, "weight_percent_median": 0.037079, "weight_percent_max": 0.090044, "measurements": 18 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 757.516, "facilities": 5, "states": 5, "reported_name": "Formamide", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Germany" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "SR/01554/26", "year": "2026", "week": "22", "date": "05/06/2026", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Puzzle mat", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical, Suffocation", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 06/05/2026Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 06/05/2026Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Destruction of the productDate of entry into force: 06/05/2026", "evidence_phrase": "Puzzle mat The product may contain formamide, plasticizers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and flame r", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "hydrogen-cyanide": { "slug": "hydrogen-cyanide", "name": "Hydrogen cyanide", "cas": "74-90-8", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/hydrogen-cyanide", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 1", "Acute Tox. 2 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1", "Acute Tox. 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 1", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "1", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 2 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "2 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 1", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "1", "plain": "acute toxicity" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H224", "H300", "H310", "H330", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "700,000,000 – <850,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 700000000, "reported_name": "Hydrocyanic acid", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "700,000,000 – <850,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 700000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "850,000,000 – <1,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 850000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Hydrogen cyanide (or Hydrocyanic acid || Formonitrile)", "source_categories": [ "prescribed_fire", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 22, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010", "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.336015, "weight_percent_median": 0.990998, "weight_percent_max": 6.732157, "measurements": 22 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.807465, "weight_percent_median": 1.19627, "weight_percent_max": 2.159439, "measurements": 4 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 3453960.321, "facilities": 135, "states": 31, "reported_name": "Hydrogen cyanide", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1994-2024", "total_releases_kg": 2243714.638, "facilities": 40, "provinces": 6, "reported_name": "Hydrogen cyanide", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Hydrogen Cyanide", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.0008, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.83, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0006, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 1.5, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "mda": { "slug": "mda", "name": "4,4′-Methylenedianiline (MDA)", "cas": "101-77-9", "family": "acryl", "atlas_url": "/atlas/mda", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary 4,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethane (4MDA) (2015 - 2016)", "matrix": "", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 0.378, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_authorisation": { "dataset": "ECHA, Authorisation List (REACH Annex XIV)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/authorisation-list", "on_authorisation_list": true, "earliest_sunset": "21-Aug-2014", "earliest_sunset_iso": "2014-08-21", "sunset_in_force": true, "entries": [ { "entry_no": "02", "substance_name": "4,4’- Diaminodiphenylmethane (MDA)", "cas": "101-77-9", "latest_application_date": "21-Feb-2013", "sunset_date": "21-Aug-2014", "sunset_date_iso": "2014-08-21", "sunset_passed": true, "intrinsic_property": [ "Carcinogenic (Article 57a)" ] } ], "means": "After the sunset date the substance may not be used or placed on the EU market unless a specific authorisation has been granted for that use." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "carcinogenic" ], "reasons": [ "Carcinogenic (Article 57a)" ], "first_listed": "28-Oct-2008", "first_listed_iso": "2008-10-28", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B", "Muta. 2", "STOT SE 1", "STOT RE 2 *", "Skin Sens. 1", "Aquatic Chronic 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 2", "class": "Muta.", "category": "2", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "STOT SE 1", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "STOT RE 2 *", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "2 *", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 2", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "2", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H317", "H341", "H350", "H370", "H373", "H411" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": "2", "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000, "reported_name": "Benzenamine, 4,4'-methylenebis-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 77081.339, "facilities": 19, "states": 12, "reported_name": "4,4'-Methylenedianiline", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1995-2023", "total_releases_kg": 115.2, "facilities": 4, "provinces": 2, "reported_name": "p,p'-Methylenedianiline", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Methylenebisbenzenamine, 4,4'-", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.02, "inhalation_rfc_source": "Cal EPA", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.0061, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.047, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "ndma": { "slug": "ndma", "name": "N-Nitrosodimethylamine", "cas": "62-75-9", "family": "ths", "atlas_url": "/atlas/ndma", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 2 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 2nd cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 2, "period": "2008-2010", "systems_sampled": 1198, "systems_with_detection": 324, "detection_pct": 27.05, "max_ugL": 0.63, "min_reporting_level": 0.002, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 2 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 2, "period": "2008-2010", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 2 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 2nd cycle", "analyte": "NDMA", "systems_sampled": 1198, "systems_with_detection": 324, "detection_pct": 27.05, "max_ugL": 0.63, "median_detect_ugL": 0.0051, "min_reporting_level": 0.002, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B", "Acute Tox. 2 *", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "STOT RE 1", "Aquatic Chronic 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 2 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "2 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 2", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "2", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H330", "H350", "H372", "H411" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.001186, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Nitrosodimethylamine, N-", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 4e-05, "inhalation_rfc_source": "PPRTV appendix", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 7.2e-05, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 8e-06, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.00011, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 19, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Croatia", "Cyprus", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Ireland", "Poland", "Slovenia" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "1589/10", "year": "2010", "week": "43", "date": "29/10/2010", "notifying_country": "Greece", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": "Soother - PHYSIOSOFT GOMMOTO SOOTHER 0+", "brand": "CHICCO", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Recall from the consumers ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ctable nitrosable amines (as NA) - N-nitroso-dimethylamine (NDMA).The product does not comply with the Directive 93/11/EC an", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0758/12", "year": "2012", "week": "20", "date": "18/05/2012", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Balloons \"Happy Party\"", "brand": "TIB", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "contains nitrosamines. Total content: 0.846 mg/kg, of which NDMA 0.468 mg/kg, NDnBA 0.378 mg/kg.The product does not comply", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00031/19", "year": "2019", "week": "51", "date": "20/12/2019", "notifying_country": "Slovenia", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Balloons", "brand": "belbal", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 03/12/2019", "evidence_phrase": "s an excessive amount of nitrosatable substances generating n-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)(measured value: 1.2 mg/ kg).NDMA is a nitrosamine, w", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00973/20", "year": "2020", "week": "28", "date": "10/07/2020", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Balloons", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 22/06/2020", "evidence_phrase": "The rubber of the balloons releases an excessive amount of n-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)(measured value: 0.36 mg/kg).NDMA is a nitrosamine, w", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00373/21", "year": "2021", "week": "11", "date": "19/03/2021", "notifying_country": "Cyprus", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Balloons", "brand": "VIOSARP", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 20/01/2021Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Destruction of the productDate of entry into force: 20/01/2021", "evidence_phrase": "s an excessive amount of nitrosatable substances generating n-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA)(measured value: 1.6 mg/ kg). NDMA is a nitrosamine,", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00815/21", "year": "2021", "week": "23", "date": "11/06/2021", "notifying_country": "Cyprus", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Toys", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 20/01/2021", "evidence_phrase": "itrosamines (measured total value: 0.06 mg/kg), among which n-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). Nitrosamamines may cause cancer through ingestion o", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "environment", "regulatory", "air", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "nicotine": { "slug": "nicotine", "name": "Nicotine", "cas": "54-11-5", "family": "ths", "atlas_url": "/atlas/nicotine", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Total Nicotine in Smokers (2013 - 2018)", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 656.0, "p95": 6230.0, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "cotinine (smokers)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.9, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "492", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "cotinine (smokers)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-3.html#s10-1" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1990, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 2", "Aquatic Chronic 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 2", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "2", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 2", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "2", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H300", "H310", "H330", "H411" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Combined dry/damp and wet cleaning of hard surfaces", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In homes with smoking bans, combined cleaning left surface nicotine 43% lower immediately and 53% lower three months on. Dust nicotine dropped 60% immediately, then returned to pre-cleaning levels within three months.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Matt GE et al. (2020). Remediating Thirdhand Smoke Pollution in Multiunit Housing: Temporary Reductions and the Challenges of Persistent Reservoirs. Nicotine & Tobacco Research.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa151" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Nicotine", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 7.407407, "weight_percent_median": 7.407407, "weight_percent_max": 7.407407, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 7.579563, "weight_percent_median": 7.579563, "weight_percent_max": 7.579563, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 474, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Denmark", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Ireland", "Italy", "Latvia", "Lithuania", "Spain", "The Netherlands" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0002/12", "year": "2012", "week": "1", "date": "06/01/2012", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Other - -", "product": "Liquid for e-cigarettes 1. Turkish Tobacco Med", "brand": "Esco Technology", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "l not ingest the product. The \"Strawberry Low\" sample had a nicotine yield of 9.3 g/kg. In the \"Turkish Tobacco Med\" sample, a n", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0429/12", "year": "2012", "week": "10", "date": "09/03/2012", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Liquid for electronic cigarette \"Tribeca\"", "brand": "Halo", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "\"Tribeca\" null The product poses a chemical risk because it contains nicotine dosed at 1.7%, which falls within the \"Toxic\" category when", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0430/12", "year": "2012", "week": "10", "date": "09/03/2012", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Liquid for electronic cigarette\"Pineapple\"", "brand": "Dekang", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "ineapple\" null The product poses a chemical risk because it contains nicotine dosed at 1.1%, which falls within the \"Toxic\" category when", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0431/12", "year": "2012", "week": "10", "date": "09/03/2012", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Liquid for electronic cigarette\"Coolmist\"", "brand": "Halo", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "Coolmist\" null The product poses a chemical risk because it contains nicotine dosed at 1.2%, which falls within the \"Toxic\" category when", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0432/12", "year": "2012", "week": "10", "date": "09/03/2012", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Liquid for electronic cigarette\"Desert ship\"", "brand": "Dekang", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "ert ship\" null The product poses a chemical risk because it contains nicotine dosed at 1.8%, which falls within the \"Toxic\" category when", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0433/12", "year": "2012", "week": "10", "date": "09/03/2012", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Liquid for electronic cigarette\"Prime 15\"", "brand": "Halo", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "Prime 15\" null The product poses a chemical risk because it contains nicotine dosed at 0.6%, which falls within the \"harmful\" category wh", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "smoke", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "nitrate": { "slug": "nitrate", "name": "Nitrate", "cas": "14797-55-8", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/nitrate", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "Real for wells & infants", "why": "Nitrate leaches into groundwater from fertilizer and septic systems, so it's mainly a private-well issue. It causes \"blue-baby syndrome\" in infants — and newer evidence links colorectal cancer to levels below the legal limit. It's colorless and tasteless.", "matters": "on a well, test for nitrate — and again before mixing infant formula. Never boil to fix it; boiling concentrates nitrate. Reverse osmosis removes it; carbon filters don't.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Perchlorate (2011 - 2018)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 2.29, "p95": 8.89, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes ~90–99% of PFAS (long- and short-chain) plus most dissolved metals, nitrate and fluoride — the broadest single fix.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research; NSF/ANSI 58", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Anion-exchange resin filter", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes both long- AND short-chain PFAS better than carbon; also targets nitrate and chromium-6.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Boiling the water", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "Does NOT remove PFAS, nitrate, or algal toxins — and CONCENTRATES them as water evaporates.", "tier": "regulatory", "source": "US EPA PFAS guidance", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Nitrate", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 63, "draft_profiles": 2, "test_years": [ "1995", "1997", "1999", "2002", "2017", "2018", "2019" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.188934, "weight_percent_max": 4.05, "measurements": 63 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 27, "draft_profiles": 4, "test_years": [ "2002", "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.649, "weight_percent_max": 4.05, "measurements": 27 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 200, "draft_profiles": 13, "test_years": [ "1988", "1988-1997", "1995", "1995-2001", "1997", "1997, 1998, 2001", "1998", "1998, 2001", "2001", "2002", "2003", "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.168818, "weight_percent_max": 4.5966, "measurements": 200 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 7, "draft_profiles": 2, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.06, "weight_percent_max": 0.071, "measurements": 7 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "1995-2024", "total_releases_kg": 1594495083.631, "facilities": 773, "provinces": 13, "reported_name": "Nitrate ion in solution at pH >= 6.0", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Nitrate (measured as nitrogen)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 1.6, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 32000.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "remediation", "smoke", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "pfba": { "slug": "pfba", "name": "Perfluorobutanoic acid", "cas": "375-22-4", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pfba", "verdict": { "verdict": "complicated", "label": "Short-chain, ubiquitous, unregulated", "why": "One of the most-detected PFAS in US water and among the shortest chains, which means it clears the human body far faster than PFOA — but it is also the hardest to filter out and carries no federal limit.", "matters": "Reverse osmosis or anion exchange if you're treating for PFAS. The short half-life is genuinely reassuring; the regulatory gap genuinely isn't.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json", "hazard": "Low intrinsic toxicity; short (~days) half-life", "persistence": "Extremely persistent", "evidence": "Moderate" }, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 1893, "detection_pct": 18.4, "max_ugL": 1.7, "min_reporting_level": 0.005, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 5 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "Perfluorobutanoic acid", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 1893, "detection_pct": 18.4, "max_ugL": 1.7, "median_detect_ugL": 0.0077, "min_reporting_level": 0.005, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) (2013 - 2014)", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 0.3, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 5.4, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "6623", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-canadians.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes ~90–99% of PFAS (long- and short-chain) plus most dissolved metals, nitrate and fluoride — the broadest single fix.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research; NSF/ANSI 58", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Anion-exchange resin filter", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes both long- AND short-chain PFAS better than carbon; also targets nitrate and chromium-6.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 980.819, "facilities": 8, "states": 8, "reported_name": "Perfluorobutanoic acid", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": true }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.001, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 18.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "remediation", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "pfbs": { "slug": "pfbs", "name": "Perfluorobutane sulfonate", "cas": "375-73-5", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pfbs", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 1674, "detection_pct": 16.27, "max_ugL": 0.29, "min_reporting_level": 0.003, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 5, 3 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 1674, "detection_pct": 16.27, "max_ugL": 0.29, "median_detect_ugL": 0.0048, "min_reporting_level": 0.003, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null }, { "cycle": 3, "period": "2013-2015", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 3 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 3rd cycle", "analyte": "Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid", "systems_sampled": 4920, "systems_with_detection": 8, "detection_pct": 0.16, "max_ugL": 0.37, "median_detect_ugL": 0.15, "min_reporting_level": 0.09, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) (2011 - 2014)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.2, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "6622", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-canadians.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Equivalent level of concern having probable serious effects to human health (Article 57(f) - human health)", "Equivalent level of concern having probable serious effects to the environment (Article 57(f) - environment)" ], "first_listed": "16-Jan-2020", "first_listed_iso": "2020-01-16", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 389.069, "facilities": 8, "states": 7, "reported_name": "Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": true }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Perfluorobutanesulfonic acid (PFBS)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0003, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 6.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "pfda": { "slug": "pfda", "name": "Perfluorodecanoic acid", "cas": "335-76-2", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pfda", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 15, "detection_pct": 0.15, "max_ugL": 0.0124, "min_reporting_level": 0.003, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 5 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "Perfluorodecanoic acid", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 15, "detection_pct": 0.15, "max_ugL": 0.0124, "median_detect_ugL": 0.0039, "min_reporting_level": 0.003, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 0.193, "p95": 0.6, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)", "matrix": "Plasma", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "0.18", "p95": "0.64", "detection_pct": "91.4", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 67.6, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "6238", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-canadians.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "68" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "68", "substance_name": "Nonadecafluorodecanoic acid", "cas": "335-76-2", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/f9e7b269-87cd-fc26-1a8e-b8c8b6e40c08", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction", "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)", "PBT (Article 57d)" ], "first_listed": "12-Jan-2017", "first_listed_iso": "2017-01-12", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 522.884, "facilities": 5, "states": 5, "reported_name": "Perfluorodecanoic acid", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": true }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 2e-09, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 4e-05, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "pfhxa": { "slug": "pfhxa", "name": "Perfluorohexanoic acid", "cas": "307-24-4", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pfhxa", "verdict": { "verdict": "complicated", "label": "Short-chain, ubiquitous, unregulated", "why": "Another of the short-chain PFAS that replaced the long-chain ones — widely detected in tap water, outside every federal limit, and poorly captured by ordinary carbon filtration. Less bioaccumulative than PFOA, but extremely mobile and persistent in water.", "matters": "Same fix as the other short-chains: reverse osmosis or anion exchange, not a carbon pitcher. Its presence is a fact; its risk is still being established.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json", "hazard": "Low-to-moderate; short half-life", "persistence": "Extremely persistent", "evidence": "Moderate" }, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 1778, "detection_pct": 17.28, "max_ugL": 0.26, "min_reporting_level": 0.003, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 5 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "Perfluorohexanoic acid", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 1778, "detection_pct": 17.28, "max_ugL": 0.26, "median_detect_ugL": 0.0052, "min_reporting_level": 0.003, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) (2017 - 2018)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 1.0, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "6629", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/per-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-canadians.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes ~90–99% of PFAS (long- and short-chain) plus most dissolved metals, nitrate and fluoride — the broadest single fix.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research; NSF/ANSI 58", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Anion-exchange resin filter", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes both long- AND short-chain PFAS better than carbon; also targets nitrate and chromium-6.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Avoid stain-/water-proofed textiles and grease-proof packaging", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Cuts a real PFAS input route — treated carpets, upholstery, 'stain-resistant' fabrics and fast-food wrappers shed PFAS into dust and food.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "PFAS source-reduction rationale; see the PFAS pages", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/pfas-tap-water" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 115.998, "facilities": 10, "states": 9, "reported_name": "Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": true }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0005, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 9.9, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "remediation", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "propoxur": { "slug": "propoxur", "name": "Propoxur (Baygon)", "cas": "114-26-1", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/propoxur", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "2-isopropoxyphenol", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.2, "detection_year": "2009–2011", "total_n": "2560", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "2-isopropoxyphenol", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/second-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2013.html#a14.2" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "2-isopropoxyphenol", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.2, "detection_year": "2009–2011", "total_n": "2560", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "2-isopropoxyphenol", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/second-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2013.html#a14.2" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 2006, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 3 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 513.765, "facilities": 3, "states": 2, "reported_name": "Propoxur", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Phenol, 2-(1-methylethoxy)-, methylcarbamate", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.004, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 78.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "France" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/01832/24", "year": "2024", "week": "28", "date": "12/07/2024", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Insecticide", "brand": "Green River", "risk_type": "Chemical, Environment", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 28/05/2024", "evidence_phrase": "Insecticide The product contains propoxur, a substance that is toxic if swallowed and very toxic to a", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "propylene-oxide": { "slug": "propylene-oxide", "name": "Propylene oxide", "cas": "75-56-9", "family": "acryl", "atlas_url": "/atlas/propylene-oxide", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "carcinogenic", "mutagenic" ], "reasons": [ "Carcinogenic (Article 57a)", "Mutagenic (Article 57b)" ], "first_listed": "19-Dec-2012", "first_listed_iso": "2012-12-19", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 1", "Carc. 1B", "Muta. 1B", "Acute Tox. 3", "Acute Tox. 4", "STOT SE 3", "Eye Irrit. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 1", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "1", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 1B", "class": "Muta.", "category": "1B", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H224", "H302", "H311", "H319", "H331", "H335", "H340", "H350" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": "1B", "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.001197, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000, "reported_name": "Oxirane, 2-methyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 157274.862, "facilities": 85, "states": 31, "reported_name": "Propylene oxide", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 155073.1, "facilities": 18, "provinces": 3, "reported_name": "Propylene oxide", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Propylene Oxide", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.03, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.76, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.27, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "tcpp": { "slug": "tcpp", "name": "Tris(chloroisopropyl) phosphate", "cas": "13674-84-5", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/tcpp", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "The flame retardant that replaced the banned one", "why": "TCPP is the chlorinated flame retardant now widely used in polyurethane foam after its cousin TDCPP (chlorinated tris) fell out of favour. It sheds from foam into house dust, and it's under active EU and EPA review — the honest position is that it's less studied than the compound it replaced, not proven safe.", "matters": "Same lever as the other foam additives: control dust, and choose foam that meets flammability standards without added halogenated retardants where you can. Don't discard a mattress you already own over it.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "inferred" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bis(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (BCPP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 71.9, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "2399", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bis(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (BCPP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/organophosphate-flame-retardants-in-people.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bis(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (BCPP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 71.9, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "2399", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bis(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (BCPP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/organophosphate-flame-retardants-in-people.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Damp-dusting + HEPA vacuuming (weekly)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "A randomized housing intervention including dust mitigation was associated with ~23% lower urinary DEHP metabolites in young children (95% CI −38 to −3).", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Fossa et al. 2024, Environment International", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108994" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "40,000,000 – <55,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 40000000, "reported_name": "2-Propanol, 1-chloro-, 2,2',2''-phosphate", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "40,000,000 – <55,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 40000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "55,000,000 – <70,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 55000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "70,000,000 – <85,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 70000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "55,000,000 – <70,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 55000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Tris(1-chloro-2-propyl)phosphate", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.01, "oral_rfd_source": "PPRTV appendix", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 190.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 9, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Denmark", "Germany", "Poland", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0811/15", "year": "2015", "week": "26", "date": "03/07/2015", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": "Baby carrier", "brand": "Infantino", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 25/03/2015Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 25/03/2015", "evidence_phrase": "migration 620 mg/m2) and tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) (measured values: quantity 16300 mg/kg; migration 1100 mg/", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A11/0013/17", "year": "2017", "week": "5", "date": "03/02/2017", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Bath toy", "brand": "Coppenrath", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 16/12/2016", "evidence_phrase": "ins the flame retardants tris(1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) (measured value 14 mg/kg) and tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl)p", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A11/00069/20", "year": "2020", "week": "32", "date": "07/08/2020", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Bath book", "brand": "caramel publishing", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 18/06/2020", "evidence_phrase": ") phosphate (TCEP), Tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate (TCPP) and Tris[2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)ethyl] phosphate (TDCP)", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00471/21", "year": "2021", "week": "14", "date": "09/04/2021", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Jumpbag", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Stop of salesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "the flame retardant tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate (TCPP) (measured values: up to 24 mg/kg).TCPP can be harmful to c", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00509/21", "year": "2021", "week": "15", "date": "16/04/2021", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Toy foam block", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Temporary ban on the supply, offer to supply and display of the productDate of entry into force: 16/12/2020Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Conformity defects will be resolvedDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "the flame retardant tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl phosphate (TCPP) (measured value: 7 mg/kg). TCPP can be harmful to children", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00521/21", "year": "2021", "week": "16", "date": "23/04/2021", "notifying_country": "Poland", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Acivity toy", "brand": "Gazelo Toys", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 28/01/2021Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Destruction of the productDate of entry into force: 28/01/2021", "evidence_phrase": "s the flame retardant tris(2-chlor-1-methylethyl phosphate (TCPP) (measured value: 18,7 mg/kg).TCPP can be harmful to childr", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "remediation", "commerce", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "tdi": { "slug": "tdi", "name": "Toluene diisocyanate", "cas": "584-84-9", "family": "acryl", "atlas_url": "/atlas/tdi", "verdict": { "verdict": "mild", "label": "Mostly a factory concern, not a bedroom one", "why": "Isocyanates are the reactive chemicals used to make polyurethane foam. They're a genuine occupational hazard in the factory — but they react during manufacturing, so residual levels in a finished, aired-out mattress are very low.", "matters": "not a meaningful day-to-day exposure for a sleeper on a cured mattress. Airing out a new one is enough; this is a worker-safety issue, not a bedroom one.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "inferred" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1989, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "74" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "74", "substance_name": "4-methyl-m-phenylene diisocyanate", "cas": "584-84-9", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/503ac424-3bcb-137b-9247-09e41eb6dd5a", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.001092, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000, "reported_name": "Benzene, 2,4-diisocyanato-1-methyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 121869.987, "facilities": 58, "states": 29, "reported_name": "Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1994-2024", "total_releases_kg": 1455.246, "facilities": 30, "provinces": 4, "reported_name": "Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Toluene-2,4-diisocyanate", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 8e-06, "inhalation_rfc_source": "Cal EPA", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.0083, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.017, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "toxaphene": { "slug": "toxaphene", "name": "Toxaphene", "cas": "8001-35-2", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/toxaphene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "toxaphene parlar 50", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 43.0, "detection_year": "2007–2009", "total_n": "1667", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "toxaphene parlar 50", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/8-results-chemical-group-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2010.html#n8_2_7" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "toxaphene parlar 50", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 43.0, "detection_year": "2007–2009", "total_n": "1667", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "toxaphene parlar 50", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/8-results-chemical-group-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2010.html#n8_2_7" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "STOT SE 3", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H312", "H315", "H335", "H351", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Toxaphene", "cas": "8001-35-2", "ec_number": "232-283-3", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "None", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": null, "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 2e-06, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 1804.172, "facilities": 17, "states": 10, "reported_name": "Toxaphene", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Toxaphene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.0088, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 9e-05, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.071, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "air", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "uranium": { "slug": "uranium", "name": "Uranium", "cas": "7440-61-1", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/uranium", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Uranium (2011 - 2018)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 0.005, "p95": 0.035, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "uranium", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 95.0, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "1207", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "uranium", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/second-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2013.html#a8.17" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 2 *", "STOT RE 2 *", "Aquatic Chronic 4" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 2 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "2 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 2 *", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "2 *", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 4", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "4", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H300", "H330", "H373", "H413" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes ~90–99% of PFAS (long- and short-chain) plus most dissolved metals, nitrate and fluoride — the broadest single fix.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research; NSF/ANSI 58", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Uranium", "source_categories": [ "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 33, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1995", "1999", "2002" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0, "weight_percent_max": 0.0009, "measurements": 33 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 97, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1995", "1997", "2001", "2003" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.0, "weight_percent_max": 0.0468, "measurements": 97 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Uranium", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 4e-05, "inhalation_rfc_source": "ATSDR", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.042, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0002, "oral_rfd_source": "ATSDR", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 4.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "remediation", "smoke", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "vinyl-chloride": { "slug": "vinyl-chloride", "name": "Vinyl chloride", "cas": "75-01-4", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/vinyl-chloride", "verdict": { "verdict": "mild", "label": "A factory and water risk, not a bedroom one", "why": "Vinyl chloride is a known liver carcinogen — but the exposure that matters is occupational (PVC manufacturing) and, rarely, contaminated drinking water. Finished PVC products in the home don't off-gas meaningful vinyl chloride; the monomer is consumed in making the plastic.", "matters": "For a normal household this isn't a bedroom exposure to manage. It's on the Atlas for completeness and because it drives the safety case for how PVC is made — not because your vinyl mattress cover is emitting it.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json", "hazard": "Known human carcinogen (IARC 1)", "persistence": "Volatile; moderate", "evidence": "Strong" }, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "02" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "02", "substance_name": "Chloroethene", "cas": "75-01-4", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/a7ed88f5-3b13-46ef-8fb7-dbb08087cfeb", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Gas 1", "Press. Gas", "Carc. 1A" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Gas 1", "class": "Flam. Gas", "category": "1", "plain": "flammable gas" }, { "code": "Press. Gas", "class": "Press. Gas", "category": null, "plain": "gas under pressure" }, { "code": "Carc. 1A", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1A", "plain": "carcinogenicity" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H220", "H350" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1A", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.003438, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "15,000,000,000 – <20,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 15000000000, "reported_name": "Ethene, chloro-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "15,000,000,000 – <20,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 15000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "15,000,000,000 – <20,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 15000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "15,000,000,000 – <20,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 15000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "15,000,000,000 – <20,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 15000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 138578.682, "facilities": 33, "states": 13, "reported_name": "Vinyl chloride", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 296246.373, "facilities": 29, "provinces": 5, "reported_name": "Vinyl chloride", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Vinyl Chloride", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.0511, "inhalation_rfc_source": "ATSDR", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.17, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.003, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.019, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "air", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 5 }, "2-butoxyethanol": { "slug": "2-butoxyethanol", "name": "2-Butoxyethanol", "cas": "111-76-2", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/2-butoxyethanol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 3", "Acute Tox. 4", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 3", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H315", "H319", "H331" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000, "reported_name": "Ethanol, 2-butoxy-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "1999-2024", "total_releases_kg": 16810703.93, "facilities": 487, "provinces": 9, "reported_name": "2-Butoxyethanol", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 1.6, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 1700.0, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.1, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 2000.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "4-tert-octylphenol": { "slug": "4-tert-octylphenol", "name": "4-tert-Octylphenol", "cas": "140-66-9", "family": "dye", "atlas_url": "/atlas/4-tert-octylphenol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary 4-tert-Octylphenol (2005 - 2010)‡", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "09-10", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 0.3, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Endocrine disrupting properties (Article 57(f) - environment)" ], "first_listed": "19-Dec-2011", "first_listed_iso": "2011-12-19", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Dam. 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Dam. 1", "class": "Eye Dam.", "category": "1", "plain": "serious eye damage" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H315", "H318", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "Phenol, 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 1135.732, "facilities": 4, "states": 3, "reported_name": "p-(1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenol", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "2001-2002", "total_releases_kg": 20.0, "facilities": 1, "provinces": 1, "reported_name": "4-tert-Octylphenol", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "releases" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "aldrin": { "slug": "aldrin", "name": "Aldrin", "cas": "309-00-2", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/aldrin", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Aldrin (lipid adjusted) (2001 - 2004)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "ng/g of lipid or parts per billion on a lipid-weight basis", "cycle": "03-04", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "aldrin", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.0, "detection_year": "2007–2009", "total_n": "1666", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "aldrin", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/8-results-chemical-group-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2010.html#n8_2_1" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "STOT RE 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H311", "H351", "H372", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Aldrin", "cas": "309-00-2", "ec_number": "206-215-8", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "None", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": null, "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 22.751, "facilities": 10, "states": 7, "reported_name": "Aldrin", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Aldrin", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.00057, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 3e-05, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.00092, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "asbestos": { "slug": "asbestos", "name": "Asbestos (chrysotile/amphibole)", "cas": "1332-21-4", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/asbestos", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1987, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0, "reported_name": "Asbestos", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 13524993.089, "facilities": 31, "states": 14, "reported_name": "Asbestos (friable)", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 776979.2, "facilities": 41, "provinces": 6, "reported_name": "Asbestos (friable form only)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 103, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Bulgaria", "France", "Germany", "Ireland", "Italy", "Lithuania", "Spain", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0187/06", "year": "2006", "week": "12", "date": "31/03/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Kitchen/cooking accessories", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Placing on the market was stopped. Voluntary withdrawal of the product from the market and destruction by importer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ic container, there is a spacer about 5 mm thick containing asbestos. Marketing of asbestos is prohibited. This constitutes a ha", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0871/06", "year": "2006", "week": "51", "date": "03/01/2007", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Kitchen/cooking accessories", "product": "Thermoses and thermal containers", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban ordered by the authorityDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "nd thermal containers If the glass container breaks and the asbestos board pads are handled, asbestos fibres (carcinogenic if in", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0425/07", "year": "2007", "week": "19", "date": "18/05/2007", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Kitchen/cooking accessories", "product": "Thermos flask and containers", "brand": "Happy Casa range", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ntainers The product poses a serious risk of cancer because asbestos fibre, which could be carcinogenic if inhaled, could be rel", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0523/07", "year": "2007", "week": "23", "date": "15/06/2007", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Kitchen/cooking accessories", "product": "Thermos flasks and thermal jugs", "brand": "Wonderful life", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "mal jugs The product poses a serious risk of cancer because asbestos fibre, which could be carcinogenic if inhaled, could be rel", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0634/07", "year": "2007", "week": "26", "date": "06/07/2007", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Kitchen/cooking accessories", "product": "Thermos flasks and thermos containers", "brand": "Home", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ntainers The product poses a serious risk of cancer because asbestos fibre, which could be carcinogenic if inhaled, could be rel", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0100/07", "year": "2007", "week": "4", "date": "02/02/2007", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Motor vehicles", "product": "Replacement disc brake linings", "brand": "Safety Products", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and withdrawal from the market ordered by the authorityDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "roduct poses a chemical risk because it contains chrysolite asbestos filaments, which can be extracted from the matrix mechanica", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "us": { "dataset": "US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) recall database", "source_url": "https://www.saferproducts.gov/", "recall_count": 1, "recalls": [ { "recall_number": "26499", "date": "2026-05-21", "title": "Orb Funkee Squeeze Toys Recalled Due to Risk of Serious Injury or Death from Asbestos Exposure; Imported by The Orb Factory", "url": "https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2026/Orb-Funkee-Squeeze-Toys-Recalled-Due-to-Risk-of-Serious-Injury-or-Death-from-Asbestos-Exposure-Imported-by-The-Orb-Factory", "evidence_phrase": "Asbestos Exposure", "injuries": "None reported", "units": [ "About 121,340" ] } ], "match_basis": "compound counted only inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction; evidence_phrase records the matched wording" }, "jurisdictions": [ "us", "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "releases", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "atrazine": { "slug": "atrazine", "name": "Atrazine", "cas": "1912-24-9", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/atrazine", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Atrazine (2007 - 2008)‡", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "07-08", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "atrazine mercapturate (AM)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.2, "detection_year": "2009–2011", "total_n": "2526", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "atrazine mercapturate (AM)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/second-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2013.html#a14.1" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 2016, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "STOT RE 2 *", "Skin Sens. 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "STOT RE 2 *", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "2 *", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H317", "H373", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 391003.018, "facilities": 26, "states": 12, "reported_name": "Atrazine", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Atrazine", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.003, "oral_rfd_source": "ATSDR", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.3, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "bde-209": { "slug": "bde-209", "name": "Decabromodiphenyl ether", "cas": "1163-19-5", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/bde-209", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)", "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "PBT (Article 57d)", "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "19-Dec-2012", "first_listed_iso": "2012-12-19", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Bis(pentabromophenyl) ether (decabromodiphenyl ether; decaBDE)", "cas": "1163-19-5", "ec_number": "214-604-9", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Art. 4(1)(b) applies to concentrations of decaBDE at or below 10 mg/kg (0,001 % by weight); sum-of-BDE limits apply to recovered material and to toys and childcare articles.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": null, "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0, "reported_name": "Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis[2,3,4,5,6-pentabromo-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "22,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 22000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "55,115", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 55115 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 18719.304, "facilities": 7, "states": 7, "reported_name": "Decabromodiphenyl oxide", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1993-2019", "total_releases_kg": 5295.7, "facilities": 14, "provinces": 2, "reported_name": "Decabromodiphenyl oxide", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Decabromodiphenyl ether, 2,2',3,3',4,4',5,5',6,6'- (BDE-209)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.007, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 110.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "bde-47": { "slug": "bde-47", "name": "Tetrabromodiphenyl ether", "cas": "5436-43-1", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/bde-47", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 2 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 2nd cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 2, "period": "2008-2010", "systems_sampled": 4140, "systems_with_detection": 0, "detection_pct": 0.0, "max_ugL": null, "min_reporting_level": 0.3, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": true, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 2 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 2, "period": "2008-2010", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 2 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 2nd cycle", "analyte": "BDE-47", "systems_sampled": 4140, "systems_with_detection": 0, "detection_pct": 0.0, "max_ugL": null, "median_detect_ugL": null, "min_reporting_level": 0.3, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": true, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum 2,2’,4,4’-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 47) (lipid adjusted) (2003 - 2004)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "ng/g of lipid or parts per billion on a lipid-weight basis", "cycle": "03-04", "geo_mean": 20.5, "p95": 163.0, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "2,2’,4,4’-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE 47)", "matrix": "Plasma", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "1 (2007–2009)", "geo_mean": "0.06", "p95": "0.41", "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 73.4, "detection_year": "2007–2009", "total_n": "1668", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "PBDE 47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/8-results-chemical-group-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2010.html#n8_4" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Tetrabromodiphenyl ether", "cas": "40088-47-9", "ec_number": "254-787-2", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Art. 4(1)(b) applies to concentrations of tetrabromodiphenyl ether at or below 10 mg/kg (0,001 % by weight) in substances; derogations for EEE under Dir 2011/65/EU and for articles in use before 25 August 2010.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "Annex lists '40088-47-9 and others' / '254-787-2 and others'; primary CAS recorded", "matched_on": "name" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Tetrabromodiphenyl ether, 2,2',4,4'- (BDE-47)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0001, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 2.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "bde-99": { "slug": "bde-99", "name": "Pentabromodiphenyl ether", "cas": "60348-60-9", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/bde-99", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 2 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 2nd cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 2, "period": "2008-2010", "systems_sampled": 4140, "systems_with_detection": 0, "detection_pct": 0.0, "max_ugL": null, "min_reporting_level": 0.9, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": true, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 2 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 2, "period": "2008-2010", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 2 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 2nd cycle", "analyte": "BDE-99", "systems_sampled": 4140, "systems_with_detection": 0, "detection_pct": 0.0, "max_ugL": null, "median_detect_ugL": null, "min_reporting_level": 0.9, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": true, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "PBDE 99 (2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 26.7, "detection_year": "2007–2009", "total_n": "1665", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "PBDE 99 (2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/8-results-chemical-group-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2010.html#n8_4" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "PBDE 99 (2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 26.7, "detection_year": "2007–2009", "total_n": "1665", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "PBDE 99 (2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/8-results-chemical-group-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2010.html#n8_4" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Pentabromodiphenyl ether", "cas": "32534-81-9", "ec_number": "251-084-2", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Art. 4(1)(b) applies at or below 10 mg/kg (0,001 % by weight) in substances; derogations for EEE and for articles already in use.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "'and others' in both CAS and EC columns", "matched_on": "name" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Pentabromodiphenyl ether, 2,2',4,4',5- (BDE-99)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0001, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 2.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "bis-chloromethyl-ether": { "slug": "bis-chloromethyl-ether", "name": "Bis(chloromethyl) ether", "cas": "542-88-1", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/bis-chloromethyl-ether", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 2", "Carc. 1A", "Acute Tox. 2 *", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "Acute Tox. 4 *" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 2", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "2", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "Carc. 1A", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1A", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 2 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "2 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H225", "H302", "H311", "H330", "H350" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1A", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 0.000145, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 112361.253, "facilities": 2, "states": 2, "reported_name": "Bis(chloromethyl) ether", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Bis(chloromethyl)ether", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 4.5e-05, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 7.2e-05, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "air", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "chlordane": { "slug": "chlordane", "name": "Chlordane", "cas": "57-74-9", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/chlordane", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "oxychlordane", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 97.2, "detection_year": "2007–2009", "total_n": "1668", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "oxychlordane", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/8-results-chemical-group-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2010.html#n8_2_2" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "oxychlordane", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 97.2, "detection_year": "2007–2009", "total_n": "1668", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "oxychlordane", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/8-results-chemical-group-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2010.html#n8_2_2" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H312", "H351", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Chlordane", "cas": "57-74-9", "ec_number": "200-349-0", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "None", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": null, "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 2e-06, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 4120.012, "facilities": 25, "states": 16, "reported_name": "Chlordane", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "air", "releases" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "chlorpyrifos": { "slug": "chlorpyrifos", "name": "Chlorpyrifos", "cas": "2921-88-2", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/chlorpyrifos", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 4 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 4th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 4, "period": "2018-2020", "systems_sampled": 5028, "systems_with_detection": 2, "detection_pct": 0.04, "max_ugL": 0.04, "min_reporting_level": 0.03, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 4 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 4, "period": "2018-2020", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 4 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 4th cycle", "analyte": "chlorpyrifos", "systems_sampled": 5028, "systems_with_detection": 2, "detection_pct": 0.04, "max_ugL": 0.04, "median_detect_ugL": 0.03525, "min_reporting_level": 0.03, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy)", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "4 (2014–2015)", "geo_mean": "1.4", "p95": "9.3", "detection_pct": "98.4", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 94.9, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "6700", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/fifth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-4.html#s13-1" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "3,5,6-Trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy)", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "4 (2014–2015)", "geo_mean": "1.4", "p95": "9.3", "detection_pct": "98.4", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 94.9, "detection_year": "2016–2017", "total_n": "6700", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/fifth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-4.html#s13-1" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 2017, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 3 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Chlorpyrifos", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.001, "oral_rfd_source": "ATSDR", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 8.4, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "dibp": { "slug": "dibp", "name": "Diisobutyl phthalate", "cas": "84-69-5", "family": "phth", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dibp", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "mono-isobutyl phthalate (MIBP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 98.9, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "7775", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono-isobutyl phthalate (MIBP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-5.html#s14-1" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "mono-isobutyl phthalate (MIBP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 98.9, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "7775", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono-isobutyl phthalate (MIBP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-5.html#s14-1" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "51" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "51", "substance_name": "Diisobutyl phthalate", "cas": "84-69-5", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/aaa92146-a005-1dc2-debe-93c80b57c5ee", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_authorisation": { "dataset": "ECHA, Authorisation List (REACH Annex XIV)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/authorisation-list", "on_authorisation_list": true, "earliest_sunset": null, "earliest_sunset_iso": null, "sunset_in_force": null, "entries": [ { "entry_no": "07", "substance_name": "Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP)", "cas": "84-69-5", "latest_application_date": "21-Aug-2013", "sunset_date": null, "sunset_date_iso": null, "sunset_passed": null, "intrinsic_property": [] } ], "means": "After the sunset date the substance may not be used or placed on the EU market unless a specific authorisation has been granted for that use." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction", "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)", "Endocrine disrupting properties (Article 57(f) - human health)" ], "first_listed": "13-Jan-2010", "first_listed_iso": "2010-01-13", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Repr. 1B" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H360Df" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000, "reported_name": "1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(2-methylpropyl) ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "550,000 – <700,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 221, "sleep_related_alerts": 1, "countries": [ "Czechia", "Denmark", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "Lithuania", "Luxembourg", "Poland", "Slovakia", "Sweden", "The Netherlands" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0458/05", "year": "2005", "week": "34", "date": "26/08/2005", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Products seized and withdrawn from the market/distribution chain by authorities. Product recall from consumers. Warnings issued by authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ren. Product also contains 17.1% w/w of another phthalate ( DIBP).", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1492/10", "year": "2010", "week": "40", "date": "08/10/2010", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Boy's sandals", "brand": "Cars", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "late (DEHP) and 0.28% by weight of di-\"isobutyl\" phthalate (DIBP). The sandals may be worn by a child with bare feet for man", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "0376/12", "year": "2012", "week": "10", "date": "09/03/2012", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Plastic toy set \"Théa Collection\"", "brand": "B&G", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "of the toy contain 14.5% by weight of diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP).According to the REACH Regulation, the phthalates DEHP, DB", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0504/13", "year": "2013", "week": "17", "date": "03/05/2013", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Set of two plastic figures", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical, Environment", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "ar also contains 29 % by weight of di-\"isobutyl\" phthalate (DIBP) .The product poses environmental risk (chemical pollution)", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0570/13", "year": "2013", "week": "19", "date": "17/05/2013", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Colouring pencils", "brand": "Slammer", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 11/03/2012", "evidence_phrase": "contains up to 3.4 % by weight of di-\"isobutyl\" phthalate (DIBP).According to the REACH Regulation the phthalates DEHP, DBP", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0652/13", "year": "2013", "week": "22", "date": "07/06/2013", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Plastic doll with pony", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 28/11/2012", "evidence_phrase": "and legs contain 5.9-6.3 % by mass of diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP). According to the REACH Regulation the phthalates DEHP, DB", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "didp": { "slug": "didp", "name": "Diisodecyl phthalate", "cas": "26761-40-0", "family": "phth", "atlas_url": "/atlas/didp", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "monocarboxyisononyl phthalate (MCINP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 93.8, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "4784", "cycles": "2", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "monocarboxyisononyl phthalate (MCINP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-5.html#s14-1" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "monocarboxyisononyl phthalate (MCINP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 93.8, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "4784", "cycles": "2", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "monocarboxyisononyl phthalate (MCINP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-5.html#s14-1" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "52" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "52", "substance_name": "Di-“isodecyl” phthalate (DIDP)", "cas": "26761-40-0", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/0923c10f-5495-16ee-5c0f-dd3613fbde6d", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000, "reported_name": "1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-diisodecyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "850,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 850000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 863, "sleep_related_alerts": 2, "countries": [ "Cyprus", "Czechia", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Latvia", "Lithuania", "Poland", "Slovakia", "Spain", "The Netherlands", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0510/07", "year": "2007", "week": "22", "date": "08/06/2007", "notifying_country": "Greece", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Plastic bunny and tube – Happy Hours", "brand": "VICTORY", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Import rejected by the customs authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "thalate (DINP) and 5.1% by weight of di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), totally 16.7% by weight, which exceeds the allowed maximu", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0545/07", "year": "2007", "week": "23", "date": "15/06/2007", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Bath toys - \"Net & Squirters\"", "brand": "Fun Time", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "of di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) and di-isodecyl phthalate (DIDP), thereby exceeding the allowed maximum limit of 0,1 % by w", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0806/07", "year": "2007", "week": "31", "date": "10/08/2007", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": "Baby Change Mat - changing mat with a bear", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers ordered by the authoritiesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "alate (DINP) and 13.1% by weight of di-iso-decyl phthalate (DIDP). Allowed maximum limit - 0,1% by weight. Phthalates have b", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0825/07", "year": "2007", "week": "32", "date": "17/08/2007", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": "Changing mat, yellow with a bear", "brand": "Carlett.", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers ordered by the authority. Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "hemical risk because the plastic foil contains di-isodecyl (DIDP) 24% by weight.According to the Chemicals Restrictions Dire", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0491/08", "year": "2008", "week": "17", "date": "02/05/2008", "notifying_country": "Slovakia", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Doll \"Bábika\"", "brand": "LITTLE Amy", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market and recall from consumers by the distributor.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "ht of DEHP, 19.73% by weight of DINP and 0.21% by weight of DIDP. The content of phthalates exceeds permitted limits value:", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0024/08", "year": "2008", "week": "2", "date": "18/01/2008", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "CD player for children - Kid blue “CD player Kidsway”", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market, information to consumers and destruction of the products by the distributor. Press release has been issued.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "l risk because the analysis results show levels of DINP and DIDP above the maximum authorised concentrations of 0.1% in mass", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "dioxins-furans": { "slug": "dioxins-furans", "name": "Dioxins & furans (2,3,7,8-TCDD)", "cas": "1746-01-6", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dioxins-furans", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) (lipid adjusted) (1999 - 2004)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "pg/g lipid or parts per trillion on a lipid-weight basis", "cycle": "99-00", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1988, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "2000-2024", "total_releases_kg": 0.0, "facilities": 935, "provinces": 13, "reported_name": "Dioxins and furans - total", "teq_rows_excluded": 5857 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~TCDD, 2,3,7,8-", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 4e-08, "inhalation_rfc_source": "Cal EPA", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 7.4e-08, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 7e-10, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 1.2e-07, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "heptachlor": { "slug": "heptachlor", "name": "Heptachlor", "cas": "76-44-8", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/heptachlor", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "STOT RE 2 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 2 *", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "2 *", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H311", "H351", "H373", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Heptachlor", "cas": "76-44-8", "ec_number": "200-962-3", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "None", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": null, "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 1e-06, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 1450.534, "facilities": 19, "states": 14, "reported_name": "Heptachlor", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Heptachlor", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.0022, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0001, "oral_rfd_source": "ATSDR", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.0014, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "air", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "hexachlorobutadiene": { "slug": "hexachlorobutadiene", "name": "Hexachlorobutadiene", "cas": "87-68-3", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/hexachlorobutadiene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 2011, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Hexachlorobutadiene", "cas": "87-68-3", "ec_number": "201-765-5", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Placing on the market and use of articles already in use before or on 10 July 2012 containing hexachlorobutadiene shall be allowed.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": null, "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": { "dataset": "EPA AirToxScreen (2020) — modeled ambient air-toxics concentrations and risk", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/AirToxScreen", "conc_ugm3": null, "cancer_risk_permillion": 2.4e-05, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population-weighted national ambient concentration and cancer-risk estimate.", "reporting_period": "EPA AirToxScreen (latest release)", "scored_at": "2026-07-15", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 1182.574, "facilities": 13, "states": 7, "reported_name": "Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Hexachlorobutadiene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.13, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.001, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.14, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "air", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "hhcb": { "slug": "hhcb", "name": "Galaxolide (HHCB)", "cas": "1222-05-5", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/hhcb", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "galaxolide (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran [HHCB])", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 90.6, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "2445", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "galaxolide (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran [HHCB])", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "NA" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "galaxolide (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran [HHCB])", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 90.6, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "2445", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "galaxolide (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran [HHCB])", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "NA" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "4,000,000 – <5,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000, "reported_name": "Cyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran, 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "4,000,000 – <5,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "7,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 7000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "5,500,000 – <7,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5500000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 5614.145, "facilities": 79, "states": 27, "reported_name": "1,3,4,6,7,8-Hexahydro-4,6,6,7,8,8-hexamethylcyclopenta[g]-2-benzopyran", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "releases" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "limonene": { "slug": "limonene", "name": "Limonene (d-limonene)", "cas": "5989-27-5", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/limonene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 3", "Asp. Tox. 1", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Skin Sens. 1B", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 3" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 3", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "3", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "Asp. Tox. 1", "class": "Asp. Tox.", "category": "1", "plain": "aspiration hazard" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1B", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1B", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 3", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "3", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H226", "H304", "H315", "H317", "H400", "H412" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "Cyclohexene, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethenyl)-, (4R)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "D-limonene (or 4-isopropenyl-1-methylcycohexane || 1-methyl-4-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexene)", "source_categories": [ "prescribed_fire", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.033289, "weight_percent_median": 0.121621, "weight_percent_max": 2.678201, "measurements": 4 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.193242, "weight_percent_median": 0.202912, "weight_percent_max": 0.211364, "measurements": 4 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 42, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Czechia", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Italy", "Slovakia", "Spain", "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0077/05", "year": "2005", "week": "7", "date": "18/02/2005", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from distribution and returned to the supplier with withdrawal from the distribution and issue of warnings ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "e: 22.9 seconds; Surface tension: 31.3 mN/m; Carbohydrates: limonene 60.7 g/100g.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1762/10", "year": "2010", "week": "48", "date": "03/12/2010", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Washing-up liquid - Super piatti concentrato", "brand": "Doctor Line", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and withdrawal from the market ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "resent in the product are irritant to eyes. In addition, it contains limonene, substance which can cause allergic reactions and which imp", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1580/13", "year": "2013", "week": "46", "date": "22/11/2013", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Fragrance diffuser", "brand": "Aroma Lamp", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "risk due to the presence of odiferous allergens, including limonene, at a volume of more than 0.1% without the obligatory label", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0121/17", "year": "2017", "week": "5", "date": "03/02/2017", "notifying_country": "Slovakia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Toothpaste", "brand": "Vicco", "risk_type": "Chemical, Microbiological", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 23/12/2016", "evidence_phrase": "the product contains the allergenic substances Eugenol and Limonene (0.052 % and 0.021 % by weight respectively) while they are", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0378/18", "year": "2018", "week": "11", "date": "16/03/2018", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Essential oils", "brand": "The English aromatic co", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 24/01/2018", "evidence_phrase": "he \"Autumn skies\" bottle contains the sensitising substance limonene but lacks the required labelling. Due to the absence of a s", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0451/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "ONLYOU COSMETICS", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 06/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "Perfume The product contains the fragrances D-Limonene, Linalool, Citral, Isoeugenol and Hexyl cinnamal (measured", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "lindane": { "slug": "lindane", "name": "Lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane)", "cas": "58-89-9", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/lindane", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum gamma-Hexachlorocyclohexane (Lindane) (lipid adjusted) (1999 - 2004)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "ng/g of lipid or parts per billion on a lipid-weight basis", "cycle": "99-00", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane [gamma-HCH])", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.9, "detection_year": "2007–2009", "total_n": "1665", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "lindane (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane [gamma-HCH])", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/8-results-chemical-group-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2010.html#n8_2_5" } }, "us_ca_comparable": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Lact.", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "STOT RE 2 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Lact.", "class": "Lact.", "category": null, "plain": "effects on or via lactation" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 2 *", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "2 *", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H312", "H332", "H362", "H373", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Hexachlorocyclohexanes, including lindane", "cas": "58-89-9", "ec_number": "200-401-2", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "None", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "Annex IV lists further CAS 319-84-6, 319-85-7, 608-73-1", "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 618.264, "facilities": 9, "states": 5, "reported_name": "Lindane", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Hexachlorocyclohexane, Gamma- (Lindane)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.0091, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 8e-07, "oral_rfd_source": "ATSDR", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.0097, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "mdi": { "slug": "mdi", "name": "Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate", "cas": "101-68-8", "family": "acryl", "atlas_url": "/atlas/mdi", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "56", "74" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "56", "substance_name": "4,4’-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate", "cas": "101-68-8", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/a3af0497-4775-1a05-7037-80d653a39272", "conditions_text": null }, { "entry_no": "74", "substance_name": "4,4’-Methylenediphenyl diisocyanate", "cas": "101-68-8", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/503ac424-3bcb-137b-9247-09e41eb6dd5a", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "700,000,000 – <850,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 700000000, "reported_name": "Benzene, 1,1'-methylenebis[4-isocyanato-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "700,000,000 – <850,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 700000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "700,000,000 – <850,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 700000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "850,000,000 – <1,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 850000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "700,000,000 – <850,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 700000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 1306726.201, "facilities": 287, "provinces": 7, "reported_name": "Methylenebis(phenylisocyanate)", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Methylenediphenyl Diisocyanate", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.0006, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.63, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": null, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "mercaptobenzothiazole": { "slug": "mercaptobenzothiazole", "name": "2-Mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT)", "cas": "149-30-4", "family": "acryl", "atlas_url": "/atlas/mercaptobenzothiazole", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 2017, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Skin Sens. 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H317", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "850,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 850000, "reported_name": "2(3H)-Benzothiazolethione", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "850,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 850000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "550,000 – <700,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 15901.375, "facilities": 16, "states": 8, "reported_name": "2-Mercaptobenzothiazole", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "2000-2018", "total_releases_kg": 18500.011, "facilities": 7, "provinces": 2, "reported_name": "2-Mercaptobenzothiazole", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Mercaptobenzothiazole, 2-", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.004, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 6.3, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "methylparaben": { "slug": "methylparaben", "name": "Methylparaben", "cas": "99-76-3", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/methylparaben", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Methyl paraben (2011 - 2016)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": 31.8, "p95": 722.0, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "methyl paraben", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 85.3, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "10154", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "methyl paraben", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/parabens-canadians.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000, "reported_name": "Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, methyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "400,000 – <550,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "550,000 – <700,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Methylparaben (or methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate || Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, methyl ester)", "source_categories": [ "residential_wood" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 28, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2002", "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.001423, "weight_percent_median": 0.009743, "weight_percent_max": 0.08671, "measurements": 28 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "SR/01117/26", "year": "2026", "week": "15", "date": "17/04/2026", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Skin cream", "brand": "Glow & Lovely", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 16/11/2025", "evidence_phrase": "xycinnamate, butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane, phenoxyethanol, methylparaben and isopropylparaben. Ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate could be", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "commerce", "smoke", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "nonylphenol": { "slug": "nonylphenol", "name": "Nonylphenol", "cas": "25154-52-3", "family": "dye", "atlas_url": "/atlas/nonylphenol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "46" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "46", "substance_name": "Nonylphenol C6H4(OH)C9H19", "cas": "25154-52-3", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/e5842a1e-e9f9-6096-2829-72f71c00eaab", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Endocrine disrupting properties (Article 57(f) - environment)" ], "first_listed": "19-Dec-2012", "first_listed_iso": "2012-12-19", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000, "reported_name": "Phenol, nonyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "<75,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 234240.093, "facilities": 111, "states": 31, "reported_name": "Nonylphenol", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1999-2024", "total_releases_kg": 1328748.742, "facilities": 150, "provinces": 8, "reported_name": "Nonylphenol and its ethoxylates", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 3, "sleep_related_alerts": 2, "countries": [ "Germany", "Malta", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0996/07", "year": "2007", "week": "39", "date": "05/10/2007", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Lime scale remover spray – Nix Banyo", "brand": "Levent", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "a chemical risk because it contains an excessive amount of nonylphenol ethoxylates. This substance should not exceed the maximum a", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "SR/03422/25", "year": "2025", "week": "40", "date": "03/10/2025", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Socks", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical, Environment", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 19/09/2025", "evidence_phrase": "Socks The product has an excessive concentration of nonylphenol ethoxylates (measured value up to 0.039 % by weight).Nonylp", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": true }, { "alert_number": "SR/01419/26", "year": "2026", "week": "20", "date": "22/05/2026", "notifying_country": "Malta", "product_category": "Clothing, textiles and fashion items", "product": "Shoes", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 13/04/2026", "evidence_phrase": "ct breast-fed or unborn children. Additionally, the product contains nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEs) (measured value: 266 mg/kg by weight). N", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": true } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "releases", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "permethrin": { "slug": "permethrin", "name": "Permethrin", "cas": "52645-53-1", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/permethrin", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Skin Sens. 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H317", "H332", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 16.504, "facilities": 17, "states": 11, "reported_name": "Permethrin", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Permethrin", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.05, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 1000.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Czechia" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "SR/03144/25", "year": "2025", "week": "36", "date": "05/09/2025", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Repellent", "brand": "US ARMY Repelent", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Stop of salesDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Repellent According to the list of ingredients the product contains Permethrin, which is not authorised to be used in repellents and attra", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "releases", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "resorcinol": { "slug": "resorcinol", "name": "Resorcinol", "cas": "108-46-3", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/resorcinol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 4", "STOT SE 1", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2", "Skin Sens. 1B", "Aquatic Acute 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 4", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT SE 1", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1B", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1B", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H315", "H317", "H319", "H370", "H400" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "1,3-Benzenediol", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Resorcinol (or m-benzenediol || 1,3-Benzenediol)", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 1.053501, "weight_percent_median": 2.355436, "weight_percent_max": 3.361868, "measurements": 4 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 3.281138, "weight_percent_median": 3.422299, "weight_percent_max": 3.554444, "measurements": 4 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 31, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998", "2001", "2002", "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.029489, "weight_percent_median": 0.16675, "weight_percent_max": 1.226611, "measurements": 31 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.014754, "weight_percent_median": 0.014754, "weight_percent_max": 0.014754, "measurements": 1 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.071365, "weight_percent_median": 0.102879, "weight_percent_max": 0.134394, "measurements": 2 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.033444, "weight_percent_median": 0.033444, "weight_percent_max": 0.033444, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 2, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Germany" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0604/18", "year": "2018", "week": "17", "date": "27/04/2018", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Hair colouring product", "brand": "Black Rose", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): The product has been completely withdrawn from saleDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "alue: 7.9% by weight) in relation to the coupler substances resorcinol and sodium perborate. PPD can trigger allergic contact derm", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/02693/23", "year": "2023", "week": "46", "date": "17/11/2023", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Skin peel", "brand": "Circadia", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "nsidered safe (measured value up to 13% by weight). It also contains resorcinol that acts as an irritant to the skin and mucous membranes.", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "short-chain-chlorinated-paraffins": { "slug": "short-chain-chlorinated-paraffins", "name": "Short-chain chlorinated paraffins", "cas": "85535-84-8", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/short-chain-chlorinated-paraffins", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "C10Cl6 congeners", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 51.8, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "524", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "C10Cl6 congeners", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/chlorinated-paraffins.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "C10Cl6 congeners", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 51.8, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "524", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "C10Cl6 congeners", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/evaluating-existing-substances/chlorinated-paraffins.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)", "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "PBT (Article 57d)", "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "28-Oct-2008", "first_listed_iso": "2008-10-28", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H351", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Alkanes C10-C13, chloro (short-chain chlorinated paraffins) (SCCPs)", "cas": "85535-84-8", "ec_number": "287-476-5", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "By way of derogation, manufacturing, placing on the market and use of substances or mixtures containing SCCPs in concentrations lower than 1 % by weight is allowed.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "'and others' in CAS column", "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "2001-2008", "total_releases_kg": 0.0, "facilities": 2, "provinces": 1, "reported_name": "Alkanes, C10-13, chloro", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 248, "sleep_related_alerts": 4, "countries": [ "Germany", "Latvia", "Luxembourg", "Norway", "Poland", "Portugal", "Slovakia", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0505/13", "year": "2013", "week": "17", "date": "03/05/2013", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Fancy dress set", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical, Environment", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "pollution) due to the presence of up to 0.28 % by weight of short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCP) in the belt and up to 0.19 % by weight of short chai", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0354/14", "year": "2014", "week": "9", "date": "07/03/2014", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Plastic cooking set", "brand": "iCom Poland", "risk_type": "Chemical, Environment", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 21/01/2014", "evidence_phrase": "(chemical pollution) because the plastic bag contains 0.88% short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs). The product does not comply with the Commission Re", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1552/15", "year": "2015", "week": "48", "date": "04/12/2015", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": "Toilet seat for children", "brand": "Beautiful Beginnings", "risk_type": "Chemical, Environment", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 27/08/2015", "evidence_phrase": ". In addition, the plastic contains up to 0.071 % by weight short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs). The placing on the market and use of articles cont", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0079/16", "year": "2016", "week": "4", "date": "29/01/2016", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": "Rain cover for pushchair", "brand": "Diono", "risk_type": "Chemical, Environment", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 10/11/2015", "evidence_phrase": "ver, the transparent plastic also contains 0,73 % by weight short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCPs). The placing on the market and use of articles cont", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0215/16", "year": "2016", "week": "8", "date": "26/02/2016", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Hobby/sports equipment", "product": "Fitness gloves", "brand": "Better Bodies", "risk_type": "Chemical, Environment", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "environmental risk because the plastic in the velcro strap contains short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCP) (measured value up to 0.180 %). The placing on the m", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0331/16", "year": "2016", "week": "11", "date": "18/03/2016", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Baseball glove", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical, Environment", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 01/10/2015Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Destruction of the productDate of entry into force: 01/10/2015", "evidence_phrase": "In addition, it poses a risk for the environment because it contains short chain chlorinated paraffins (SCCP) (measured value: up to 1,36%). The product does not", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "releases", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "tcep": { "slug": "tcep", "name": "Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)", "cas": "115-96-8", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/tcep", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bis-2-(chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 91.1, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "2345", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bis-2-(chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/challenge/batch-5/tcep.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bis-2-(chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 91.1, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "2345", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bis-2-(chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/challenge/batch-5/tcep.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1992, "eu_authorisation": { "dataset": "ECHA, Authorisation List (REACH Annex XIV)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/authorisation-list", "on_authorisation_list": true, "earliest_sunset": "21-Aug-2015", "earliest_sunset_iso": "2015-08-21", "sunset_in_force": true, "entries": [ { "entry_no": "13", "substance_name": "Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate", "cas": "115-96-8", "latest_application_date": "21-Feb-2014", "sunset_date": "21-Aug-2015", "sunset_date_iso": "2015-08-21", "sunset_passed": true, "intrinsic_property": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)" ] } ], "means": "After the sunset date the substance may not be used or placed on the EU market unless a specific authorisation has been granted for that use." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)" ], "first_listed": "13-Jan-2010", "first_listed_iso": "2010-01-13", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Repr. 1B", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Aquatic Chronic 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 2", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "2", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H351", "H360F", "H411" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.007, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 3.8, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 3, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Denmark", "Germany", "Poland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0811/15", "year": "2015", "week": "26", "date": "03/07/2015", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Childcare articles and children's equipment", "product": "Baby carrier", "brand": "Infantino", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 25/03/2015Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 25/03/2015", "evidence_phrase": "eleases the flame retardants tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) (measured values: quantity 4700 mg/kg; migration 620 mg/m2", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A11/00069/20", "year": "2020", "week": "32", "date": "07/08/2020", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Bath book", "brand": "caramel publishing", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 18/06/2020", "evidence_phrase": "tains an excessive amount of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), Tris(2-chloro-1-methylethyl) phosphate (TCPP) and Tris[2-", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00146/20", "year": "2020", "week": "6", "date": "07/02/2020", "notifying_country": "Poland", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Bath book", "brand": "Zielona Sowa", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ManufacturerCategory of measure(s): Warning consumers of the risksDate of entry into force: 31/10/2019Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ManufacturerCategory of measure(s): Destruction of the productDate of entry into force: 31/10/2019Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ManufacturerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 31/10/2019", "evidence_phrase": "tains an excessive amount of tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP)(measured value: 7.5 mg/kg). TCEP may impair fertility by d", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "thiuram": { "slug": "thiuram", "name": "Tetramethylthiuram disulfide (Thiuram)", "cas": "137-26-8", "family": "acryl", "atlas_url": "/atlas/thiuram", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 4 *", "STOT RE 2 *", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2", "Skin Sens. 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 2 *", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "2 *", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H315", "H317", "H319", "H332", "H373", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "850,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 850000, "reported_name": "Thioperoxydicarbonic diamide ([(H2N)C(S)]2S2), N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "850,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 850000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "4,000,000 – <5,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 133911.4, "facilities": 25, "states": 11, "reported_name": "Thiram", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Thiram", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.015, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA OPP", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 290.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "toluene-2-5-diamine": { "slug": "toluene-2-5-diamine", "name": "Toluene-2,5-diamine", "cas": "95-70-5", "family": "dye", "atlas_url": "/atlas/toluene-2-5-diamine", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "Skin Sens. 1", "Aquatic Chronic 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 2", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "2", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H312", "H317", "H332", "H411" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0, "reported_name": "1,4-Benzenediamine, 2-methyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Toluenediamine, 2,5-", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0002, "oral_rfd_source": "PPRTV appendix", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.43, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 3, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Germany" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0469/17", "year": "2017", "week": "15", "date": "14/04/2017", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Hair colouring product", "brand": "Gold", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 07/03/2017", "evidence_phrase": "the labels, the products contain ingredients, assumed to be Toluene-2,5-diamine, 4-Amino-m-cresol and 1,4-Phenylenediamine (PPD). The subst", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1602/18", "year": "2018", "week": "44", "date": "02/11/2018", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Hair dye", "brand": "Bigen Hoyu", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 20/08/2018", "evidence_phrase": "ir dye The product contains too much p-phenylenediamine and toluene-2,5-diamine sulphate (measured values: up to 4.9% and 4.2% by weight re", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00941/22", "year": "2022", "week": "27", "date": "08/07/2022", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Hair dye", "brand": "Royal", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Destruction of the productDate of entry into force: 28/03/2022", "evidence_phrase": "Hair dye The product contains Toluene-2,5-Diamine, 5-Amino-o-cresol, p-aminophenol and p-phenylenediamine (PP", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "tributyl-phosphate": { "slug": "tributyl-phosphate", "name": "Tributyl phosphate", "cas": "126-73-8", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/tributyl-phosphate", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "dibutylphosphate (DBP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 74.4, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "2440", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "dibutylphosphate (DBP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/challenge/batch-5/tributyl-phosphate.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "dibutylphosphate (DBP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 74.4, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "2440", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "dibutylphosphate (DBP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/challenge/batch-5/tributyl-phosphate.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Skin Irrit. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H315", "H351" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "Phosphoric acid tributyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "5,500,000 – <7,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5500000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Tributyl Phosphate", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.01, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 5.2, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 4 }, "alpha-pinene": { "slug": "alpha-pinene", "name": "Alpha-pinene", "cas": "80-56-8", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/alpha-pinene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum α-Pinene (2013 - 2014)", "matrix": "", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": 0.077, "p95": 0.202, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "55,000,000 – <70,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 55000000, "reported_name": "Bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene, 2,6,6-trimethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "55,000,000 – <70,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 55000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "55,000,000 – <70,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 55000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "55,000,000 – <70,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 55000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "70,000,000 – <85,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 70000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Alpha-pinene", "source_categories": [ "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.155291, "weight_percent_median": 0.155291, "weight_percent_max": 0.155291, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.032897, "weight_percent_median": 0.993001, "weight_percent_max": 2.681236, "measurements": 4 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 6, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2004", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.103594, "weight_percent_median": 0.221648, "weight_percent_max": 3.686396, "measurements": 6 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 10, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.014455, "weight_percent_median": 0.353468, "weight_percent_max": 1.117611, "measurements": 10 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "commerce", "smoke" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "antimony-trioxide": { "slug": "antimony-trioxide", "name": "Antimony trioxide", "cas": "1309-64-4", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/antimony-trioxide", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "A real flame-retardant synergist", "why": "Antimony trioxide is used as a flame-retardant synergist and a polyester catalyst residue. It's classified IARC Group 2A (2022) and California banned it from mattress foam — a real, if lower-profile, exposure that sheds into dust.", "matters": "largely handled by the same shift to newer, better-regulated mattresses; a natural-fiber barrier and OEKO-TEX-certified textiles sidestep it.", "tiers": [ "regulatory" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1990, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H351" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "Antimony oxide (Sb2O3)", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Antimony Trioxide", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.0002, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA IRIS", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.21, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": null, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "badge": { "slug": "badge", "name": "Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether", "cas": "1675-54-3", "family": "bis", "atlas_url": "/atlas/badge", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2", "Skin Sens. 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H315", "H317", "H319" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000, "reported_name": "Oxirane, 2,2'-[(1-methylethylidene)bis(4,1-phenyleneoxymethylene)]bis-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "40,000,000 – <55,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 40000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "40,000,000 – <55,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 40000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Spain" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0525/11", "year": "2011", "week": "23", "date": "10/06/2011", "notifying_country": "Spain", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Toy set \"Combat\"", "brand": "Loob", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "product poses a chemical risk because the pistol, grenade, badge and goggles contain more than0.2% by weight of di (2-ethylh", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "bha": { "slug": "bha", "name": "Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)", "cas": "25013-16-5", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/bha", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1990, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0, "reported_name": "Phenol, (1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methoxy-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Butylated hydroxyanisole", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 49.0, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 150.0, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "bht": { "slug": "bht", "name": "Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)", "cas": "128-37-0", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/bht", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000, "reported_name": "Phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-methyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "7,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 7000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "1999-2023", "total_releases_kg": 29218.8, "facilities": 17, "provinces": 5, "reported_name": "2,6-Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Butylated hydroxytoluene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.3, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 3.4, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "bifenthrin": { "slug": "bifenthrin", "name": "Bifenthrin", "cas": "82657-04-3", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/bifenthrin", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Acute Tox. 3", "Acute Tox. 2", "STOT RE 1", "Skin Sens. 1B", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 2", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "2", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1B", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1B", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H300", "H317", "H331", "H351", "H372", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 18771.426, "facilities": 27, "states": 16, "reported_name": "Bifenthrin", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Biphenthrin", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.015, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 300.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "boric-acid": { "slug": "boric-acid", "name": "Boric acid (borate flame barrier)", "cas": "10043-35-3", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/boric-acid", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)" ], "first_listed": "18-Jun-2010", "first_listed_iso": "2010-06-18", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "500,000,000 – <1,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 500000000, "reported_name": "Boric acid (H3BO3)", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "500,000,000 – <1,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 500000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "500,000,000 – <1,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 500000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "500,000,000 – <1,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 500000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "500,000,000 – <1,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 500000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 6, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Bulgaria", "France", "Germany" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "INFO/0113/19", "year": "2019", "week": "41", "date": "11/10/2019", "notifying_country": "Bulgaria", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Anti-fungal spray", "brand": "Evterpа", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ManufacturerCategory of measure(s): Destruction of the productDate of entry into force: 23/08/2019", "evidence_phrase": "ingredients list and product information file, the product contains boric acid (declared value: 0.05%), which releases boron. Ingestion or", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A11/00038/20", "year": "2020", "week": "13", "date": "27/03/2020", "notifying_country": "Bulgaria", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Skin lotion", "brand": "Evterpa", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ManufacturerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 10/02/2020Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ManufacturerCategory of measure(s): Destruction of the productDate of entry into force: 21/02/2020", "evidence_phrase": "ingredients list and product information file, the product contains boric acid (declared value: 0.05%), which releases boron. Ingestion or", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/01552/24", "year": "2024", "week": "24", "date": "14/06/2024", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Flea killer", "brand": "Ferber Painting", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Warning consumers of the risksDate of entry into force: 03/06/2024", "evidence_phrase": "Flea killer The product contains boric acid (measured value: 28 000 mg/kg) which is banned in products", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/01553/24", "year": "2024", "week": "24", "date": "14/06/2024", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Caterpillar killer", "brand": "Ferber Painting", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Warning consumers of the risksDate of entry into force: 03/06/2024", "evidence_phrase": "Caterpillar killer The product contains boric acid (measured value: 27 000 mg/kg) which is banned in products", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/01574/24", "year": "2024", "week": "24", "date": "14/06/2024", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Pest control product", "brand": "Bed Bug Knocker", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Warning consumers of the risksDate of entry into force: 03/06/2024", "evidence_phrase": "Pest control product The product contains boric acid (measured value: 5.2%) which is banned in products availabl", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "SR/00072/26", "year": "2026", "week": "2", "date": "16/01/2026", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Boric acid", "brand": "VITATEKA", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Destruction of the productDate of entry into force: 27/10/2025", "evidence_phrase": "Boric acid The product is boric acid, which is banned in products avai", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "bpaf": { "slug": "bpaf", "name": "Bisphenol AF", "cas": "1478-61-1", "family": "bis", "atlas_url": "/atlas/bpaf", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bisphenol AF (BPAF)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.1, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "11208", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bisphenol AF (BPAF)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/bisphenol-analogues-in-people.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bisphenol AF (BPAF)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.1, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "11208", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bisphenol AF (BPAF)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/bisphenol-analogues-in-people.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)" ], "first_listed": "04-Feb-2026", "first_listed_iso": "2026-02-04", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Repr. 1B" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H360F" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000, "reported_name": "Phenol, 4,4'-[2,2,2-trifluoro-1-(trifluoromethyl)ethylidene]bis-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "bps": { "slug": "bps", "name": "Bisphenol S", "cas": "80-09-1", "family": "bis", "atlas_url": "/atlas/bps", "verdict": { "verdict": "complicated", "label": "The \"BPA-free\" swap we know least about", "why": "BPS is what replaced BPA when BPA got bad press — and it's a close chemical cousin with similar hormone-disrupting signals in the lab, but a far thinner human evidence base. \"BPA-free\" on a label tells you what was taken out, not what was put in.", "matters": "Don't pay a premium for \"BPA-free\" and assume you've solved something. Reducing plastic contact with food beats swapping one bisphenol for its less-studied sibling.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bisphenol S (BPS)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 96.2, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "11065", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bisphenol S (BPS)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/bisphenol-analogues-in-people.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bisphenol S (BPS)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 96.2, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "11065", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bisphenol S (BPS)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/bisphenol-analogues-in-people.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 2023, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction", "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)", "Endocrine disrupting properties (Article 57(f) - environment)", "Endocrine disrupting properties (Article 57(f) - human health)" ], "first_listed": "17-Jan-2023", "first_listed_iso": "2023-01-17", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Repr. 1B" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H360FD" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000, "reported_name": "Phenol, 4,4'-sulfonylbis-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "butylparaben": { "slug": "butylparaben", "name": "Butylparaben", "cas": "94-26-8", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/butylparaben", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Butyl paraben (2011 - 2016)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 4.0, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "butyl paraben", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 10.3, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "10154", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "butyl paraben", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/parabens-canadians.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Endocrine disrupting properties (Article 57(f) - human health)" ], "first_listed": "25-Jun-2020", "first_listed_iso": "2020-06-25", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Germany" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0462/19", "year": "2019", "week": "12", "date": "22/03/2019", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Mascara", "brand": "Paintglow", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 27/09/2018", "evidence_phrase": "Mascara The product contains an excessive amount of butylparaben (measured value as acid: 0.17 % by weight).Butylparaben is", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "carbaryl": { "slug": "carbaryl", "name": "Carbaryl (Sevin)", "cas": "63-25-2", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/carbaryl", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 2009, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Aquatic Acute 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H332", "H351", "H400" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 19323.645, "facilities": 11, "states": 7, "reported_name": "Carbaryl", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Carbaryl", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.1, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 1800.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "carbon-black": { "slug": "carbon-black", "name": "Carbon black", "cas": "1333-86-4", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/carbon-black", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 2003, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000, "reported_name": "Carbon black", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "4,000,000,000 – <5,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "2,500,000,000 – <4,000,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 2, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Spain", "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "SR/04337/25", "year": "2025", "week": "50", "date": "12/12/2025", "notifying_country": "Spain", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eyeliner", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Eyeliner The product contains carbon black (CI 77266, nano) which is prohibited in eye products.at a c", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "SR/00279/26", "year": "2026", "week": "5", "date": "06/02/2026", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eyeliner", "brand": "Wet n Wild", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 13/11/2025", "evidence_phrase": "Eyeliner The product contains an excessive concentration of carbon black (nano-form) (measured value: 11.5% by weight) which might b", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "cinnamal": { "slug": "cinnamal", "name": "Cinnamal (cinnamaldehyde)", "cas": "104-55-2", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/cinnamal", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "2-Propenal, 3-phenyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Cinnamaldehyde (or (2E)-3-Phenylacrylaldehyde)", "source_categories": [ "residential_wood" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 28, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2002", "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.008004, "weight_percent_median": 0.064757, "weight_percent_max": 0.380416, "measurements": 28 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 34, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Czechia", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Slovakia", "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0475/17", "year": "2017", "week": "15", "date": "14/04/2017", "notifying_country": "Greece", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Body lotion", "brand": "PRIMO BAGNO", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 17/01/2017", "evidence_phrase": "Body lotion null The product contains Cinnamal (measured value: 0.168% by weight) which may cause allergic", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0451/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "ONLYOU COSMETICS", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 06/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "agrances D-Limonene, Linalool, Citral, Isoeugenol and Hexyl cinnamal (measured values: 0.043 %, 0.35%, 0.0017 %, 0.0045 % and 0.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0453/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 09/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "fragrances benzyl alcohol, alpha-isomethyl ionone and hexyl cinnamal (measured values: 0.022 %, 0.041 % and 0.0012 % by weight r", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0454/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "DICOO", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 13/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "niol, eugenol, butylphenyl methylpropional as well as hexyl cinnamal, benzyl benzoate and benzyl salicylate in excess of 0.001%.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0464/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "LA RIVE", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 26/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "ol, hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, and hexyl cinnamal (measured values: 0.0072 %, 0.0042 % and 0.0012 % by weight", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0465/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "Stitch", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 02/03/2018", "evidence_phrase": "alpha- somethyl ionone, butylphenyl methylpropional, hexyl cinnamal, hydroxyisohexyl 3–cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, benzyl salic", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "commerce", "smoke", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "citral": { "slug": "citral", "name": "Citral", "cas": "5392-40-5", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/citral", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Skin Irrit. 2", "Skin Sens. 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H315", "H317" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000, "reported_name": "2,6-Octadienal, 3,7-dimethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 14, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Czechia", "Germany", "Slovakia", "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0670/16", "year": "2016", "week": "22", "date": "03/06/2016", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eau de Toilette", "brand": "Shirley May", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/04/2016", "evidence_phrase": "s Limonen, Linalool, Benzyl alcohol, Citronellol, Geraniol, Citral, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial, Farnesol, Amylcinnamyl aldehyd", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0671/16", "year": "2016", "week": "22", "date": "03/06/2016", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eau de Parfum", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/04/2016", "evidence_phrase": "eau de parfum contains the allergenic substances Linalool, Citral, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial, Coumarin, Farnesol and Hexylci", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0451/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "ONLYOU COSMETICS", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 06/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "e The product contains the fragrances D-Limonene, Linalool, Citral, Isoeugenol and Hexyl cinnamal (measured values: 0.043 %, 0", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0749/19", "year": "2019", "week": "20", "date": "17/05/2019", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "VANDAN", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 05/04/2019", "evidence_phrase": "nzyl salicylate, alpha – isomethyl ionone, benzyl benzoate, citral, citronellol, geraniol, hexyl cinnamal and eugenol (measure", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00710/22", "year": "2022", "week": "19", "date": "13/05/2022", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Beard oil", "brand": "Mr. Burton's", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ManufacturerCategory of measure(s): Warning consumers of the risksDate of entry into force: 14/04/2022Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ManufacturerCategory of measure(s): Making the marketing of the product subject to prior conditionsDate of entry into force: 14/04/2022Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ManufacturerCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: 14/04/2022Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ManufacturerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 14/04/2022Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ManufacturerCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 14/04/2022", "evidence_phrase": "Beard oil The product contains the fragrances limonene, citral, cinnamal and benzyl benzoate (measured values: up to 0.019", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00147/23", "year": "2023", "week": "4", "date": "27/01/2023", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eau de parfum", "brand": "Lazell Parfums", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 06/01/2023", "evidence_phrase": "e parfum The product contains an excessive concentration of citral (measured value up to 0.028 % by weight). Citral causes ski", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "cotinine": { "slug": "cotinine", "name": "Cotinine", "cas": "486-56-6", "family": "ths", "atlas_url": "/atlas/cotinine", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Cotinine in Non-smokers (2011 - 2018)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 0.965, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Combined dry/damp and wet cleaning of hard surfaces", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In homes with smoking bans, combined cleaning left surface nicotine 43% lower immediately and 53% lower three months on. Dust nicotine dropped 60% immediately, then returned to pre-cleaning levels within three months.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Matt GE et al. (2020). Remediating Thirdhand Smoke Pollution in Multiunit Housing: Temporary Reductions and the Challenges of Persistent Reservoirs. Nicotine & Tobacco Research.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa151" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Cotinine", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.068889, "weight_percent_median": 0.068889, "weight_percent_max": 0.068889, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.005685, "weight_percent_median": 0.005685, "weight_percent_max": 0.005685, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "remediation", "smoke" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "coumarin": { "slug": "coumarin", "name": "Coumarin", "cas": "91-64-5", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/coumarin", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000, "reported_name": "2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Coumarin (or 2H-1-Benzopyran-2-one || cis-o-Coumarinic acid lactone || o-Hydroxycinnamic acid lactone || Benzo-α-pyrone)", "source_categories": [ "residential_wood" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "PM": { "profiles": 28, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2002", "2004" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.003553, "weight_percent_median": 0.007017, "weight_percent_max": 0.031161, "measurements": 28 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 16, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Czechia", "Finland", "France", "Greece", "Slovakia" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/1517/14", "year": "2014", "week": "39", "date": "03/10/2014", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Plastic ball", "brand": "Free & Easy", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: 01/08/2014", "evidence_phrase": "null The ball releases volatile compounds, like eugenol and coumarin. Eugenol and coumarin are allergenic fragrances.The product", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0669/16", "year": "2016", "week": "22", "date": "03/06/2016", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eau de Toilette", "brand": "CUBA ORIGINAL by PARFUMS DES CHAMPS,", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/04/2016", "evidence_phrase": "alool, Cinnamaldehyd, Eugenol, alfa-isomethylionon, Lilial, Coumarin, Amylcinnamyl aldehyd, Lyral and Hexylcinnamaldehyd in exce", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0671/16", "year": "2016", "week": "22", "date": "03/06/2016", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eau de Parfum", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/04/2016", "evidence_phrase": "ic substances Linalool, Citral, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial, Coumarin, Farnesol and Hexylcinnamaldehyd in excess of 0.001%. They", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0482/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "L'ARÔME", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 06/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "ances d-limonene, linalool, butylphenyl methylpropional and coumarin (measured values: 0.062 %, 0.074 %, 0.64 % and 0.31 % by we", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1856/18", "year": "2018", "week": "50", "date": "14/12/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "tianDe", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 06/11/2018", "evidence_phrase": "ume The perfume contains hexyl cinnamal, benzyl salicylate, coumarin and alpha-isomethyl ionone (measured values: 0.0069%, 0.002", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/2007/18", "year": "2019", "week": "1", "date": "04/01/2019", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "YVFS SAINT LAORFNT", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 26/11/2018", "evidence_phrase": "perfume contains hexyl cinnamal, linalool, benzyl benzoate, coumarin, citronellol, eugenol, cyclohexene carboxaldehyde and geran", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "commerce", "smoke", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "d4-octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane": { "slug": "d4-octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane", "name": "Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4)", "cas": "556-67-2", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/d4-octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "70" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "70", "substance_name": "Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane", "cas": "556-67-2", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/0ac1f453-ad41-4010-e837-a68273b896ca", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)", "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "PBT (Article 57d)", "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "27-Jun-2018", "first_listed_iso": "2018-06-27", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Repr. 2", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Repr. 2", "class": "Repr.", "category": "2", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H361f", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "2", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000, "reported_name": "Cyclotetrasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8-octamethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 8, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Finland", "France", "Lithuania", "Slovakia", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/00933/20", "year": "2020", "week": "27", "date": "03/07/2020", "notifying_country": "Slovakia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Care oil", "brand": "AGIVA", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Care oil The product contains octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) (measured value: 43%). D4 is very persistent, bioaccum", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/01556/20", "year": "2020", "week": "47", "date": "20/11/2020", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Oil for skin and hair", "brand": "AlezaR", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 07/10/2020", "evidence_phrase": "Oil for skin and hair The product contains octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4).D4 is very persistent, bioaccumulative and it might al", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00121/23", "year": "2023", "week": "3", "date": "20/01/2023", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Hair dye", "brand": "Renée Blanche", "risk_type": "Chemical, Environment", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Removal of this product listing by the online marketplaceDate of entry into force: 29/10/2025Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Removal of this product listing by the online marketplaceDate of entry into force: 29/10/2025", "evidence_phrase": "Hair dye The product contains octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), which is forbidden in cosmetic products. D4 is very p", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/01100/24", "year": "2024", "week": "18", "date": "03/05/2024", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Hair mask", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Hair mask The product contains octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), which is prohibited in cosmetics products. D4 is very", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/01130/24", "year": "2024", "week": "19", "date": "10/05/2024", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eye lift gel", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Eye lift gel The product contains octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), which is forbidden in cosmetics products. D4 is very", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "SR/00299/25", "year": "2025", "week": "4", "date": "24/01/2025", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Hair oil", "brand": "BIOSILK", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Hair oil According to the list of ingredients, the product contains octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), which is prohibited in leave-on cosmetics. D4 may dam", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "ddt": { "slug": "ddt", "name": "DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)", "cas": "50-29-3", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/ddt", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum p,p'-Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) (lipid adjusted) (1999 - 2004)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "ng/g of lipid or parts per billion on a lipid-weight basis", "cycle": "99-00", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 28.0, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.7, "detection_year": "2007–2009", "total_n": "1668", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/8-results-chemical-group-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2010.html#n8_2_3" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1987, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "STOT RE 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H351", "H372", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "DDT (1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethane)", "cas": "50-29-3", "ec_number": "200-024-3", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "None", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": null, "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, p,p'- (DDT)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.029, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0005, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.23, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "decanal": { "slug": "decanal", "name": "Decanal", "cas": "112-31-2", "family": "skin", "atlas_url": "/atlas/decanal", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Decanaldehyde (2013 - 2014)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "Decanal", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Decanal", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 18, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.002499, "weight_percent_median": 0.006476, "weight_percent_max": 0.023289, "measurements": 18 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.008618, "weight_percent_median": 0.0778, "weight_percent_max": 0.184689, "measurements": 4 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.037155, "weight_percent_median": 0.037155, "weight_percent_max": 0.037155, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "commerce", "smoke" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "deha": { "slug": "deha", "name": "Di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate", "cas": "103-23-1", "family": "phth", "atlas_url": "/atlas/deha", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000, "reported_name": "Hexanedioic acid, 1,6-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "40,000,000 – <55,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 40000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "40,000,000 – <55,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 40000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "40,000,000 – <55,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 40000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "1993-2024", "total_releases_kg": 90470.693, "facilities": 58, "provinces": 4, "reported_name": "Bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Di(2-ethylhexyl)adipate", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.6, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 65.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "dieldrin": { "slug": "dieldrin", "name": "Dieldrin", "cas": "60-57-1", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dieldrin", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Dieldrin (lipid adjusted) (2001 - 2004)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "ng/g of lipid or parts per billion on a lipid-weight basis", "cycle": "03-04", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 19.0, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Acute Tox. 1", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "STOT RE 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 1", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "1", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H310", "H351", "H372", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Dieldrin", "cas": "60-57-1", "ec_number": "200-484-5", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "None", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": null, "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Dieldrin", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.00061, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 5e-05, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.0018, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "dmp": { "slug": "dmp", "name": "Dimethyl phthalate", "cas": "131-11-3", "family": "phth", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dmp", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Monomethyl phthalate (MMP)", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "2.0", "p95": "9.9", "detection_pct": "95.9", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 93.2, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "10933", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono-methyl phthalate (MMP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-5.html#s14-1" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "Monomethyl phthalate (MMP)", "matrix": "Urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "5 (2016–2017)", "geo_mean": "2.0", "p95": "9.9", "detection_pct": "95.9", "is_metabolite_of_parent": true, "current": { "detection_pct": 93.2, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "10933", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mono-methyl phthalate (MMP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-5.html#s14-1" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-dimethyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 67038.491, "facilities": 70, "states": 23, "reported_name": "Dimethyl phthalate", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": { "years": "1996-2024", "total_releases_kg": 222915.901, "facilities": 21, "provinces": 3, "reported_name": "Dimethyl phthalate", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": true, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "commerce", "releases" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "endrin": { "slug": "endrin", "name": "Endrin", "cas": "72-20-8", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/endrin", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Endrin (lipid adjusted) (2001 - 2004)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "ng/g of lipid or parts per billion on a lipid-weight basis", "cycle": "03-04", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1998, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 3 *", "Acute Tox. 2 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 2 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "2 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H300", "H311", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Endrin", "cas": "72-20-8", "ec_number": "200-775-7", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "None", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": null, "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Endrin", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0003, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 2.3, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "eugenol": { "slug": "eugenol", "name": "Eugenol", "cas": "97-53-0", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/eugenol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000, "reported_name": "Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)phenol (or eugenol || “a4gucl” || 4-Allylguaiacol)", "source_categories": [ "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.242258, "weight_percent_median": 0.242258, "weight_percent_max": 0.242258, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 18, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.08637, "weight_percent_median": 0.189628, "weight_percent_max": 0.650145, "measurements": 18 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.006072, "weight_percent_median": 0.170328, "weight_percent_max": 0.300335, "measurements": 5 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.145145, "weight_percent_median": 0.237813, "weight_percent_max": 0.33048, "measurements": 2 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 15, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Czechia", "Finland", "Slovakia", "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/1517/14", "year": "2014", "week": "39", "date": "03/10/2014", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Plastic ball", "brand": "Free & Easy", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: 01/08/2014", "evidence_phrase": "lastic ball null The ball releases volatile compounds, like eugenol and coumarin. Eugenol and coumarin are allergenic fragrance", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0669/16", "year": "2016", "week": "22", "date": "03/06/2016", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eau de Toilette", "brand": "CUBA ORIGINAL by PARFUMS DES CHAMPS,", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/04/2016", "evidence_phrase": "the allergenic substances Limonen, Linalool, Cinnamaldehyd, Eugenol, alfa-isomethylionon, Lilial, Coumarin, Amylcinnamyl aldehy", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0121/17", "year": "2017", "week": "5", "date": "03/02/2017", "notifying_country": "Slovakia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Toothpaste", "brand": "Vicco", "risk_type": "Chemical, Microbiological", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 23/12/2016", "evidence_phrase": "s. Moreover, the product contains the allergenic substances Eugenol and Limonene (0.052 % and 0.021 % by weight respectively) w", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0454/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "DICOO", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 13/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "limonene, linalool, benzyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, eugenol, butylphenyl methylpropional as well as hexyl cinnamal, ben", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0465/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "Stitch", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 02/03/2018", "evidence_phrase": "benzyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, hydroxycitronellal, eugenol, alpha- somethyl ionone, butylphenyl methylpropional, hexyl", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0616/18", "year": "2018", "week": "18", "date": "04/05/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "Shirley May", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 16/04/2018", "evidence_phrase": "e contains the following fragrances: citronellol, geraniol, eugenol, alpha-isomethyl ionone and hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene c", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "commerce", "smoke", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "geraniol": { "slug": "geraniol", "name": "Geraniol", "cas": "106-24-1", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/geraniol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Skin Sens. 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H317" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "2,6-Octadien-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-, (2E)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 30, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Czechia", "France", "Germany", "Spain", "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0670/16", "year": "2016", "week": "22", "date": "03/06/2016", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eau de Toilette", "brand": "Shirley May", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/04/2016", "evidence_phrase": "substances Limonen, Linalool, Benzyl alcohol, Citronellol, Geraniol, Citral, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial, Farnesol, Amylcinnamyl", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1431/16", "year": "2016", "week": "44", "date": "04/11/2016", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Felt-tip pens", "brand": "GIOTTO / FILA", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 14/10/2016Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 14/10/2016", "evidence_phrase": "r sensitisation and allergic reactions; toys shall also not contain geraniol and benzyl alcohol unless technically unavoidable.The produ", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0450/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "CHAT D'OR", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 02/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "Perfume The perfume contains the fragrances geraniol (measured value: 0.0051% by weight) and butylphenyl methylp", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0452/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "LUXURE PARFUMES", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 08/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "Perfume The perfume contains the fragrance geraniol (measured value: 0.0044 % by weight). Since this substance,", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0454/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "DICOO", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 13/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "fragrances limonene, linalool, benzyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, eugenol, butylphenyl methylpropional as well as hexyl cinn", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0464/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "LA RIVE", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 26/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "Perfume The perfume contains the fragrances geraniol, hydroxyisohexyl 3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde, and hexyl ci", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "glyoxal": { "slug": "glyoxal", "name": "Glyoxal (durable-press finish)", "cas": "107-22-2", "family": "dye", "atlas_url": "/atlas/glyoxal", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Muta. 2", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2", "Skin Sens. 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Muta. 2", "class": "Muta.", "category": "2", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H315", "H317", "H319", "H332", "H341" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": "2", "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "Ethanedial", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Glyoxal", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 15.894434, "weight_percent_median": 15.894434, "weight_percent_max": 15.894434, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 17, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.056685, "weight_percent_median": 0.84707, "weight_percent_max": 2.183471, "measurements": 17 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.676469, "weight_percent_median": 3.517907, "weight_percent_max": 4.286918, "measurements": 5 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 7.008734, "weight_percent_median": 7.643694, "weight_percent_max": 8.278653, "measurements": 2 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 1.311562, "weight_percent_median": 1.311562, "weight_percent_max": 1.311562, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "glyphosate": { "slug": "glyphosate", "name": "Glyphosate", "cas": "1071-83-6", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/glyphosate", "verdict": { "verdict": "complicated", "label": "Genuinely contested — the experts disagree", "why": "This is one of the few where the science itself is split: IARC called glyphosate a probable human carcinogen in 2015, while the EPA and EFSA concluded it's unlikely to be carcinogenic at real-world exposures. That's not spin — it's a real disagreement about how to weigh the evidence, and honest people land in different places.", "matters": "Exposure is via food and water, not the bedroom. If you want to reduce it, washing produce and choosing organic for the highest-residue crops helps at the margin. We report the disagreement rather than pretend it's settled.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Glyphosate (N-(Phosphonomethyl)glycine) (2013 - 2018)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": 0.263, "p95": 1.35, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "glyphosate", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 80.2, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "7095", "cycles": "3", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "glyphosate", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/glyphosate-in-people.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 2017, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Eye Dam. 1", "Aquatic Chronic 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Eye Dam. 1", "class": "Eye Dam.", "category": "1", "plain": "serious eye damage" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 2", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "2", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H318", "H411" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Glyphosate", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.1, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 2000.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "guaiacol": { "slug": "guaiacol", "name": "2-Methoxyphenol (guaiacol)", "cas": "90-05-1", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/guaiacol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H315", "H319" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000, "reported_name": "Phenol, 2-methoxy-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Guaiacol (or 2-Methoxyphenol)", "source_categories": [ "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 1.785996, "weight_percent_median": 1.785996, "weight_percent_max": 1.785996, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 18, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.576268, "weight_percent_median": 1.12007, "weight_percent_max": 2.949512, "measurements": 18 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 5, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.08497, "weight_percent_median": 0.731172, "weight_percent_max": 1.464919, "measurements": 5 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 2.459405, "weight_percent_median": 2.602712, "weight_percent_max": 2.746019, "measurements": 2 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "smoke" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "hexanal": { "slug": "hexanal", "name": "Hexanal", "cas": "66-25-1", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/hexanal", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Hexanaldehyde (2013 - 2014)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": 2.08, "p95": 3.74, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000, "reported_name": "Hexanal", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Hexaldehyde (or hexanal || Hexanaldehyde)", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "prescribed_fire", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.09699, "weight_percent_median": 0.09699, "weight_percent_max": 0.09699, "measurements": 1 }, "TOG": { "profiles": 25, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010", "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.001536, "weight_percent_median": 0.016937, "weight_percent_max": 0.127858, "measurements": 25 } } }, "prescribed_fire": { "label": "Prescribed fire / slash burning", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 7, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2001", "2010" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.075691, "weight_percent_median": 0.080525, "weight_percent_max": 0.127858, "measurements": 7 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 3, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997", "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.0, "weight_percent_median": 0.028363, "weight_percent_max": 2.194754, "measurements": 3 }, "VOC": { "profiles": 2, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 1.43687, "weight_percent_median": 1.988456, "weight_percent_max": 2.540041, "measurements": 2 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.304669, "weight_percent_median": 0.304669, "weight_percent_max": 0.304669, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "commerce", "smoke" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "isoeugenol": { "slug": "isoeugenol", "name": "Isoeugenol", "cas": "97-54-1", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/isoeugenol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "8,258,684", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8258684, "reported_name": "Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(1-propen-1-yl)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "8,258,684", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8258684 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "8,582,404", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8582404 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "8,769,261", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8769261 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "9,337,050", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 9337050 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Isoeugenol (or isoeug)", "source_categories": [ "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.200133, "weight_percent_median": 0.200133, "weight_percent_max": 0.200133, "measurements": 1 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.014573, "weight_percent_median": 0.331528, "weight_percent_max": 0.80432, "measurements": 4 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 4, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Czechia", "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0451/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "ONLYOU COSMETICS", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 06/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "oduct contains the fragrances D-Limonene, Linalool, Citral, Isoeugenol and Hexyl cinnamal (measured values: 0.043 %, 0.35%, 0.0017", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0438/19", "year": "2019", "week": "11", "date": "15/03/2019", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "VANDAN", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 04/03/2019", "evidence_phrase": "umarin, hydroxycitronellal, citronellol, eugenol, geraniol, isoeugenol, alpha - isomethyl ionone, benzyl alcohol and d-Limonene (m", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A11/00008/24", "year": "2024", "week": "3", "date": "19/01/2024", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "GORDANO PARFUMS", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/10/2023", "evidence_phrase": "Perfume This product has an excessive concentration of Isoeugenol (measured value: up to 0.0052% by weight). This substance m", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "SR/00860/25", "year": "2025", "week": "10", "date": "07/03/2025", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Hand cream", "brand": "R&R Skincare", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 08/01/2025", "evidence_phrase": "product contains allergenic fragrances (eugenol, geraniol, isoeugenol, limonene and linalool), which are not mentioned in the lis", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "commerce", "smoke", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "methylisothiazolinone": { "slug": "methylisothiazolinone", "name": "Methylisothiazolinone", "cas": "2682-20-4", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/methylisothiazolinone", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 2", "Acute Tox. 3", "Skin Corr. 1B", "Eye Dam. 1", "Skin Sens. 1A", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 2", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "2", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Corr. 1B", "class": "Skin Corr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "skin corrosion" }, { "code": "Eye Dam. 1", "class": "Eye Dam.", "category": "1", "plain": "serious eye damage" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1A", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1A", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H311", "H314", "H317", "H318", "H330", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "<25,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0, "reported_name": "3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 2-methyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "<25,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "50,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "<25,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 171, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Ireland", "Latvia", "Lithuania", "Portugal", "Slovakia", "Slovenia", "Sweden", "The Netherlands" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "1626/09", "year": "2009", "week": "49", "date": "18/12/2009", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Foot cream - Piruet", "brand": "Rassvet", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and withdrawal from the market ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "roduct poses a chemical risk because it contains 0.03-0.08% Methylisothiazolinone (INCI) which exceeds the maximum permitted in cosmetics acc", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0951/14", "year": "2014", "week": "25", "date": "27/06/2014", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Body mousse", "brand": "Organic Shop", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 30/05/2014", "evidence_phrase": "dy mousse null The product poses a chemical risk because it contains methylisothiazolinone (MI) in excess of the approved concentraiton limit (measure", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0952/14", "year": "2014", "week": "25", "date": "27/06/2014", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Body butter", "brand": "Organic Shop", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 30/05/2014", "evidence_phrase": "dy butter null The product poses a chemical risk because it contains methylisothiazolinone (MI) in excess of the approved concentration limit (measure", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0426/15", "year": "2015", "week": "12", "date": "27/03/2015", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Make-up remover", "brand": "Gunry", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: 06/02/2015", "evidence_phrase": "Make-up remover null The product contains methylisothiazolinone (MI) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI). MI and MCI are", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0032/16", "year": "2016", "week": "3", "date": "22/01/2016", "notifying_country": "Estonia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Body lotion", "brand": "SPARITUAL", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Warning consumers of the risksDate of entry into force: 07/12/2015Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 07/12/2015Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 07/12/2015", "evidence_phrase": "Body lotion null The product contains methylisothiazolinone (MI) in excess (measured value 0.0181%). MI is a sensitizin", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0446/16", "year": "2016", "week": "15", "date": "15/04/2016", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Fancy-dress make-up", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 21/03/2016", "evidence_phrase": "Fancy-dress make-up null The red liquid contains methylisothiazolinone (measured value 276 mg/kg). This preservative can induce co", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "mirex": { "slug": "mirex", "name": "Mirex (dodecachloropentacyclodecane)", "cas": "2385-85-5", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/mirex", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Mirex (lipid adjusted) (1999 - 2004)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "ng/g of lipid or parts per billion on a lipid-weight basis", "cycle": "99-00", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "mirex", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 47.9, "detection_year": "2007–2009", "total_n": "1668", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "mirex", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/8-results-chemical-group-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2010.html#n8_2_6" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Repr. 2", "Lact.", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Repr. 2", "class": "Repr.", "category": "2", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Lact.", "class": "Lact.", "category": null, "plain": "effects on or via lactation" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H312", "H351", "H361fd", "H362", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "2", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Mirex", "cas": "2385-85-5", "ec_number": "219-196-6", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "None", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": null, "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Mirex", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.00055, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0002, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.00088, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "ndela": { "slug": "ndela", "name": "N-Nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA)", "cas": "1116-54-7", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/ndela", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H350" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Nitrosodiethanolamine, N-", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.0035, "resident_air_basis": "cancer endpoint (1-in-a-million excess lifetime risk)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": null, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.028, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 47, "sleep_related_alerts": 1, "countries": [ "Cyprus", "France", "Germany", "The Netherlands" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0381/04", "year": "2005", "week": "2", "date": "21/01/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary recall and withdrawal from the market.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Excessive content (489 ug/kg) of N-Nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) in the shampoo.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0341/05", "year": "2005", "week": "26", "date": "01/07/2005", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): [None: no more stocks were found at the premises of the supplier.Date of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): [None: no more stocks were found at the premises of the supplier.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Chemical risk. Presence of N-Nitrosamine: N-Nitrosodiethanolamine 63 &micro;g/kg.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0609/05", "year": "2005", "week": "48", "date": "02/12/2005", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from distribution by the German importer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "at extension mascara blue containedN-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) at the levels of 142, 133 and 111 µg/kg (products are avai", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0728/05", "year": "2006", "week": "1", "date": "13/01/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawn by the manufacturer.Date of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawn by the manufacturer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "vels (1002 ppb) of contaminating carcinogenic nitrosamines (NDELA) above the 50 ppb maximum limit allowed by the Cosmetics Di", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0391/06", "year": "2006", "week": "26", "date": "07/07/2006", "notifying_country": "The Netherlands", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eyeliner", "brand": "Rimmel", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market by the distributor. Placing on the market prohibited by the authorities. Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Eyeliner Tested eyeliners contained N-nitrosodiethanolamine (NDELA) at levels of 142, 206 and 84 µg/kg respectively. Ac", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0019/06", "year": "2006", "week": "3", "date": "27/01/2006", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": null, "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal of the product from the market by distributor.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "contains high level (204 µg/kg) of N- Nitrosodiethanolamin (NDELA) above the maximum limit allowed by the Cosmetic Directive.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "nonanal": { "slug": "nonanal", "name": "Nonanal (Aldehyde C-9)", "cas": "124-19-6", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/nonanal", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Nonanaldehyde (2013 - 2014)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 5.2, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "Nonanal", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Nonanal", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.103648, "weight_percent_median": 0.103648, "weight_percent_max": 0.103648, "measurements": 1 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.006937, "weight_percent_median": 0.021001, "weight_percent_max": 0.079309, "measurements": 4 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.063163, "weight_percent_median": 0.063163, "weight_percent_max": 0.063163, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "commerce", "smoke" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "octanal": { "slug": "octanal", "name": "Octanal", "cas": "124-13-0", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/octanal", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Octanaldehyde (2013 - 2014)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "ng/mL", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 0.995, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "Octanal", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Octanal", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke", "residential_wood", "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "NMOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": null, "weight_percent_min": 0.036709, "weight_percent_median": 0.036709, "weight_percent_max": 0.036709, "measurements": 1 } } }, "residential_wood": { "label": "Residential wood combustion", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 4, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1997" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.006072, "weight_percent_median": 0.018162, "weight_percent_max": 0.089614, "measurements": 4 } } }, "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.222928, "weight_percent_median": 0.222928, "weight_percent_max": 0.222928, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "commerce", "smoke" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "ozone": { "slug": "ozone", "name": "Ozone", "cas": "10028-15-6", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/ozone", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Ox. Gas 1", "Carc. 2", "Muta. 2", "Acute Tox. 1", "STOT SE 1", "STOT RE 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Ox. Gas 1", "class": "Ox. Gas", "category": "1", "plain": "oxidising gas" }, { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Muta. 2", "class": "Muta.", "category": "2", "plain": "germ cell mutagenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 1", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "1", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT SE 1", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H270", "H330", "H341", "H351", "H370", "H372", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": "2", "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "30,796", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 30796, "reported_name": "Ozone", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "30,796", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 30796 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "4,918", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4918 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 888104.286, "facilities": 59, "states": 26, "reported_name": "Ozone", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "releases" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "pentachlorobenzene": { "slug": "pentachlorobenzene", "name": "Pentachlorobenzene", "cas": "608-93-5", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pentachlorobenzene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Sol. 1", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Sol. 1", "class": "Flam. Sol.", "category": "1", "plain": "flammable solid" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H228", "H302", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Pentachlorobenzene", "cas": "608-93-5", "ec_number": "210-172-0", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "None", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": null, "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 2860.115, "facilities": 20, "states": 11, "reported_name": "Pentachlorobenzene", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Pentachlorobenzene", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0008, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 3.2, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "pfhpa": { "slug": "pfhpa", "name": "Perfluoroheptanoic acid", "cas": "375-85-9", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pfhpa", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 553, "detection_pct": 5.37, "max_ugL": 0.0727, "min_reporting_level": 0.003, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 5, 3 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "Perfluoroheptanoic acid", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 553, "detection_pct": 5.37, "max_ugL": 0.0727, "median_detect_ugL": 0.0042, "min_reporting_level": 0.003, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null }, { "cycle": 3, "period": "2013-2015", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 3 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 3rd cycle", "analyte": "Perfluoroheptanoic acid", "systems_sampled": 4920, "systems_with_detection": 86, "detection_pct": 1.75, "max_ugL": 0.41, "median_detect_ugL": 0.017, "min_reporting_level": 0.01, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA) (2011 - 2014)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 0.2, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "toxic for reproduction", "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)", "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)", "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Toxic for reproduction (Article 57c)", "PBT (Article 57d)", "vPvB (Article 57e)", "Equivalent level of concern having probable serious effects to human health (Article 57(f) - human health)", "Equivalent level of concern having probable serious effects to the environment (Article 57(f) - environment)" ], "first_listed": "17-Jan-2023", "first_listed_iso": "2023-01-17", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Repr. 1B", "STOT RE 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H360D", "H372" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "pfpea": { "slug": "pfpea", "name": "Perfluoropentanoic acid", "cas": "2706-90-3", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pfpea", "verdict": { "verdict": "complicated", "label": "Everywhere in your water — and nobody regulates it", "why": "PFPeA is the most-detected PFAS in US tap water — found in about one in five systems — and it carries no federal limit at all. It's also a short-chain, which means it slips straight through the carbon pitcher most people trust. The honest gap: its specific health evidence is thin, so the story is a regulatory hole, not a proven harm.", "matters": "If you filter for PFAS, use reverse osmosis or anion exchange — carbon lets this one through. Watchful, not alarmed.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json", "hazard": "Not classified; limited toxicology", "persistence": "Extremely persistent", "evidence": "Emerging" }, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 2032, "detection_pct": 19.75, "max_ugL": 0.358, "min_reporting_level": 0.003, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 5 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "Perfluoropentanoic acid", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 2032, "detection_pct": 19.75, "max_ugL": 0.358, "median_detect_ugL": 0.0055, "min_reporting_level": 0.003, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA) (2013 - 2014)", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Reverse osmosis (point-of-use)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes ~90–99% of PFAS (long- and short-chain) plus most dissolved metals, nitrate and fluoride — the broadest single fix.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research; NSF/ANSI 58", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Anion-exchange resin filter", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes both long- AND short-chain PFAS better than carbon; also targets nitrate and chromium-6.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" }, { "action": "Avoid stain-/water-proofed textiles and grease-proof packaging", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Cuts a real PFAS input route — treated carpets, upholstery, 'stain-resistant' fabrics and fast-food wrappers shed PFAS into dust and food.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "PFAS source-reduction rationale; see the PFAS pages", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/pfas-tap-water" }, { "action": "Standard carbon pitcher (Brita Standard/Stream, most “water filter” pitchers)", "effect": "none", "efficacy": "Does NOT remove PFAS. Built for taste/chlorine, not forever chemicals.", "tier": "industry", "source": "Environmental Working Group filter testing; manufacturer specs", "source_url": "https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "body", "remediation" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "phenoxyethanol": { "slug": "phenoxyethanol", "name": "Phenoxyethanol", "cas": "122-99-6", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/phenoxyethanol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 4", "STOT SE 3", "Eye Dam. 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 4", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Eye Dam. 1", "class": "Eye Dam.", "category": "1", "plain": "serious eye damage" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H318", "H335" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000, "reported_name": "Ethanol, 2-phenoxy-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "40,000,000 – <55,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 40000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "40,000,000 – <55,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 40000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 8, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Lithuania", "Slovenia", "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0102/19", "year": "2019", "week": "4", "date": "25/01/2019", "notifying_country": "Slovenia", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Nail set for children", "brand": "Soy Luna", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 23/11/2018", "evidence_phrase": "Nail set for children The red nail polish contains too much phenoxyethanol (measured value: 1.4%).Phenoxyethanol is haematotoxic and a", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00951/20", "year": "2020", "week": "27", "date": "03/07/2020", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Hair dye", "brand": "Fitocosmetic", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 19/06/2020", "evidence_phrase": "Hair dye The product contains an excessive amount of 2-phenoxyethanol (measured value: 1.2 %), which is haematotoxic, a mild irri", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00057/20", "year": "2020", "week": "3", "date": "17/01/2020", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "hair-dye", "brand": "Fitocosmetic", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "hair-dye The product contains preservative 2-phenoxyethanol (measured value: 1.4%) that may cause sensitization, irrita", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00588/22", "year": "2022", "week": "16", "date": "22/04/2022", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Shower gel", "brand": "Oud Dubai", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "persons. Furthermore, the product contains chlorphensin and phenoxyethanol, without indicating them in the list of ingredients. Chlorp", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00202/24", "year": "2024", "week": "5", "date": "01/02/2024", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Sunscreen milk", "brand": "DELICE", "risk_type": "Chemical, Microbiological", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "unscreen milk The product contains an excessive amount of 2-phenoxyethanol (measured value: 1.7%), which is haematotoxic, a mild irrit", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "SR/04441/25", "year": "2026", "week": "1", "date": "09/01/2026", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Hair lotion", "brand": "Hair MD Professionel", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 21/11/2025Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Removal of this product listing by the online marketplaceDate of entry into force: 21/11/2025", "evidence_phrase": "Hair lotion The product has an excessive concentration of 2-phenoxyethanol (measured value: 1.76 %). 2-phenoxyethanol is haematotoxic,", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "piperonyl-butoxide": { "slug": "piperonyl-butoxide", "name": "Piperonyl butoxide", "cas": "51-03-6", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/piperonyl-butoxide", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "STOT SE 3", "Eye Irrit. 2", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H319", "H335", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "250,000 – <550,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000, "reported_name": "1,3-Benzodioxole, 5-[[2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethoxy]methyl]-6-propyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <550,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <550,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "550,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <550,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 5431.662, "facilities": 12, "states": 8, "reported_name": "Piperonyl butoxide", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "releases" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "propylene-glycol": { "slug": "propylene-glycol", "name": "Propylene glycol", "cas": "57-55-6", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/propylene-glycol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000, "reported_name": "1,2-Propanediol", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Propylene Glycol", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 20.0, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 400000.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Germany" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/1877/14", "year": "2014", "week": "47", "date": "28/11/2014", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Other - -", "product": "Water-pipe tobacco", "brand": "Al Ajamy", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 16/10/2014", "evidence_phrase": "r-pipe tobacco null The product contains the substances 1,2-propylene glycol and glycerin above the permitted levels (measures values: u", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "commerce", "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "propylparaben": { "slug": "propylparaben", "name": "Propylparaben", "cas": "94-13-3", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/propylparaben", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary n-Propyl paraben (2011 - 2016)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": 4.2, "p95": 176.0, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "propyl paraben", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 60.8, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "10154", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "propyl paraben", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/parabens-canadians.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "<75,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0, "reported_name": "Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, propyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "<75,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "<75,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "<75,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 2, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Ireland", "Lithuania" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/1006/17", "year": "2017", "week": "30", "date": "28/07/2017", "notifying_country": "Ireland", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Cream for babies", "brand": "Cotton Tree", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Cream for babies null This product contains 0.1% of propylparaben. This paraben has a potential endocrine disrupting activity", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00819/22", "year": "2022", "week": "23", "date": "10/06/2022", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Wet wipes for babies", "brand": "cotton club", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 26/05/2022", "evidence_phrase": "Wet wipes for babies The product contains propylparaben, which use is forbidden in leave-on products designed for a", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "tbbpa": { "slug": "tbbpa", "name": "Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA)", "cas": "79-94-7", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/tbbpa", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 2017, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "carcinogenic" ], "reasons": [ "Carcinogenic (Article 57a)" ], "first_listed": "17-Jan-2023", "first_listed_iso": "2023-01-17", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H350", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "Phenol, 4,4'-(1-methylethylidene)bis[2,6-dibromo-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <50,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 21740.768, "facilities": 57, "states": 29, "reported_name": "Tetrabromobisphenol A", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "releases" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "tbph": { "slug": "tbph", "name": "Bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate", "cas": "26040-51-7", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/tbph", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.6, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "2458", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/fact-sheets/chemicals-glance/tbb-tbph.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.6, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "2458", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/fact-sheets/chemicals-glance/tbb-tbph.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "17-Jan-2023", "first_listed_iso": "2023-01-17", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "7,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 7000000, "reported_name": "1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-, 1,2-bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "7,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 7000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "tphp": { "slug": "tphp", "name": "Triphenyl phosphate", "cas": "115-86-6", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/tphp", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "diphenyl phosphate (DPHP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 96.5, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "2399", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "diphenyl phosphate (DPHP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/fact-sheets/chemicals-glance/flame-retardants-group.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "diphenyl phosphate (DPHP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 96.5, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "2399", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "diphenyl phosphate (DPHP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/fact-sheets/chemicals-glance/flame-retardants-group.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Endocrine disrupting properties (Article 57(f) - environment)" ], "first_listed": "07-Nov-2024", "first_listed_iso": "2024-11-07", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000, "reported_name": "Phosphoric acid, triphenyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "4,000,000 – <5,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "tributyltin": { "slug": "tributyltin", "name": "Tributyltin", "cas": "56-35-9", "family": "metal", "atlas_url": "/atlas/tributyltin", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)" ], "reasons": [ "PBT (Article 57d)" ], "first_listed": "28-Oct-2008", "first_listed_iso": "2008-10-28", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 0.006, "facilities": 2, "states": 2, "reported_name": "Bis(tributyltin) oxide", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Tributyltin Oxide", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0003, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 5.7, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "triclosan": { "slug": "triclosan", "name": "Triclosan", "cas": "3380-34-5", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/triclosan", "verdict": { "verdict": "mild", "label": "Mostly already removed from products", "why": "Triclosan is an antibacterial that raised endocrine and antibiotic-resistance concerns — and largely because of them, the FDA banned it from consumer hand soaps in 2016 and manufacturers pulled it from most products. It's measurable in the body, but declining, and it was never a bedroom compound.", "matters": "Check labels on older antibacterial products and toothpaste if you want to avoid it, but this is a fading problem, not a rising one. Plain soap works as well as antibacterial for handwashing.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Triclosan (2011 - 2016)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": 5.79, "p95": 348.0, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "triclosan", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 7.8, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "11212", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "triclosan", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/fourth-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-page-3.html#a9-2" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H315", "H319", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 4, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "France", "Germany", "Portugal" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0640/11", "year": "2011", "week": "28", "date": "15/07/2011", "notifying_country": "Portugal", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Deodorants \"Anhidrol\"", "brand": "IOOX - HYGIENE.", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": null, "evidence_phrase": "mical risk as they contain the ingredient 0.4% by weight of Triclosan.The products do not comply with the Cosmetics Directive.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1075/16", "year": "2016", "week": "34", "date": "26/08/2016", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Skin cream and tonic", "brand": "Derma Innovo", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: 11/07/2016Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Warning consumers of the risksDate of entry into force: 11/07/2016Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 11/07/2016", "evidence_phrase": "could lead to endocrine problems. The cream and liquid also contain triclosan, which is non-authorised in skin cream and tonics. The prod", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0051/17", "year": "2017", "week": "3", "date": "20/01/2017", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Hair conditioner", "brand": "Sulfur 8", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 24/09/2016", "evidence_phrase": "Hair conditioner null The conditioner contains triclosan, which is not authorised in leave-on cosmetic products. The", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/01045/20", "year": "2020", "week": "29", "date": "17/07/2020", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Hair growth serum", "brand": "4 MEGA, INOVEL", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Hair growth serum The product contains triclosan (measured value: 0.02 %), which is not allowed in this type", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "tricresyl-phosphate": { "slug": "tricresyl-phosphate", "name": "Tricresyl phosphate (TCP)", "cas": "1330-78-5", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/tricresyl-phosphate", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "di-p-tolyl phosphate (DpCP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.4, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "2399", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "di-p-tolyl phosphate (DpCP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/fact-sheets/chemicals-glance/tricresyl-phosphate.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "di-p-tolyl phosphate (DpCP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.4, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "2399", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "di-p-tolyl phosphate (DpCP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/fact-sheets/chemicals-glance/tricresyl-phosphate.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000, "reported_name": "Phosphoric acid, tris(methylphenyl) ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Tricresyl Phosphate (TCP)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.02, "oral_rfd_source": "ATSDR", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 160.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "commerce", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "zinc-pyrithione": { "slug": "zinc-pyrithione", "name": "Zinc pyrithione", "cas": "13463-41-7", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/zinc-pyrithione", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Repr. 1B", "Acute Tox. 2", "Acute Tox. 3", "STOT RE 1", "Eye Dam. 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Repr. 1B", "class": "Repr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 2", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "2", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Eye Dam. 1", "class": "Eye Dam.", "category": "1", "plain": "serious eye damage" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H318", "H330", "H360D", "H372", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "1B", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "75,000 – <100,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000, "reported_name": "Zinc, bis[1-(hydroxy-.kappa.O)-2(1H)-pyridinethionato-.kappa.S2]-, (T-4)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <100,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "50,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/03058/24", "year": "2024", "week": "44", "date": "01/11/2024", "notifying_country": "Ireland", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Cosmetic set", "brand": "Epionce", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: UnknownType of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Warning consumers of the risksDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "metic set According to the list of ingredients, the product contains zinc pyrithione, which is prohibited in cosmetic products. Zinc pyrithione", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 3 }, "1-ohp": { "slug": "1-ohp", "name": "1-Hydroxypyrene", "cas": "5315-79-7", "family": "pah", "atlas_url": "/atlas/1-ohp", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary 1-Hydroxypyrene (2011 - 2016)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "ng/L", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": 123.0, "p95": 674.0, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Portable HEPA air cleaner, run continuously during a smoke episode", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Cut indoor PM2.5 by 48-78% in seven homes during a 2020 wildfire episode; a systematic review of landscape-fire interventions puts portable air cleaners at 54-92% for PM2.5.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Upgrade central HVAC filtration to MERV 13", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Mechanical ventilation with MERV 5/8 filters reduced landscape-fire PM2.5 indoors by 18-58%; MERV 12/13 achieved up to 87%.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Goodman N et al. (2025). Interventions for reducing exposure to air pollution from landscape fires in a changing environment: A systematic review. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.178621" }, { "action": "Launder textiles with a long presoak and a high detergent concentration", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "A 12-hour presoak at a 90:10 water-to-detergent ratio removed 97% of low-molecular-weight PAHs and 78% of high-molecular-weight PAHs from contaminated firefighter fabric, against 11% HMW removal at the 99:1 ratio.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Hossain MT et al. (2024). Assessing the Impact of Pre-Soaking to Enhance Laundering Efficacy of Firefighter Turnout Gear. Toxics.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12080544" }, { "action": "DIY box fan with a MERV 13 filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In a wildfire-season field study, DIY units were associated with a 7-11% reduction in indoor PM2.5 against 18.3% for a commercial unit; bench testing shows they remove 1-2.5 um particles well but fall off as particle size drops.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Prathibha P et al. (2024). Usage and Impact of a Do-It-Yourself Air Cleaner on Residential PM2.5 in a Smoke-Impacted Community. Atmospheric Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2024.120650" }, { "action": "Staying indoors with the windows closed, and nothing else", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Measured smoke infiltration into homes ran 0.33-0.76, so between a third and three quarters of outdoor PM2.5 was still present indoors. The authors state plainly that staying indoors is insufficient on its own.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Xiang J et al. (2021). Field measurements of PM2.5 infiltration factor and portable air cleaner effectiveness during wildfire episodes in US residences. Science of the Total Environment.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145642" }, { "action": "Normal laundering at the detergent dose on the bottle", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Even at multiples of the manufacturer-recommended surfactant concentration, only about 40% of high-molecular-weight PAHs came out of heavily contaminated fabric. In firefighter uniforms sampled before and after laundering, PAHs fell significantly in only 3 of 16 sampled areas, and flame retardants (OPFRs, PBDEs) showed no significant reduction at all.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Banks APW et al. (2020). Assessing decontamination and laundering processes for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and flame retardants from firefighting uniforms. Environmental Research.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110616" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "remediation" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "2-ethylhexanoic-acid": { "slug": "2-ethylhexanoic-acid", "name": "2-Ethylhexanoic acid", "cas": "149-57-5", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/2-ethylhexanoic-acid", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000, "reported_name": "Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 2, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Denmark" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/00632/20", "year": "2020", "week": "18", "date": "01/05/2020", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Wall coating", "brand": "Biltema", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 27/03/2020", "evidence_phrase": "Wall coating The surfaces coated with this product emanate 2-ethylhexanoic acid (measured value: 410 µg/m3 after 28 days), which might be e", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/00633/20", "year": "2020", "week": "18", "date": "01/05/2020", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Laquer", "brand": "Biltema", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 27/03/2020", "evidence_phrase": "Laquer The surfaces coated with this product emanate 2-ethylhexanoic acid (measured value: 200 µg/m3 after 28 days), which might be e", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "2-ethylhexanol": { "slug": "2-ethylhexanol", "name": "2-Ethylhexanol", "cas": "104-76-7", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/2-ethylhexanol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000, "reported_name": "1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Hexanol, 1-,2-ethyl- (2-Ethyl-1-hexanol)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": 0.0004, "inhalation_rfc_source": "EPA PPRTV", "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": 0.42, "resident_air_basis": "non-cancer endpoint (hazard quotient of 1)", "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.07, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA PPRTV", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 0.83, "has_inhalation_value": true, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "5-fu": { "slug": "5-fu", "name": "5-Fluorouracil", "cas": "51-21-8", "family": "chemo", "atlas_url": "/atlas/5-fu", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1989, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 0.052, "facilities": 2, "states": 2, "reported_name": "Fluorouracil", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "releases" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "6-2-fts": { "slug": "6-2-fts", "name": "6:2 Fluorotelomer Sulfonate", "cas": "27619-97-2", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/6-2-fts", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 182, "detection_pct": 1.77, "max_ugL": 0.672, "min_reporting_level": 0.005, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 5 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "6:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 182, "detection_pct": 1.77, "max_ugL": 0.672, "median_detect_ugL": 0.00995, "min_reporting_level": 0.005, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000, "reported_name": "1-Octanesulfonic acid, 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoro-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "bde-100": { "slug": "bde-100", "name": "Pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-100)", "cas": "189084-64-8", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/bde-100", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 2 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 2nd cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 2, "period": "2008-2010", "systems_sampled": 4140, "systems_with_detection": 0, "detection_pct": 0.0, "max_ugL": null, "min_reporting_level": 0.5, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": true, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 2 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 2, "period": "2008-2010", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 2 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 2nd cycle", "analyte": "BDE-100", "systems_sampled": 4140, "systems_with_detection": 0, "detection_pct": 0.0, "max_ugL": null, "median_detect_ugL": null, "min_reporting_level": 0.5, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": true, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum 2,2’,4,4’,6-Pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 100) (lipid adjusted) (2003 - 2004)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "ng/g of lipid or parts per billion on a lipid-weight basis", "cycle": "03-04", "geo_mean": 3.93, "p95": 36.5, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "PBDE 100 (2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 26.7, "detection_year": "2007–2009", "total_n": "1664", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "PBDE 100 (2,2',4,4',6-pentabromodiphenyl ether)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/8-results-chemical-group-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2010.html#n8_4" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "body" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "bronopol": { "slug": "bronopol", "name": "Bronopol", "cas": "52-51-7", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/bronopol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 4 *", "STOT SE 3", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Dam. 1", "Aquatic Acute 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Dam. 1", "class": "Eye Dam.", "category": "1", "plain": "serious eye damage" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H312", "H315", "H318", "H335", "H400" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0, "reported_name": "1,3-Propanediol, 2-bromo-2-nitro-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <400,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "citronellol": { "slug": "citronellol", "name": "Citronellol", "cas": "106-22-9", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/citronellol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "6-Octen-1-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 30, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Czechia", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Slovakia", "Spain" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0670/16", "year": "2016", "week": "22", "date": "03/06/2016", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eau de Toilette", "brand": "Shirley May", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/04/2016", "evidence_phrase": "he allergenic substances Limonen, Linalool, Benzyl alcohol, Citronellol, Geraniol, Citral, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial, Farnesol, Am", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0454/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "DICOO", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 13/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "contains the fragrances limonene, linalool, benzyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, eugenol, butylphenyl methylpropional as well as", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0463/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "C2U", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 26/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "fragrances d-limonene (measured value: 0.0041% by weight), citronellol (measured value: 0.02% by weight) and butylphenyl methylpro", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0465/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "Stitch", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 02/03/2018", "evidence_phrase": "ontains the following fragrances: linalool, benzyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, hydroxycitronellal, eugenol, alpha- somethyl ion", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0616/18", "year": "2018", "week": "18", "date": "04/05/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "Shirley May", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 16/04/2018", "evidence_phrase": "Perfume The perfume contains the following fragrances: citronellol, geraniol, eugenol, alpha-isomethyl ionone and hydroxyisohe", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1855/18", "year": "2018", "week": "50", "date": "14/12/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "JINBADI", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 04/11/2018", "evidence_phrase": "ntains the fragrances hexyl cinnamal, linalool, d-limonene, citronellol and geraniol (measured values: 0.14 %, 0.01 %, 0.004%, 0.00", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "crystalline-silica": { "slug": "crystalline-silica", "name": "Crystalline silica (quartz)", "cas": "14808-60-7", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/crystalline-silica", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "700,000,000 – <850,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 700000000, "reported_name": "Quartz (SiO2)", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "700,000,000 – <850,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 700000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000,000 – <2,500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "700,000,000 – <850,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 700000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "550,000,000 – <700,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 2, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Germany", "Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "1494/09", "year": "2009", "week": "45", "date": "20/11/2009", "notifying_country": "Germany", "product_category": "Jewellery", "product": "Watch - Classique quartz", "brand": "Classique", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary withdrawal from the market.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Watch - Classique quartz The product poses a chemical risk due to the release (from", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/01216/20", "year": "2020", "week": "37", "date": "11/09/2020", "notifying_country": "Ireland", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Epoxy Putty", "brand": "Rectorseal", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 30/07/2020", "evidence_phrase": "ng and it can cause skin and eye irritation, in addition to quartz that is carcinogenic. The required hazard pictograms and wa", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "d5-decamethylcyclopentasiloxane": { "slug": "d5-decamethylcyclopentasiloxane", "name": "Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5)", "cas": "541-02-6", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/d5-decamethylcyclopentasiloxane", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "70" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "70", "substance_name": "Decamethylcyclopentasiloxane", "cas": "541-02-6", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/0ac1f453-ad41-4010-e837-a68273b896ca", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)", "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "PBT (Article 57d)", "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "27-Jun-2018", "first_listed_iso": "2018-06-27", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000, "reported_name": "Cyclopentasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10-decamethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "85,000,000 – <100,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 85000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "d6-dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane": { "slug": "d6-dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane", "name": "Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane (D6)", "cas": "540-97-6", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/d6-dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "70" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "70", "substance_name": "Dodecamethylcyclohexasiloxane", "cas": "540-97-6", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/0ac1f453-ad41-4010-e837-a68273b896ca", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)", "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "PBT (Article 57d)", "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "27-Jun-2018", "first_listed_iso": "2018-06-27", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "5,500,000 – <7,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5500000, "reported_name": "Cyclohexasiloxane, 2,2,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,10,12,12-dodecamethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "5,500,000 – <7,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5500000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "5,500,000 – <7,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5500000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "7,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 7000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "5,500,000 – <7,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5500000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "dbdpe": { "slug": "dbdpe", "name": "Decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE)", "cas": "84852-53-9", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dbdpe", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "05-Nov-2025", "first_listed_iso": "2025-11-05", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "50,000,000 – <100,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000000, "reported_name": "Benzene, 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)bis[2,3,4,5,6-pentabromo-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "50,000,000 – <100,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "50,000,000 – <100,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "50,000,000 – <100,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "50,000,000 – <100,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "dechlorane-plus": { "slug": "dechlorane-plus", "name": "Dechlorane Plus", "cas": "13560-89-9", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dechlorane-plus", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "15-Jan-2018", "first_listed_iso": "2018-01-15", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Dechlorane Plus", "cas": "13560-89-9", "ec_number": "236-948-9", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Art. 4(1), point (b) applies to concentrations of Dechlorane Plus at or below 1 000 mg/kg (0,1 % by weight) and further stated limits.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "Annex lists 13560-89-9, 135821-03-3, 135821-74-8 (syn- and anti-isomers)", "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000, "reported_name": "1,4:7,10-Dimethanodibenzo[a,e]cyclooctene, 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,13,13,14,14-dodecachloro-1,4,4a,5,6,6a,7,10,10a,11,12,12a-dodecahydro-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "550,000 – <700,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "400,000 – <550,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "550,000 – <700,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "deet": { "slug": "deet", "name": "DEET (N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide)", "cas": "134-62-3", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/deet", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) (2011 - 2014)", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 0.103, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "m-[(N,N-diethylamino)carbonyl] benzoic acid (DCBA)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 76.4, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "4710", "cycles": "2", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "m-[(N,N-diethylamino)carbonyl] benzoic acid (DCBA)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/deet-in-people.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 4", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Irrit. 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 4", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Irrit. 2", "class": "Eye Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "eye irritation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H315", "H319" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "deltamethrin": { "slug": "deltamethrin", "name": "Deltamethrin", "cas": "52918-63-5", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/deltamethrin", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (cis-DBCA)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 80.9, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "12681", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (cis-DBCA)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-4.html#s13-2" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (cis-DBCA)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 80.9, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "12681", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "cis-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (cis-DBCA)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/sixth-report-human-biomonitoring/page-4.html#s13-2" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 3 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H331", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "dimethyl-fumarate": { "slug": "dimethyl-fumarate", "name": "Dimethyl fumarate", "cas": "624-49-7", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dimethyl-fumarate", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_restriction": { "dataset": "ECHA, substances restricted under REACH (Annex XVII)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/substances-restricted-under-reach", "restricted": true, "entry_numbers": [ "61" ], "entries": [ { "entry_no": "61", "substance_name": "Dimethyl fumarate (DMFu)", "cas": "624-49-7", "conditions_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/f9d87b89-5870-483f-bd8a-a5cfe18095cd", "conditions_text": null } ], "means": "REACH Annex XVII sets conditions on specific uses and concentrations. It is not a blanket ban on the substance." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0155/09", "year": "2009", "week": "3", "date": "30/01/2009", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Protective equipment", "product": "Helmet for equestrian activities", "brand": "Horse Pro", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Voluntary stop of sales by the manufacturer.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "tent in the sachet were analysed and found to contain > 80% dimethyl fumarate.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "dmea": { "slug": "dmea", "name": "2-Dimethylaminoethanol (DMEA)", "cas": "108-01-0", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dmea", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Liq. 3", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Skin Corr. 1B" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Liq. 3", "class": "Flam. Liq.", "category": "3", "plain": "flammable liquid" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Corr. 1B", "class": "Skin Corr.", "category": "1B", "plain": "skin corrosion" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H226", "H302", "H312", "H314", "H332" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000, "reported_name": "Ethanol, 2-(dimethylamino)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "ethylparaben": { "slug": "ethylparaben", "name": "Ethylparaben", "cas": "120-47-8", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/ethylparaben", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Ethyl paraben (2011 - 2016)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 91.5, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "ethyl paraben", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 35.1, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "10154", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "ethyl paraben", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/parabens-canadians.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "105,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 105000, "reported_name": "Benzoic acid, 4-hydroxy-, ethyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "105,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 105000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "78,200", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 78200 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "18,200", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 18200 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "fipronil": { "slug": "fipronil", "name": "Fipronil", "cas": "120068-37-3", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/fipronil", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 3 *", "STOT RE 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 1", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "1", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H311", "H331", "H372", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 4, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "France" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/01833/24", "year": "2024", "week": "28", "date": "12/07/2024", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Insecticide", "brand": "Green Soulby", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 07/06/2024", "evidence_phrase": "Insecticide The product contains fipronil, a substance that is toxic if swallowed, toxic in contact w", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/02453/24", "year": "2024", "week": "35", "date": "30/08/2024", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Insecticide", "brand": "SHENKE", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 15/07/2024Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 02/07/2024", "evidence_phrase": "Insecticide The product contains fipronil, a substance that is toxic if swallowed, toxic in contact w", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "SR/00453/25", "year": "2025", "week": "5", "date": "31/01/2025", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Insecticide", "brand": "Green leaf", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 23/12/2023", "evidence_phrase": "Insecticide The product contains fipronil, a substance that is toxic if swallowed, toxic in contact w", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "SR/00108/26", "year": "2026", "week": "3", "date": "23/01/2026", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Cockroach bait", "brand": "Green leaf", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Stop of salesDate of entry into force: 23/11/2025Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Removal of this product listing by the online marketplaceDate of entry into force: 24/11/2025Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Warning consumers of the risksDate of entry into force: 24/11/2025Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Removal of this product listing by the online marketplaceDate of entry into force: 18/05/2026Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Warning consumers of the risksDate of entry into force: 18/05/2026", "evidence_phrase": "Cockroach bait The product contains fipronil, a substance that is toxic if swallowed, toxic in contact w", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "hexabromobiphenyl": { "slug": "hexabromobiphenyl", "name": "Hexabromobiphenyl", "cas": "36355-01-8", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/hexabromobiphenyl", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 2 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 2nd cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 2, "period": "2008-2010", "systems_sampled": 4140, "systems_with_detection": 0, "detection_pct": 0.0, "max_ugL": null, "min_reporting_level": 0.7, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": true, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 2 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 2, "period": "2008-2010", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 2 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 2nd cycle", "analyte": "HBB", "systems_sampled": 4140, "systems_with_detection": 0, "detection_pct": 0.0, "max_ugL": null, "median_detect_ugL": null, "min_reporting_level": 0.7, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": true, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Hexabromobiphenyl", "cas": "36355-01-8", "ec_number": "252-994-2", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "None", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": null, "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "hydroxycitronellal": { "slug": "hydroxycitronellal", "name": "Hydroxycitronellal", "cas": "107-75-5", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/hydroxycitronellal", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000, "reported_name": "Octanal, 7-hydroxy-3,7-dimethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 16, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Czechia", "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0670/16", "year": "2016", "week": "22", "date": "03/06/2016", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eau de Toilette", "brand": "Shirley May", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/04/2016", "evidence_phrase": "n, Linalool, Benzyl alcohol, Citronellol, Geraniol, Citral, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial, Farnesol, Amylcinnamyl aldehyd, Lyral, Hexylcinnam", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0671/16", "year": "2016", "week": "22", "date": "03/06/2016", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eau de Parfum", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/04/2016", "evidence_phrase": "parfum contains the allergenic substances Linalool, Citral, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial, Coumarin, Farnesol and Hexylcinnamaldehyd in exces", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0465/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "Stitch", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 02/03/2018", "evidence_phrase": "ragrances: linalool, benzyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, hydroxycitronellal, eugenol, alpha- somethyl ionone, butylphenyl methylpropion", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0420/19", "year": "2019", "week": "11", "date": "15/03/2019", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "Street Looks", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 18/01/2019", "evidence_phrase": "henyl methylpropional, alpha-isomethyl ionone, citronellol, hydroxycitronellal, benzyl alcohol and hydroxyisohexyl 3–cyclohexene carboxald", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0423/19", "year": "2019", "week": "11", "date": "15/03/2019", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Spray deodorant", "brand": "BI-ES", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/02/2019", "evidence_phrase": "Spray deodorant The deodorant contains the fragrances hydroxycitronellal, alpha-isomethyl ionone and hydroxyisohexyl 3–cyclohexene c", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0425/19", "year": "2019", "week": "11", "date": "15/03/2019", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "Shirley May", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 19/02/2019", "evidence_phrase": "arin, hexyl cinnamal, benzyl alcohol, benzyl salicylate and hydroxycitronellal (measured values: 0.1 %, 0.04 %, 0.02 %, 0.02 %, 0.01 %, 0.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "imidacloprid": { "slug": "imidacloprid", "name": "Imidacloprid", "cas": "138261-41-3", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/imidacloprid", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Imidacloprid (2015 - 2016)", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 3", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 3", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "isobutylparaben": { "slug": "isobutylparaben", "name": "Isobutylparaben", "cas": "4247-02-3", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/isobutylparaben", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Endocrine disrupting properties (Article 57(f) - human health)" ], "first_listed": "17-Jan-2023", "first_listed_iso": "2023-01-17", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 28, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Bulgaria", "Czechia", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Italy", "Lithuania", "Romania", "Sweden", "The Netherlands", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0534/15", "year": "2015", "week": "16", "date": "24/04/2015", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Self-tanning product", "brand": "Body drench", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 18/03/2015", "evidence_phrase": "Self-tanning product null The product contains isobutylparaben, as indicated in the list of ingredients on the bottle.The", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0821/15", "year": "2015", "week": "26", "date": "03/07/2015", "notifying_country": "Romania", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Massage cream", "brand": "HERBARIA", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 10/06/2015", "evidence_phrase": "Massage cream null The product contains isobutylparaben, as indicated in the list of ingredients on the bottle.The", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1080/15", "year": "2015", "week": "35", "date": "04/09/2015", "notifying_country": "Romania", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Mascara", "brand": "RUBY ROSE", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 04/08/2015", "evidence_phrase": "Mascara null The product contains isobutylparaben, as indicated in the list of ingredients.The product does n", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1641/15", "year": "2015", "week": "50", "date": "18/12/2015", "notifying_country": "Romania", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Mascara", "brand": "CANTARE", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: 02/12/2015", "evidence_phrase": "Mascara null The product contains isobutylparaben, as indicated in the list of ingredients on the product. Th", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A11/0025/16", "year": "2015", "week": "51", "date": "25/12/2015", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Haircare product", "brand": "Berrywell", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 23/11/2015", "evidence_phrase": "Haircare product null The products contain isobutylparaben, as indicated in the list of ingredients on the bottle. The", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0127/16", "year": "2016", "week": "5", "date": "05/02/2016", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Peeling cream", "brand": "SALERM COSMETICS - Homme", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 05/01/2016", "evidence_phrase": "Peeling cream null The product contains isobutylparaben, as indicated in the list of ingredients. Isobutylparaben h", "match_basis": "named inside an explicit chemical-hazard construction", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "linalool": { "slug": "linalool", "name": "Linalool", "cas": "78-70-6", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/linalool", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000, "reported_name": "1,6-Octadien-3-ol, 3,7-dimethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 39, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Czechia", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Greece", "Hungary", "Slovakia", "Spain", "United Kingdom in respect of Northern Ireland" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0669/16", "year": "2016", "week": "22", "date": "03/06/2016", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eau de Toilette", "brand": "CUBA ORIGINAL by PARFUMS DES CHAMPS,", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/04/2016", "evidence_phrase": "eau de toilette contains the allergenic substances Limonen, Linalool, Cinnamaldehyd, Eugenol, alfa-isomethylionon, Lilial, Couma", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0670/16", "year": "2016", "week": "22", "date": "03/06/2016", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eau de Toilette", "brand": "Shirley May", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/04/2016", "evidence_phrase": "eau de toilette contains the allergenic substances Limonen, Linalool, Benzyl alcohol, Citronellol, Geraniol, Citral, Hydroxycitr", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0671/16", "year": "2016", "week": "22", "date": "03/06/2016", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Eau de Parfum", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/04/2016", "evidence_phrase": "m null The eau de parfum contains the allergenic substances Linalool, Citral, Hydroxycitronellal, Lilial, Coumarin, Farnesol and", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0451/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "ONLYOU COSMETICS", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 06/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "Perfume The product contains the fragrances D-Limonene, Linalool, Citral, Isoeugenol and Hexyl cinnamal (measured values: 0.", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0482/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "L'ARÔME", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 06/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "Perfume The perfume contains the fragrances d-limonene, linalool, butylphenyl methylpropional and coumarin (measured values:", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0454/18", "year": "2018", "week": "13", "date": "30/03/2018", "notifying_country": "Czechia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Perfume", "brand": "DICOO", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 13/02/2018", "evidence_phrase": "Perfume The perfume contains the fragrances limonene, linalool, benzyl alcohol, citronellol, geraniol, eugenol, butylpheny", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "melamine": { "slug": "melamine", "name": "Melamine", "cas": "108-78-1", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/melamine", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "equivalent level of concern (e.g. endocrine disruption)" ], "reasons": [ "Equivalent level of concern having probable serious effects to human health (Article 57(f) - human health)", "Equivalent level of concern having probable serious effects to the environment (Article 57(f) - environment)" ], "first_listed": "17-Jan-2023", "first_listed_iso": "2023-01-17", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "STOT RE 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "STOT RE 2", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "2", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H351", "H373" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000, "reported_name": "1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6-triamine", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <250,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "100,000,000 – <500,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "methylchloroisothiazolinone": { "slug": "methylchloroisothiazolinone", "name": "Methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI/CMIT)", "cas": "26172-55-4", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/methylchloroisothiazolinone", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0, "reported_name": "3(2H)-Isothiazolone, 5-chloro-2-methyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "50,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "50,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 125, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Czechia", "Estonia", "Finland", "France", "Germany", "Ireland", "Latvia", "Lithuania", "Portugal", "Slovakia", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/0426/15", "year": "2015", "week": "12", "date": "27/03/2015", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Make-up remover", "brand": "Gunry", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Ban on the marketing of the product and any accompanying measuresDate of entry into force: 06/02/2015", "evidence_phrase": "er null The product contains methylisothiazolinone (MI) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI). MI and MCI are sensitizing agents and may cause skin", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/0893/16", "year": "2016", "week": "29", "date": "22/07/2016", "notifying_country": "Portugal", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Sunscreen", "brand": "Aloha", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 09/06/2016", "evidence_phrase": "reen null The cream contains methylisothiazolinone (MI) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI). Dermal contact with MCI/MI-containing products can p", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1063/16", "year": "2016", "week": "34", "date": "26/08/2016", "notifying_country": "Finland", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Baby skincare wipes", "brand": "Baby tender", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Import rejected at borderDate of entry into force: 15/08/2016", "evidence_phrase": "es null The product contains methylisothiazolinone (MI) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI). Dermal contact with MCI/MI-containing products can p", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1088/16", "year": "2016", "week": "35", "date": "02/09/2016", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Deodorant", "brand": "NATURA AMICA", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 27/07/2016Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 28/07/2016Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Destruction of the productDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "nt null The product contains methylisothiazolinone (MI) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) above the permitted level. Dermal contact with MCI/MI", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1490/16", "year": "2016", "week": "46", "date": "18/11/2016", "notifying_country": "Latvia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Skin product", "brand": "Eveline Cosmetics", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/09/2016", "evidence_phrase": "ct null The peeling contains methylisothiazolinone (MI) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI) (measured concentration 0.2024% by weight). Dermal co", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1562/16", "year": "2016", "week": "48", "date": "02/12/2016", "notifying_country": "Latvia", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Day cream", "brand": "Eveline Cosmetics", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 12/09/2016", "evidence_phrase": "ream null The cream contains methylisothiazolinone (MI) and methylchloroisothiazolinone (MCI). Dermal contact with MCI/MI-containing products can p", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "methyleugenol": { "slug": "methyleugenol", "name": "Methyleugenol", "cas": "93-15-2", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/methyleugenol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "187,465", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 187465, "reported_name": "Benzene, 1,2-dimethoxy-4-(2-propen-1-yl)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "187,465", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 187465 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "231,944", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 231944 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "297,063", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 297063 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "377,855", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 377855 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 0.141, "facilities": 1, "states": 1, "reported_name": "Methyleugenol", "tri_carcinogen_flag": true, "tri_pfas_flag": false }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce", "releases" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "musk-ketone": { "slug": "musk-ketone", "name": "Musk Ketone", "cas": "81-14-1", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/musk-ketone", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H351", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "68,143", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 68143, "reported_name": "Ethanone, 1-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2,6-dimethyl-3,5-dinitrophenyl]-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "68,143", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 68143 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "53,263", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 53263 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "42,174", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 42174 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "50,983", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50983 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "nitrite": { "slug": "nitrite", "name": "Nitrite", "cas": "14797-65-0", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/nitrite", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Nitrite (measured as nitrogen)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.1, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 2000.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 13, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Estonia", "France", "Italy", "Lithuania", "United Kingdom" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "0848/06", "year": "2006", "week": "50", "date": "22/12/2006", "notifying_country": "Estonia", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Liquid incense", "brand": null, "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal from the market ordered by the authorityDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "t poses a chemical risk because it contains 95% of isobutyl nitrite which is classified as carcinogenic (category 2) and theref", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "1540/08", "year": "2008", "week": "52", "date": "09/01/2009", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Fluid incense - THE REAL POPPERS extra strong", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban, withdrawal from the market, destruction of the products and information to consumers ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "hemical risk because it contains more than 0.1% of isobutyl nitrite, which is classified as carcinogen and mutagen and therefor", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0469/09", "year": "2009", "week": "13", "date": "10/04/2009", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Cleanser for leather – \"JUNGLE JUICE PLATINUM\"", "brand": "Unknown", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and withdrawal from the market, recall from consumers and destruction of the products ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "because it contains 2.3% of chloroform and 5.2% of isobutyl nitrite which are classified as carcinogen (and mutagen). Both are", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0468/09", "year": "2009", "week": "13", "date": "10/04/2009", "notifying_country": "Lithuania", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Cleanser for leather - Amsterdam special", "brand": "Superhawk", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Sales ban and withdrawal from the market, recall from consumers and destruction of the products ordered by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "poses a chemical risk because it contains 64.7% of isobutyl nitrite which is classified as a carcinogen (and mutagen) and banne", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0520/10", "year": "2010", "week": "11", "date": "19/03/2010", "notifying_country": "Italy", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Room fragrances - Rush Liquid Incense", "brand": "Rush", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Seizure of the products by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "product poses a chemical risk because it contains isobutyl nitrite which is classified as a carcinogen cat. 2 (and mutagen cat", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "0503/10", "year": "2010", "week": "11", "date": "19/03/2010", "notifying_country": "United Kingdom", "product_category": "Chemical products", "product": "Room aromas", "brand": "Never fake it 1. Bolt Aroma, 2. Locker Room, 3. Quicksilver, 4. Hardware Aroma, 5. Ecstasy Pop, 6. Real Gold.", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: OtherCategory of measure(s): Seizure of the products by the authorities.Date of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "product poses a chemical risk because it contains isobutyl nitrite which is classified as a carcinogen cat. 2 (and mutagen cat", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "dose", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "nitrogen-dioxide": { "slug": "nitrogen-dioxide", "name": "Nitrogen dioxide", "cas": "10102-44-0", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/nitrogen-dioxide", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "Real if you cook with gas", "why": "Nitrogen dioxide is a respiratory irritant linked to childhood asthma, and the dominant indoor source is a gas stove — every gas burner puts it straight into the air, which then spreads through the home to the bedrooms. On an electric or induction kitchen, it's a non-issue.", "matters": "Vent the kitchen outside every time you cook on gas, and run the range hood. Induction removes the source entirely. This is a kitchen fix that shows up in the bedroom air.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Vent the kitchen / switch to induction", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Range-hood venting outdoors during cooking removes gas-combustion NO2; induction eliminates the source entirely.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Gas-combustion NO2 source; see the nitrogen-dioxide page", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/atlas/nitrogen-dioxide" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "120,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 120000, "reported_name": "Nitrogen oxide (NO2)", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "120,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 120000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "120,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 120000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "69,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 69000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "61,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 61000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "remediation", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "nnal": { "slug": "nnal", "name": "4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol", "cas": "76014-81-8", "family": "ths", "atlas_url": "/atlas/nnal", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol) (NNAL) in Non-smokers (2011 - 2014)", "matrix": "urine", "units": "pg/mL", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 14.5, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Combined dry/damp and wet cleaning of hard surfaces", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In homes with smoking bans, combined cleaning left surface nicotine 43% lower immediately and 53% lower three months on. Dust nicotine dropped 60% immediately, then returned to pre-cleaning levels within three months.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Matt GE et al. (2020). Remediating Thirdhand Smoke Pollution in Multiunit Housing: Temporary Reductions and the Challenges of Persistent Reservoirs. Nicotine & Tobacco Research.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa151" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "remediation" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "nnk": { "slug": "nnk", "name": "Nicotine-derived nitrosamine ketone", "cas": "64091-91-4", "family": "ths", "atlas_url": "/atlas/nnk", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1990, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Combined dry/damp and wet cleaning of hard surfaces", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "In homes with smoking bans, combined cleaning left surface nicotine 43% lower immediately and 53% lower three months on. Dust nicotine dropped 60% immediately, then returned to pre-cleaning levels within three months.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Matt GE et al. (2020). Remediating Thirdhand Smoke Pollution in Multiunit Housing: Temporary Reductions and the Challenges of Persistent Reservoirs. Nicotine & Tobacco Research.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa151" }, { "action": "Cleaning a mattress after wildfire smoke exposure", "effect": "unknown", "efficacy": "No published study has measured whether any cleaning method removes wildfire smoke residue from mattress foam. Not 'it does not work' — nobody has asked.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Embr Sleep — evidence gap identified 2026-07-25 across the landscape-fire and thirdhand-smoke remediation literature.", "source_url": null }, { "action": "Ozone generator ('shock treatment') for smoke odour", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "A commercial ozone generator run to 10,000 ppb for 156 minutes did NOT significantly reduce nicotine loading in smoke-contaminated carpet: the ozone reacted with the carpet fibres rather than the residue, and produced aldehydes and aerosol particles. A separate chamber study found formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone all higher immediately after ozonation, with ultrafine particles a major byproduct.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Tang X et al. (2023). Remediation of Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke with Ozone: Probing Deep Reservoirs in Carpets. Environmental Science & Technology.", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c01628" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "remediation" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "nnn": { "slug": "nnn", "name": "N-Nitrosonornicotine", "cas": "16543-55-8", "family": "ths", "atlas_url": "/atlas/nnn", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) in Non-smokers (2013 - 2014)", "matrix": "urine", "units": "pg/mL", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "oxybenzone": { "slug": "oxybenzone", "name": "Oxybenzone (Benzophenone-3)", "cas": "131-57-7", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/oxybenzone", "verdict": { "verdict": "complicated", "label": "Contested — but don't stop wearing sunscreen over it", "why": "Oxybenzone is a chemical UV filter that absorbs through skin and has raised hormone-disruption and coral-reef concerns, which is why several places have restricted it. But regulators still consider it safe as used, and the proven harm of skipping sun protection is far larger and better established than the theoretical harm of this ingredient.", "matters": "If you'd rather avoid it, switch to a mineral (zinc/titanium) sunscreen — but keep using sunscreen. Don't let a contested ingredient talk you out of the thing that prevents skin cancer.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Benzophenone-3 (2011 - 2016)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": 19.3, "p95": 930.0, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "oxybenzone (benzophenone-3 [BP-3])", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 99.8, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "2397", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "oxybenzone (benzophenone-3 [BP-3])", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/oxybenzone-in-people.html" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "<25,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0, "reported_name": "Methanone, (2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)phenyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "<25,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "25,000 – <50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "25,000 – <50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "<25,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "pbdes": { "slug": "pbdes", "name": "Polybrominated diphenyl ethers", "cas": "209 congeners", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pbdes", "verdict": { "verdict": "real", "label": "Real — but mostly an older-mattress problem", "why": "PBDEs are legacy flame retardants that were phased out and added to the Stockholm Convention because they're persistent, build up in the body, and disrupt thyroid and development. The catch: they're in older foam and the dust it sheds — a new mattress almost certainly doesn't contain them.", "matters": "If your mattress or upholstered furniture predates ~2015, control the dust (damp-dust and HEPA-vacuum) — that's where the exposure is. No need to panic-replace; the dust is the removable part.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Damp-dusting + HEPA vacuuming (weekly)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "A randomized housing intervention including dust mitigation was associated with ~23% lower urinary DEHP metabolites in young children (95% CI −38 to −3).", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Fossa et al. 2024, Environment International", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2024.108994" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 3, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/00501/21", "year": "2021", "week": "15", "date": "16/04/2021", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Kitchen/cooking accessories", "product": "Milk foamer", "brand": "Dollarstore", "risk_type": "Chemical, Environment", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ManufacturerCategory of measure(s): Destruction of the productDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "foamer The product contains an excessive amount of lead and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (measured values: up to 72.7 % and 0.947 % by weight", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/02743/23", "year": "2023", "week": "46", "date": "17/11/2023", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Electrical appliances and equipment", "product": "Optical mouse", "brand": "FURY", "risk_type": "Chemical, Environment", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 11/09/2023", "evidence_phrase": "Plastics in the product have an excessive concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) (measured value: 0.9 % by weight). Lead poses a risk", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "SR/03697/25", "year": "2025", "week": "43", "date": "24/10/2025", "notifying_country": "Sweden", "product_category": "Hand tools", "product": "Scale", "brand": "Ryom Digital", "risk_type": "Chemical, Environment", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "f the battery compartment has an excessive concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and decaBDE (measured values up to 0.,79 % and 0.72%", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "remediation", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "perchlorate": { "slug": "perchlorate", "name": "Perchlorate", "cas": "14797-73-0", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/perchlorate", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 1 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 1st cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 1, "period": "2001-2005", "systems_sampled": 3870, "systems_with_detection": 160, "detection_pct": 4.13, "max_ugL": 420.0, "min_reporting_level": 4.0, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 1 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 1, "period": "2001-2005", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 1 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 1st cycle", "analyte": "perchlorate", "systems_sampled": 3870, "systems_with_detection": 160, "detection_pct": 4.13, "max_ugL": 420.0, "median_detect_ugL": 7.095, "min_reporting_level": 4.0, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Perchlorate and Perchlorate Salts", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0007, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 14.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "pfpra": { "slug": "pfpra", "name": "Perfluoropropanoic acid (PFPrA)", "cas": "422-64-0", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pfpra", "verdict": { "verdict": "complicated", "label": "A monitoring blind spot", "why": "PFPrA is an ultrashort PFAS that travels with TFA and is often among the most abundant PFAS present in water, but it is excluded from EPA Methods 537.1/533, UCMR 5, and the EU sum-of-20 — so a clean routine panel does not rule it out. Its toxicology is sparse.", "matters": "A drinking-water exposure, not a bedroom one. Reverse osmosis is the only point-of-use filter shown to remove it meaningfully.", "tiers": [ "peer-reviewed", "regulatory" ], "source": "verdicts.json", "hazard": "Not classified; limited toxicology", "persistence": "Extremely persistent (ultrashort)", "evidence": "Emerging" }, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": { "year": "2024", "total_releases_kg": 2637.19, "facilities": 4, "states": 4, "reported_name": "Perfluoropropanoic acid (PFPrA)", "tri_carcinogen_flag": false, "tri_pfas_flag": true }, "ca": null, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "~Perfluoropropanoic acid (PFPrA)", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.0005, "oral_rfd_source": null, "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 9.8, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "releases", "dose" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "pm25": { "slug": "pm25", "name": "Fine particulate matter (PM2.5)", "cas": "—", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pm25", "verdict": { "verdict": "depends", "label": "Real — and the one a HEPA purifier genuinely fixes", "why": "Fine particles are the most health-costly air pollutant there is, linked to heart and lung disease. But in a bedroom the source isn't the mattress — it's cooking, candles, smoke, and wildfire haze drifting in. How much matters depends entirely on your local air and your habits.", "matters": "Unlike the gases, particles are exactly what a HEPA purifier removes — run one in the bedroom on smoky or high-pollution days. Vent cooking, skip the candles, and check your local air-quality index.", "tiers": [ "regulatory", "peer-reviewed" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "HEPA air purifier (in the bedroom)", "effect": "reduces", "efficacy": "Removes fine airborne particles (PM2.5) effectively; does NOT remove gases like formaldehyde or VOCs.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "Established HEPA particle-capture performance; see the PM2.5 page", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/atlas/pm25" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) Basic Data File, 2024 reporting year; Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Pollutant Release Inventory (NPRI), releases 1993-present", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program/tri-basic-data-files-calendar-years-1987-present", "units": "kilograms, normalised within each country only", "licence_attribution": "Contains information licensed under the Open Government Licence - Canada.", "us": null, "ca": { "years": "2002-2024", "total_releases_kg": 1262369543.005, "facilities": 23917, "provinces": 13, "reported_name": "PM2.5 - Particulate Matter <= 2.5 Micrometers", "teq_rows_excluded": 0 }, "in_both_countries": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Self-reported quantities released by industrial facilities, normalised to kilograms WITHIN each country only. US and Canadian totals are never summed: TRI and NPRI use different thresholds, substance lists and industry coverage. A release is not an exposure, and 'total releases' covers all media, not air alone.", "reporting_period": "EPA TRI 2024 (US); ECCC NPRI 1993-present (Canada)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "remediation", "releases" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "tbb": { "slug": "tbb", "name": "2-Ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate", "cas": "183658-27-7", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/tbb", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "2-ethyl-1-hexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.5, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "2459", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "2-ethyl-1-hexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/fact-sheets/chemicals-glance/tbb-tbph.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "2-ethyl-1-hexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 0.5, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "2459", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "2-ethyl-1-hexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/fact-sheets/chemicals-glance/tbb-tbph.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "<75,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0, "reported_name": "Benzoic acid, 2,3,4,5-tetrabromo-, 2-ethylhexyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "<75,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "tboep": { "slug": "tboep", "name": "Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate", "cas": "78-51-3", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/tboep", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bis-2(butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 19.4, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "2399", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bis-2(butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/fact-sheets/chemicals-glance/flame-retardants-group.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bis-2(butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 19.4, "detection_year": "2018–2019", "total_n": "2399", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bis-2(butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/chemical-substances/fact-sheets/chemicals-glance/flame-retardants-group.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000, "reported_name": "Ethanol, 2-butoxy-, 1,1',1''-phosphate", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "2,500,000 – <4,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 2500000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "5,000,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "5,000,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "teda": { "slug": "teda", "name": "Triethylenediamine (DABCO)", "cas": "280-57-9", "family": "acryl", "atlas_url": "/atlas/teda", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000, "reported_name": "1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "850,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 850000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 21, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "Denmark", "Sweden" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/1625/18", "year": "2018", "week": "44", "date": "02/11/2018", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Squeezable toy", "brand": "Liniex APS", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 20/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 20/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 21/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 21/06/2018", "evidence_phrase": "imethylformamide, N,N-dimethyl-aminoethanol, cyclohexanone, triethylenediamine, bis (2- (dimethylamino) ethyl) ether and 1,1,4,7,7-pentame", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1626/18", "year": "2018", "week": "44", "date": "02/11/2018", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Squeezable toy", "brand": "Liniex APS", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 19/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 19/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 21/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ExporterCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 21/06/2018", "evidence_phrase": "imethylformamide, N,N-dimethyl-aminoethanol, cyclohexanone, triethylenediamine, bis (2- (dimethylamino) ethyl) ether and 1,1,4,7,7-pentame", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1634/18", "year": "2018", "week": "44", "date": "02/11/2018", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Squeezable toy", "brand": "Amigazone", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): The product listing has been removed from the online marketplaceDate of entry into force: 22/08/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 22/08/2018", "evidence_phrase": "t contains the substances dimethylformamide, cyclohexanone, triethylenediamine and 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine as well as xyl", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1635/18", "year": "2018", "week": "44", "date": "02/11/2018", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Squeezable toy", "brand": "Dingxu's store", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): The product listing has been removed from the online marketplaceDate of entry into force: 22/08/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 22/08/2018", "evidence_phrase": "thylformamide, N,N-dimethyl-aminoethanol, cyclohexanone and triethylenediamine. There is a risk of eye and mucous membrane irritation and", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1636/18", "year": "2018", "week": "44", "date": "02/11/2018", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Squeezable toy", "brand": "Good Buy Mall", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): The product listing has been removed from the online marketplaceDate of entry into force: 22/08/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): OtherCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 22/08/2018", "evidence_phrase": "thylformamide, N,N-dimethyl-aminoethanol, cyclohexanone and triethylenediamine. There is a risk of eye and mucous membrane irritation and", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false }, { "alert_number": "A12/1627/18", "year": "2018", "week": "44", "date": "02/11/2018", "notifying_country": "Denmark", "product_category": "Toys", "product": "Squeezable toy", "brand": "Hui Chen", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 20/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): DistributorCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 20/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: 20/06/2018Type of economic operator taking notified measure(s): ImporterCategory of measure(s): Recall of the product from end usersDate of entry into force: 20/06/2018", "evidence_phrase": "ntains the substances N,N-dimethylformamide, cyclohexanone, triethylenediamine, 1,1,4,7,7-pentamethyl-diethylenetriamine and xylenes. Ther", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "commerce", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "tfa": { "slug": "tfa", "name": "Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)", "cas": "76-05-1", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/tfa", "verdict": { "verdict": "complicated", "label": "Real, everywhere, barely measured", "why": "TFA is the shortest 'forever chemical' and is frequently the single most abundant PFAS in tap water, yet it is unregulated, excluded from the EU sum-of-20, and invisible to standard EPA methods. Its health effects at real-world doses are poorly characterized.", "matters": "It reaches you through drinking water and food, not your mattress. Only reverse osmosis removes it; ordinary carbon filters and boiling do not.", "tiers": [ "peer-reviewed", "regulatory" ], "source": "verdicts.json", "hazard": "Not classified; emerging concern", "persistence": "Extremely persistent (ultrashort)", "evidence": "Emerging" }, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Skin Corr. 1A", "Aquatic Chronic 3" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Corr. 1A", "class": "Skin Corr.", "category": "1A", "plain": "skin corrosion" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 3", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "3", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H314", "H332", "H412" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000, "reported_name": "Acetic acid, 2,2,2-trifluoro-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <8,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory", "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "triclocarban": { "slug": "triclocarban", "name": "Triclocarban", "cas": "101-20-2", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/triclocarban", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Triclocarban (2013 - 2016)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "15-16", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 11.5, "detection_pct": null, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "triclocarban", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 4.8, "detection_year": "2009–2011", "total_n": "2549", "cycles": "1", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "triclocarban", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/second-report-human-biomonitoring-environmental-chemicals-canada-health-canada-2013.html#a11.2" } }, "us_ca_comparable": false, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "eu": { "dataset": "EU Safety Gate (RAPEX), European Commission rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products", "source_url": "https://ec.europa.eu/safety-gate-alerts/", "alert_count": 1, "sleep_related_alerts": 0, "countries": [ "France" ], "alerts": [ { "alert_number": "A12/1780/18", "year": "2018", "week": "48", "date": "30/11/2018", "notifying_country": "France", "product_category": "Cosmetics", "product": "Antiseptic soap", "brand": "Zakuro", "risk_type": "Chemical", "measures": "Type of economic operator to whom the measure(s) were ordered: RetailerCategory of measure(s): Withdrawal of the product from the marketDate of entry into force: Unknown", "evidence_phrase": "Antiseptic soap The product contains too much triclocarban as a preservative (measured value: 1.3% in weight) and 4-ch", "match_basis": "named in an alert the source itself classifies as a chemical risk", "sleep_related": false } ], "match_basis": "compound read out of free-text risk prose; Safety Gate carries no CAS numbers" }, "jurisdictions": [ "eu" ], "means": "a regulator judged a SPECIFIC PRODUCT dangerous and acted. It is not a statement about the substance in general, and counts track enforcement attention and reporting habits as much as prevalence — a rising count is not a rising hazard.", "provenance": { "statistic": "Counts of regulator actions against SPECIFIC PRODUCTS — US CPSC recalls and EU Safety Gate alerts. Evidence that something was done, not a property of the substance. Neither source carries CAS numbers, so the compound link is read out of free-text prose and every record keeps the wording it was read from. Counts track enforcement attention and national reporting habits as much as prevalence.", "reporting_period": "CPSC 2015-present (US); Safety Gate as exported (EU)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "spokes": [ "body", "enforcement" ], "spoke_count": 2 }, "11cl-pf3ouds": { "slug": "11cl-pf3ouds", "name": "8:2 Cl-PFESA (F-53B, minor)", "cas": "763051-92-9", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/11cl-pf3ouds", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 0, "detection_pct": 0.0, "max_ugL": null, "min_reporting_level": 0.005, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": true, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 5 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "11-chloroeicosafluoro-3-oxaundecane-1-sulfonic acid (F-53B minor)", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 0, "detection_pct": 0.0, "max_ugL": null, "median_detect_ugL": null, "min_reporting_level": 0.005, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": true, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "8-2-ftoh": { "slug": "8-2-ftoh", "name": "8:2 Fluorotelomer alcohol", "cas": "678-39-7", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/8-2-ftoh", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Avoid stain-/water-proofed textiles and grease-proof packaging", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Cuts a real PFAS input route — treated carpets, upholstery, 'stain-resistant' fabrics and fast-food wrappers shed PFAS into dust and food.", "tier": "inferred", "source": "PFAS source-reduction rationale; see the PFAS pages", "source_url": "https://embrsleep.com/pfas-tap-water" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "remediation" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "8-2-fts": { "slug": "8-2-fts", "name": "8:2 Fluorotelomer sulfonic acid", "cas": "39108-34-4", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/8-2-fts", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 10, "detection_pct": 0.1, "max_ugL": 0.0419, "min_reporting_level": 0.005, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 5 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "8:2 fluorotelomer sulfonic acid", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 10, "detection_pct": 0.1, "max_ugL": 0.0419, "median_detect_ugL": 0.0088, "min_reporting_level": 0.005, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "9cl-pf3ons": { "slug": "9cl-pf3ons", "name": "6:2 Cl-PFESA (F-53B, major)", "cas": "756426-58-1", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/9cl-pf3ons", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 1, "detection_pct": 0.01, "max_ugL": 0.0034, "min_reporting_level": 0.002, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 5 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "9-chlorohexadecafluoro-3-oxanonane-1-sulfonic acid (F-53B major)", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 1, "detection_pct": 0.01, "max_ugL": 0.0034, "median_detect_ugL": 0.0034, "min_reporting_level": 0.002, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "adona": { "slug": "adona", "name": "4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid (ADONA)", "cas": "919005-14-4", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/adona", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 3, "detection_pct": 0.03, "max_ugL": 0.0081, "min_reporting_level": 0.003, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 5 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 5, "period": "2023-2025", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 5 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 5th cycle", "analyte": "4,8-dioxa-3H-perfluorononanoic acid (ADONA)", "systems_sampled": 10289, "systems_with_detection": 3, "detection_pct": 0.03, "max_ugL": 0.0081, "median_detect_ugL": 0.0034, "min_reporting_level": 0.003, "reporting_level_units": "µg/L", "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "ahtn": { "slug": "ahtn", "name": "Tonalide (AHTN)", "cas": "1506-02-1", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/ahtn", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0, "reported_name": "Ethanone, 1-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3,5,5,6,8,8-hexamethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "50,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 50000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "<50,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "aluminum-chlorohydrate": { "slug": "aluminum-chlorohydrate", "name": "Aluminum chlorohydrate & aluminum-zirconium salts", "cas": "12042-91-0", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/aluminum-chlorohydrate", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000, "reported_name": "Aluminum chloride hydroxide (Al2Cl(OH)5)", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "400,000,000 – <550,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 400000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "250,000,000 – <400,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "avobenzone": { "slug": "avobenzone", "name": "Avobenzone", "cas": "70356-09-1", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/avobenzone", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "8,266,694", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8266694, "reported_name": "1,3-Propanedione, 1-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "8,266,694", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8266694 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "bdmaee": { "slug": "bdmaee", "name": "Bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) ether", "cas": "3033-62-3", "family": "acryl", "atlas_url": "/atlas/bdmaee", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "4,000,000 – <5,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000, "reported_name": "Ethanamine, 2,2'-oxybis[N,N-dimethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "4,000,000 – <5,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "4,000,000 – <5,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "5,500,000 – <7,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5500000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "5,500,000 – <7,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5500000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "bpf": { "slug": "bpf", "name": "Bisphenol F", "cas": "620-92-8", "family": "bis", "atlas_url": "/atlas/bpf", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bisphenol F (BPF)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 84.9, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "11089", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bisphenol F (BPF)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/bisphenol-analogues-in-people.html" }, "ca": { "dataset": "Statistics Canada / Health Canada, Canadian Health Measures Survey (CHMS) human biomonitoring of environmental chemicals", "source_url": "https://open.canada.ca/data/en/dataset/8cc88229-8132-4ccd-a3dd-b456579158c6", "country": "CA", "analyte": "bisphenol F (BPF)", "matrix": null, "units": null, "cycle": null, "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "is_metabolite_of_parent": null, "current": { "detection_pct": 84.9, "detection_year": "2023–2024", "total_n": "11089", "cycles": "4", "years": "2007–2024", "biomarker": "bisphenol F (BPF)", "matched_on": "cas", "info_url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/environmental-workplace-health/reports-publications/environmental-contaminants/human-biomonitoring-resources/bisphenol-analogues-in-people.html" } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "carboplatin": { "slug": "carboplatin", "name": "Carboplatin", "cas": "41575-94-4", "family": "chemo", "atlas_url": "/atlas/carboplatin", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1990, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "chloramine": { "slug": "chloramine", "name": "Chloramine", "cas": "10599-90-3", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/chloramine", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": { "dataset": "US EPA, Regional Screening Levels (RSL) Summary Table — consolidated toxicity values from IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA and OPP", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/risk/regional-screening-levels-rsls-generic-tables", "reported_name": "Monochloramine", "inhalation_rfc_mg_m3": null, "inhalation_rfc_source": null, "resident_air_screening_ug_m3": null, "resident_air_basis": null, "oral_rfd_mg_kg_day": 0.1, "oral_rfd_source": "EPA IRIS", "tap_water_screening_ug_l": 2000.0, "has_inhalation_value": false, "sleep_environment_measurement": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Published health-based reference values and residential screening concentrations, each keeping the agency it came from. A screening level is a concentration at which EPA would look further -- not a boundary between safe and harmful, and not a cleanup standard. Cancer-based and non-cancer-based values rest on different bases and are never comparable. This spoke says what the benchmark IS; it does not say what is in anyone's bedroom.", "reporting_period": "EPA RSL Summary Table (consolidating IRIS, PPRTV, ATSDR, Cal EPA, OPP)", "scored_at": "2026-07-22", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "dose" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "chlordecone": { "slug": "chlordecone", "name": "Chlordecone (Kepone)", "cas": "143-50-0", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/chlordecone", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 2", "Acute Tox. 3 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 3 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "3 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H301", "H311", "H351", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Chlordecone", "cas": "143-50-0", "ec_number": "205-601-3", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "None", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": null, "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "cisplatin": { "slug": "cisplatin", "name": "Cisplatin", "cas": "15663-27-1", "family": "chemo", "atlas_url": "/atlas/cisplatin", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1988, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "cyclophosphamide": { "slug": "cyclophosphamide", "name": "Cyclophosphamide", "cas": "50-18-0", "family": "chemo", "atlas_url": "/atlas/cyclophosphamide", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1987, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "cypermethrin": { "slug": "cypermethrin", "name": "Cypermethrin", "cas": "52315-07-8", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/cypermethrin", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 4", "STOT SE 3", "STOT RE 2", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Skin Sens. 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 4", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "STOT SE 3", "class": "STOT SE", "category": "3", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — single exposure" }, { "code": "STOT RE 2", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "2", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H315", "H317", "H332", "H335", "H373", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "dehydroabietic-acid": { "slug": "dehydroabietic-acid", "name": "Dehydroabietic acid", "cas": "1740-19-8", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dehydroabietic-acid", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000, "reported_name": "1-Phenanthrenecarboxylic acid, 1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1,4a-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethyl)-, (1R,4aS,10aR)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "dha-self-tanner": { "slug": "dha-self-tanner", "name": "Dihydroxyacetone (DHA, self-tanner)", "cas": "96-26-4", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dha-self-tanner", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "20,338", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 20338, "reported_name": "2-Propanone, 1,3-dihydroxy-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "20,338", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 20338 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "253,531", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 253531 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "204,479", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 204479 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "74,241", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 74241 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "diazolidinyl-urea": { "slug": "diazolidinyl-urea", "name": "Diazolidinyl urea", "cas": "78491-02-8", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/diazolidinyl-urea", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "250,000 – <550,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000, "reported_name": "Urea, N-[1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dioxo-4-imidazolidinyl]-N,N'-bis(hydroxymethyl)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <550,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "550,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "550,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "250,000 – <550,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 250000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "dicofol": { "slug": "dicofol", "name": "Dicofol", "cas": "115-32-2", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dicofol", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Skin Sens. 1", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H302", "H312", "H315", "H317", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Dicofol", "cas": "115-32-2", "ec_number": "204-082-0", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "None", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "Annex prints 'None' in the exemption column", "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "disperse-blue-1": { "slug": "disperse-blue-1", "name": "Disperse Blue 1", "cas": "2475-45-8", "family": "dye", "atlas_url": "/atlas/disperse-blue-1", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer" ], "date_listed": 1990, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Carc. 1B", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Eye Dam. 1", "Skin Sens. 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Carc. 1B", "class": "Carc.", "category": "1B", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Eye Dam. 1", "class": "Eye Dam.", "category": "1", "plain": "serious eye damage" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H315", "H317", "H318", "H350" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "1B", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": true }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "dmdheu": { "slug": "dmdheu", "name": "DMDHEU (durable-press resin)", "cas": "1854-26-8", "family": "dye", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dmdheu", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "500,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 500000, "reported_name": "2-Imidazolidinone, 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "500,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 500000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "500,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 500000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "75,000 – <500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 75000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "500,000 – <1,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 500000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "dmdm-hydantoin": { "slug": "dmdm-hydantoin", "name": "DMDM Hydantoin", "cas": "6440-58-0", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/dmdm-hydantoin", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,275,131", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1275131, "reported_name": "2,4-Imidazolidinedione, 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,275,131", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1275131 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "3,043,011", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 3043011 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "4,514,565", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 4514565 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "5,849,169", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5849169 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "ehdpp": { "slug": "ehdpp", "name": "2-Ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPP)", "cas": "1241-94-7", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/ehdpp", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000, "reported_name": "Phosphoric acid, 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "endosulfan": { "slug": "endosulfan", "name": "Endosulfan", "cas": "115-29-7", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/endosulfan", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Acute Tox. 2 *", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Acute Tox. 2 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "2 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H300", "H312", "H330", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Endosulfan", "cas": "115-29-7", "ec_number": "204-079-4", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Placing on the market and use of articles already in use before or on 10 July 2012 containing endosulfan shall be allowed.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "Annex also lists CAS 959-98-8, 33213-65-9", "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "etoposide": { "slug": "etoposide", "name": "Etoposide", "cas": "33419-42-0", "family": "chemo", "atlas_url": "/atlas/etoposide", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "cancer", "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1990, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "geranyl-acetone": { "slug": "geranyl-acetone", "name": "Geranyl Acetone", "cas": "3796-70-1", "family": "skin", "atlas_url": "/atlas/geranyl-acetone", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Geranyl acetone (or (E)-6,10-Dimethylundeca-5,9-dien-2-one)", "source_categories": [ "cigarette_smoke" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": true, "in_wildfire": false, "detail": { "cigarette_smoke": { "label": "Cigarette smoke", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 1, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "1998" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.044214, "weight_percent_median": 0.044214, "weight_percent_max": 0.044214, "measurements": 1 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "smoke" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "haloacetic-acids": { "slug": "haloacetic-acids", "name": "Haloacetic acids (HAA5)", "cas": "—", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/haloacetic-acids", "verdict": null, "environment": { "dataset": "EPA UCMR 4 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 4th cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/dwucmr/occurrence-data-unregulated-contaminant-monitoring-rule", "cycle": 4, "period": "2018-2020", "systems_sampled": 4924, "systems_with_detection": 4924, "detection_pct": 100.0, "max_ugL": 464.947, "min_reporting_level": null, "reporting_level_units": null, "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null, "cycles_measured": [ 4 ], "cycles": [ { "cycle": 4, "period": "2018-2020", "dataset": "EPA UCMR 4 — Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule, 4th cycle", "analyte": "HAA5", "systems_sampled": 4924, "systems_with_detection": 4924, "detection_pct": 100.0, "max_ugL": 464.947, "median_detect_ugL": 20.53, "min_reporting_level": null, "reporting_level_units": null, "detection_limited": false, "epa_mcl_ugL": null, "systems_above_mcl": null } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Highest single finished-water result across all sampled public water systems, by analyte. The headline is the most recent UCMR cycle that sampled the compound; every cycle that measured it is kept under 'cycles' with its own reporting level, because a zero detection is a statement about the method, not about the water.", "reporting_period": "2001–2025 (EPA UCMR cycles 1–5)", "scored_at": "2026-08-03", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "environment" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "hbcd": { "slug": "hbcd", "name": "Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD)", "cas": "25637-99-4", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/hbcd", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_authorisation": { "dataset": "ECHA, Authorisation List (REACH Annex XIV)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/authorisation-list", "on_authorisation_list": true, "earliest_sunset": "21-Aug-2015", "earliest_sunset_iso": "2015-08-21", "sunset_in_force": true, "entries": [ { "entry_no": "03", "substance_name": "Hexabromocyclododecane", "cas": "25637-99-4", "latest_application_date": "21-Feb-2014", "sunset_date": "21-Aug-2015", "sunset_date_iso": "2015-08-21", "sunset_passed": true, "intrinsic_property": [ "PBT (Article 57d)" ] } ], "means": "After the sunset date the substance may not be used or placed on the EU market unless a specific authorisation has been granted for that use." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic (PBT)" ], "reasons": [ "PBT (Article 57d)" ], "first_listed": "28-Oct-2008", "first_listed_iso": "2008-10-28", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Hexabromocyclododecane", "cas": "25637-99-4", "ec_number": "247-148-4", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Art. 4(1), point (b) applies to concentrations of hexabromocyclododecane at or below 75 mg/kg (0,0075 % by weight).", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "Annex lists 25637-99-4, 3194-55-6, 134237-50-6, 134237-51-7, 134237-52-8", "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "heptabromodiphenyl-ether": { "slug": "heptabromodiphenyl-ether", "name": "Heptabromodiphenyl ether", "cas": "68928-80-3", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/heptabromodiphenyl-ether", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Heptabromodiphenyl ether", "cas": "68928-80-3", "ec_number": "273-031-2", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Art. 4(1)(b) applies at or below 10 mg/kg (0,001 % by weight) in substances; derogations for EEE and for articles already in use.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "'and others' in both CAS and EC columns", "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "hexabromodiphenyl-ether": { "slug": "hexabromodiphenyl-ether", "name": "Hexabromodiphenyl ether (hexaBDE)", "cas": "36483-60-0", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/hexabromodiphenyl-ether", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Hexabromodiphenyl ether", "cas": "36483-60-0", "ec_number": "253-058-6", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Art. 4(1)(b) applies at or below 10 mg/kg (0,001 % by weight) in substances; derogations for EEE and for articles already in use.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "'and others' in both CAS and EC columns", "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "homosalate": { "slug": "homosalate", "name": "Homosalate", "cas": "118-56-9", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/homosalate", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "234,569", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 234569, "reported_name": "Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "234,569", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 234569 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "0", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 0 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "ifosfamide": { "slug": "ifosfamide", "name": "Ifosfamide", "cas": "3778-73-2", "family": "chemo", "atlas_url": "/atlas/ifosfamide", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": "California OEHHA Proposition 65 List (Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act of 1986)", "source_url": "https://oehha.ca.gov/proposition-65/proposition-65-list", "list_version": "2025-12-05", "prop65_listed": true, "endpoints": [ "reproductive" ], "date_listed": 1990, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "iptpp": { "slug": "iptpp", "name": "Isopropylated triphenyl phosphate", "cas": "68937-41-7", "family": "flame", "atlas_url": "/atlas/iptpp", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000, "reported_name": "Phenol, isopropylated, phosphate (3:1)", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <5,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "100,000 – <250,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 100000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "levoglucosan": { "slug": "levoglucosan", "name": "1,6-Anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose", "cas": "498-07-7", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/levoglucosan", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": { "dataset": "US EPA, SPECIATE 5.4 — the EPA repository of source-emission composition profiles (air toxics, criteria and greenhouse pollutants)", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-modeling/speciate", "units": "weight percent of the profile's master pollutant mass", "reported_name": "Levoglucosan", "source_categories": [ "wildfire" ], "in_cigarette_smoke": false, "in_wildfire": true, "detail": { "wildfire": { "label": "Wildfire", "by_basis": { "TOG": { "profiles": 18, "draft_profiles": 0, "test_years": [ "2016" ], "weight_percent_min": 0.116248, "weight_percent_median": 0.304069, "weight_percent_max": 1.281043, "measurements": 18 } } } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Share of the mass a combustion source EMITS, as weight percent, keyed by the profile's master pollutant (PM / TOG / VOC) because those denominators are not comparable. This is COMPOSITION, not concentration and not exposure -- it says what comes off a source, never what anyone breathes. Presence in a profile does not mean presence in any home.", "reporting_period": "EPA SPECIATE 5.4 (profiles span several decades; TEST_YEAR often absent)", "scored_at": "2026-07-21", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "smoke" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "mehp": { "slug": "mehp", "name": "Mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate", "cas": "4376-20-9", "family": "phth", "atlas_url": "/atlas/mehp", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Urinary Mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) (2011 - 2018)†", "matrix": "urine", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "17-18", "geo_mean": null, "p95": 5.0, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "methoxychlor": { "slug": "methoxychlor", "name": "Methoxychlor", "cas": "72-43-5", "family": "pest", "atlas_url": "/atlas/methoxychlor", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Methoxychlor", "cas": "72-43-5", "ec_number": "200-779-9", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Art. 4(1), point (b) applies to concentrations of methoxychlor at or below 0,01 mg/kg (0,000001 % by weight).", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "Annex lists 7 CAS numbers 'and others'; primary CAS recorded", "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "microcystin": { "slug": "microcystin", "name": "Microcystin", "cas": "101043-37-2", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/microcystin", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Boiling the water", "effect": "worsens", "efficacy": "Does NOT remove PFAS, nitrate, or algal toxins — and CONCENTRATES them as water evaporates.", "tier": "regulatory", "source": "US EPA PFAS guidance", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/and-polyfluoroalkyl-substances-pfas" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "remediation" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "musk-xylene": { "slug": "musk-xylene", "name": "Musk Xylene", "cas": "81-15-2", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/musk-xylene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_authorisation": { "dataset": "ECHA, Authorisation List (REACH Annex XIV)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/authorisation-list", "on_authorisation_list": true, "earliest_sunset": "21-Aug-2014", "earliest_sunset_iso": "2014-08-21", "sunset_in_force": true, "entries": [ { "entry_no": "01", "substance_name": "5-tert-butyl-2,4,6-trinitro-m-xylene (Musk xylene)", "cas": "81-15-2", "latest_application_date": "21-Feb-2013", "sunset_date": "21-Aug-2014", "sunset_date_iso": "2014-08-21", "sunset_passed": true, "intrinsic_property": [ "vPvB (Article 57e)" ] } ], "means": "After the sunset date the substance may not be used or placed on the EU market unless a specific authorisation has been granted for that use." }, "eu_svhc": { "dataset": "ECHA, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation (REACH Article 59(10))", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/candidate-list-table", "jurisdiction": "EU", "svhc_listed": true, "grounds_plain": [ "very persistent and very bioaccumulative (vPvB)" ], "reasons": [ "vPvB (Article 57e)" ], "first_listed": "28-Oct-2008", "first_listed_iso": "2008-10-28", "means": "identified as a substance of very high concern; triggers REACH notification and Article 33 supply-chain communication above 0.1% w/w. NOT a ban." }, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Expl. 1.1", "Carc. 2", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Expl. 1.1", "class": "Expl.", "category": "1.1", "plain": "explosive" }, { "code": "Carc. 2", "class": "Carc.", "category": "2", "plain": "carcinogenicity" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H201", "H351", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": "2", "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "octinoxate": { "slug": "octinoxate", "name": "Octinoxate (Octyl methoxycinnamate)", "cas": "5466-77-3", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/octinoxate", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "8,269,659", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8269659, "reported_name": "2-Propenoic acid, 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-, 2-ethylhexyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "8,269,659", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8269659 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "8,584,563", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8584563 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "8,797,882", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8797882 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "9,338,640", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 9338640 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "octisalate": { "slug": "octisalate", "name": "Octisalate (Octyl salicylate)", "cas": "118-60-5", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/octisalate", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "37,038", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 37038, "reported_name": "Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, 2-ethylhexyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "37,038", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 37038 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "52,911", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 52911 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "63,660", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 63660 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "40,124", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 40124 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "octocrylene": { "slug": "octocrylene", "name": "Octocrylene", "cas": "6197-30-4", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/octocrylene", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "550,000 – <700,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000, "reported_name": "2-Propenoic acid, 2-cyano-3,3-diphenyl-, 2-ethylhexyl ester", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "550,000 – <700,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "550,000 – <700,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 550000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "1,000,000 – <2,500,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 1000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "otne": { "slug": "otne", "name": "OTNE (Iso E Super)", "cas": "54464-57-2", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/otne", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000, "reported_name": "Ethanone, 1-(1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-2,3,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthalenyl)-", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "25,000,000 – <40,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 25000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "pcbs": { "slug": "pcbs", "name": "Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)", "cas": "1336-36-3", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pcbs", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "STOT RE 2 *", "Aquatic Acute 1", "Aquatic Chronic 1" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "STOT RE 2 *", "class": "STOT RE", "category": "2 *", "plain": "specific target organ toxicity — repeated exposure" }, { "code": "Aquatic Acute 1", "class": "Aquatic Acute", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — acute" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 1", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "1", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H373", "H400", "H410" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": null, "is_cmr": false, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB)", "cas": "1336-36-3", "ec_number": "215-648-1", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Without prejudice to Directive 96/59/EC, articles already in use at the time of entry into force of this Regulation are allowed to be used.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "'and others' in CAS column", "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "pfosa": { "slug": "pfosa", "name": "Perfluorooctanesulfonamide", "cas": "754-91-6", "family": "pfas", "atlas_url": "/atlas/pfosa", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": { "dataset": "CDC, National Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals (NHANES biomonitoring)", "source_url": "https://www.cdc.gov/environmental-exposure-report/", "country": "US", "analyte": "Serum Perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) (Special Sample of Serum PFAS in Children, 2013-2014)", "matrix": "serum", "units": "µg/L", "cycle": "13-14", "geo_mean": null, "p95": null, "detection_pct": null, "provenance": { "statistic": "Population geometric mean and 95th-percentile concentration in the stated matrix. Two national surveys: US NHANES at the top level, Canada's CHMS nested under 'ca' when measured.", "reporting_period": "see each record's 'cycle' field (NHANES / CHMS)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "body" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "polychlorinated-naphthalenes": { "slug": "polychlorinated-naphthalenes", "name": "Polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs)", "cas": "70776-03-3", "family": "env", "atlas_url": "/atlas/polychlorinated-naphthalenes", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "Polychlorinated naphthalenes", "cas": "70776-03-3", "ec_number": "274-864-4", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Placing on the market and use of articles already in use before or on 10 July 2012 containing polychlorinated naphthalenes shall be allowed.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": "'and others' in both CAS and EC columns", "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "quaternium-15": { "slug": "quaternium-15", "name": "Quaternium-15", "cas": "51229-78-8", "family": "care", "atlas_url": "/atlas/quaternium-15", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_clh": { "dataset": "EU harmonised classification and labelling (CLH), Table 3 of Annex VI to Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 (CLP)", "source_url": "https://echa.europa.eu/information-on-chemicals/annex-vi-to-clp", "jurisdiction": "EU", "clh_listed": true, "hazard_codes": [ "Flam. Sol. 2", "Repr. 2", "Acute Tox. 4 *", "Skin Irrit. 2", "Skin Sens. 1", "Aquatic Chronic 2" ], "hazard_classes": [ { "code": "Flam. Sol. 2", "class": "Flam. Sol.", "category": "2", "plain": "flammable solid" }, { "code": "Repr. 2", "class": "Repr.", "category": "2", "plain": "reproductive toxicity" }, { "code": "Acute Tox. 4 *", "class": "Acute Tox.", "category": "4 *", "plain": "acute toxicity" }, { "code": "Skin Irrit. 2", "class": "Skin Irrit.", "category": "2", "plain": "skin irritation" }, { "code": "Skin Sens. 1", "class": "Skin Sens.", "category": "1", "plain": "skin sensitisation" }, { "code": "Aquatic Chronic 2", "class": "Aquatic Chronic", "category": "2", "plain": "hazardous to the aquatic environment — chronic" } ], "hazard_statements": [ "H228", "H302", "H315", "H317", "H361d", "H411" ], "cmr": { "carcinogen": null, "mutagen": null, "reprotoxicant": "2", "is_cmr": true, "cmr_1a_1b": false }, "means": "a legally binding EU-wide classification of the substance's intrinsic hazard. NOT a ban, and NOT a measurement of anything present in a product. Absence from Annex VI is NOT absence of hazard — most substances are self-classified and never appear here." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "stannous-octoate": { "slug": "stannous-octoate", "name": "Stannous octoate (tin foam catalyst)", "cas": "301-10-0", "family": "acryl", "atlas_url": "/atlas/stannous-octoate", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": { "dataset": "US EPA, Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) Chemical Data Reporting — nationally aggregated production volumes, 2024 reporting cycle", "source_url": "https://www.epa.gov/chemical-data-reporting/access-cdr-data", "units": "pounds", "year": "2023", "pv_band": "5,500,000 – <7,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5500000, "reported_name": "Hexanoic acid, 2-ethyl-, tin(2+) salt (2:1)", "history": { "2023": { "pv_band": "5,500,000 – <7,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 5500000 }, "2022": { "pv_band": "8,500,000 – <10,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 8500000 }, "2021": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 }, "2020": { "pv_band": "10,000,000 – <25,000,000", "pv_lower_bound_lb": 10000000 } }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Nationally aggregated US production volume, reported as a BAND in pounds (never a point value). Describes what entered commerce, not exposure.", "reporting_period": "2020-2023 (EPA TSCA CDR, 2024 reporting cycle)", "scored_at": "2026-07-19", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "commerce" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "trihalomethanes": { "slug": "trihalomethanes", "name": "Trihalomethanes (TTHM)", "cas": "—", "family": "voc", "atlas_url": "/atlas/trihalomethanes", "verdict": { "verdict": "complicated", "label": "It's complicated — a real tradeoff", "why": "These form when chlorine disinfects your water — and here's the honest tension: the disinfection that creates them is also what keeps your water free of the pathogens that used to kill people. They're regulated, and for most people sit within limits.", "matters": "a carbon filter reduces them if you want — but do not fear-drop disinfection. The cure is worse than the tradeoff.", "tiers": [ "peer-reviewed", "regulatory" ], "source": "verdicts.json" }, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": null, "remediation": { "dataset": "Embr curated intervention data (data/interventions.json), joined to the Atlas", "interventions": [ { "action": "Certified granular activated carbon (GAC) filter", "effect": "partial", "efficacy": "Good for long-chain PFAS (PFOA/PFOS) and for disinfection byproducts and VOCs — but short-chain PFAS break through quickly.", "tier": "peer-reviewed", "source": "Gagliano et al. 2019, Water Research", "source_url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.115381" } ], "provenance": { "statistic": "Curated, evidence-tiered interventions and reported efficacy.", "reporting_period": "curated (not time-series)", "scored_at": "2026-07-25", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "remediation" ], "spoke_count": 1 }, "uv-328": { "slug": "uv-328", "name": "UV-328 (2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol)", "cas": "25973-55-1", "family": "dye", "atlas_url": "/atlas/uv-328", "verdict": null, "environment": null, "body": null, "regulatory": { "dataset": null, "source_url": null, "prop65_listed": false, "endpoints": [], "date_listed": null, "eu_pops": { "dataset": "Regulation (EU) 2019/1021 on persistent organic pollutants, implementing the Stockholm Convention", "source_url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32019R1021", "jurisdiction": "EU", "pops_listed": true, "annexes": [ "I" ], "prohibited": true, "has_exemptions": true, "entries": [ { "substance_name": "2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol (UV-328)", "cas": "25973-55-1", "ec_number": "247-384-8", "annex": "I", "part": "A", "status": "prohibited — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the specific exemptions recorded in the entry", "prohibited": true, "listed_under": "Stockholm Convention", "exemptions": "Art. 4(1), point (b) applies to concentrations of UV-328 at or below 100 mg/kg (0,01 % by weight) and further stated limits.", "entry_reference": "Reg (EU) 2019/1021 Annex I Part A (consolidated text 02019R1021-20260101)", "notes": null, "matched_on": "cas" } ], "means": "Annex I is a PROHIBITION — manufacture, placing on the market and use are banned, subject to the entry's own exemptions. Annex II restricts; Annex III concerns release reduction. Unlike SVHC listing, this one really is a ban, and should be described as one." }, "provenance": { "statistic": "Listing status across jurisdictions and instruments: California Proposition 65 at the top level; EU REACH SVHC Candidate List under 'eu_svhc'; REACH Annex XVII/XIV under 'eu_restriction' and 'eu_authorisation'; CLP Annex VI harmonised classification under 'eu_clh'; the POPs Regulation under 'eu_pops'. These are NOT interchangeable: SVHC inclusion is IDENTIFICATION, CLH is a hazard classification, and only POPs Annex I is a prohibition.", "reporting_period": "each list as of the scored date", "scored_at": "2026-07-13", "scored_at_basis": "last commit touching the scored file — inferred, not asserted by the scorer", "frozen_copy": "data/snapshots// preserves the source data captured on that date" } }, "remediation": null, "air": null, "commerce": null, "smoke": null, "releases": null, "dose": null, "enforcement": null, "spokes": [ "regulatory" ], "spoke_count": 1 } } }